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estimated cost of wai mints from bay to day at army division in combat fires away 333000 in 24 hours- seen as excellent reason for not repeating world conflict the cost of war has gone up along with a lot of other things since nations did their figuring in 1918 if tho world war cost an estimat ed 190000000000 and with inter ruptions to trade property destruc tion and the like this figure has been added up to 340000000000 it is now apparent that any war of today on the same scale could boost these figures considerably new and improved weapons more expensive construction and higher cost of materials are chiefly respon sible soldiers wages have not gone up much but their wages are only a small factor in the whole compli cated picture of modern warfare bombs cost 400 800 basically there are certain war costs that can be judged fairly ac curately in view of world war ex perience ammunition as it is be ing consumed in china and spain for example can be estimated to cost from 800 to 1000 a ton or rough ly 50 cents a pound for all kinds of ammunition from small arms to shrapnel and air bombs- an army of six divisions or 150- 000 men with 300 field guns might well do away with 2000 tons of ar tillery ammunition 1000 tons of think what this won derful offer will mean in enjoyment through out the whole yeas for yourself and your fam ily magazines of your own choice and this newspaper packed with stories time ly articles helpful departments and color ful illustrations now is your chance roup i macleans 24 issues 1 yr chatelaine lyr national home monthly 1yr canadian magazine lyr rod and gun 1 yr pictorial review combed with delineator 1 yr american boy 8 mo can horticulture and home magazine 1 yr parents magazine 6 mo silver screen- lyr qopenroadorboys16mo american fruit grower 1yr take your choice i this offer fully guar anteed all renewals will be extended offer no 1 one magazine from group 1 and one magazine from group 2 and this newspaper offer no 2 three magazines from groupl and thisnewspaper r- r we buy grain we are in the market for wheat oats barley and rye highest prices paid for grain either at barn or elevator call and see our seed wheat we also clean your seed wheat while you wait poultry feeds lay mash and scratch grain always on hand also coal flour feed and cement s w hastings phone 1c stouffrulo ontario small arms ammunition and 100 ions of air bombs in the first day of fighting in a major effort which boils down to the fact that six divisions in a day of really heavy action can shoot away 2000000 worth of ammunition every round fired from a 75 mm gun costs slightly under 10 shrapnel costs about 14 a pound an airplane that lets go of two 1000pound bombs sets off more than 800 worth of de structive power 12500 a torpedo on the naval side of warfare there are such costs to consider as 12500 for a modern torpedo while a 14- inch shell complete with detonating charge costs about 120 what it costs to carry out an air bombing expedition these days needs a lot of fancy figuring to ascertain it can be assumed however that a bombardment group of sixty bombers would release up to 100 tons of ex plosive during an important days fighting at 800 a ton this is with out consideration for cost of air planes shot down additional to all these costs would be all the varied costs of weapons transportation food communication and the like plus a host of intan gible factors which might increase the costs to the point of doubling them and more at 60000000 a battleship decidedly expensive at the present ttme is the cost of preparing for war modern battleships fully equipped cost 60000000 where they once cost 30000000 the united states armys new flying fortress bomb ers cost 250000 each- britains re armament program of 7500000000 for five years is about as much as britain spent during four years of the world war inestimable property destruction property destruction in modern warfare is a question which experts say has had only a partial answer in bombardments in spain and china so vast are its possibilities that major powers of the world are likely to think long and seriously be fore they go to war seventeen wars since armistice 19141918 was the war to end all wars but since nov 11 1918 there has been ac tive strife between nations in all parts of the world it is only a few days since peoples all over the world celebrated the an niversary of the armistice day which marked the end of the war to end all wars on novemoer 11 1918 during the 19 years that have elap sed we have seen 17 more wars in all parts of the world the conflict in china is the latest while the six teenth that in spain still proceeds here is a list of the conflicts which seem to make a mockery of the sac rifices of 191418 galicia 191819 the poles and ukrainians fought for control of eastern galicia the struggle ending in the area being awarded to poland ireland 191g1921 sporadic and bloodthirsty guerilla fighting in ire land between armed republicans and british black and tans russia 1919 red russia crushed the white russians who were led by admiral kolchak in siberia by gen eral ddhikin in tho south and gen eral yudenich in estonia all of whom were supported by the allies morocco 191922 spanish war in the riff country of morocco arabia 191926 war between ibn saud and king hussein the latter being dethroned poland 1920 russia attacked po land and threatened warsaw the poles inflicting a heavy defeat upon tho attackers armenia 1920 turkey attacked tho armenian republic and opened up a direct route to russia china 192026 warfare among ri val generals and armies of china asia minor 192122 invasion of asia minor by the greeks who were finally defeated by the turks after a battle lasting continuously for a month during this smyrna was de stroyed the damage was estimated at 250000000 and thousands of people were massacred syria 1925 druse rebellion in syria against french control south america 192535 long- drawnout war between bolivia and paraguay over rival claims to terri tory of gran chaco huge loss of life china 192628 more warfare in china ending in the establishment of the chinese republic manchuria 193132 japan invad ed manchuria defeating and driving out the chinese ruler marshal chang hsiaoliang and setting up a puppet emperor while retaining full control for themselves china 1932 hostilities between japanese and chinese forces at shanghai with tcrriflie losses and 350000000 damage to the city abyssinia 193536 italy invaded abyssinia spain 1936 spanish war still continuing china 1937 japanese and chin ese again in conflict at shanghai and north china because of japans increased out put of synthetic fibres production of sulphuric acid in that country is in creasing rapidly london newsboys never shout on street corners only call out name of papers they are selling not the headlines london has newsboys who do not cry tho news who sell not one news paper but all newspapers and who are not boys in that country o town criers it is just not dona to shout on street corners although sometimes the news- venders will cry tho names of the journals they are selling and the type of issue star news and standard late night final paper that is their modest call the reason they remain silent about the contents of the papers and still manage to sell them is that they car ry with them contents bills issued by the papers concerned placards tell the story these placards have cryptic state ments upon them seldom more than five words in all and the fewer the better but the visitor need not be mislead by these messages in print if hebuys a paper which announces upon its placard england in danger latest will usually find that the reference is to tho fate of an eng lish games team in an international match usually cricket once when england was cut off from the contin ent of europe by a terrific storm the contents bill read with typical brit ish directness great storm contin ent isolated perhaps the neatest of recent years was when the airman charles scott had put up a fine per formance flying to africa and one evening paper announced great scott another reason for the failure of newsboys to cry the news is that most of them have a pitch a set territory which may belong to a pri vate person or company such as the entrance to a railway station and where noiso is forbidden further more a large proportion of newsven- dors are newsagents without a shop individualists on their own selling all daily newspapers and keeping eight- pense 1g cents from the proceeds of every quire 24 sold if a vendor has anything which might he called a stall and which requires a set pitch on the pavement he has to pay five shillings for a license there are many street salesmen who are real newsagents and sell every conceivable type of journal daily weekly and monthly and there are minor magnates who pay youths regular waves to help sell papers at various street corners football results only the rights of these men are con firmed not by law but by custom in return it has become the custom for the men to make as little noise as possible the only cry approximating to the cries of other cities is at about five oclock when those who have no set pitch run down the streets shouting football results paper to the british public that is news for the publics attitude champions the im portance of sport and a very good attitude it is racer will attempt a 350mark record capt eyston is expected to re turn next year to win new laurels bonnesville salt flats utah with the salt dust hardly set tled on capt george e t eystons 31142mile an hour land speed rec ord friends predicted this week hell be back next year for a shot at tho 350 mark eystons eightwheeled thunder bolt smashed sir malcolm camp bells 3012 record for the measured mile en route it was clocked over a measured kilometer at a sensa tional 31911 eyston refused to say definitely ho would return but hinted at an other speed drive when he said thun derbolt clearly demonstrated its possibilities- other contenders two other contenders for the rec ord appeared john cobb rotund london fur broker who drove an endurance speedster here last year r c pills- bury american automobile associa tion timer said cobb had reserved september 1 to 15 1938 for meas ured mile tests ab jenkins american driver who for two years has been dreaming of a twomotored speed car and a 35j mph record reaches 31774 eyston drove one mile at 30334 mph and on the return trip boost ed this to a dizzy 31774 he broke the kilometer mark of 27616 with a brief spurt at 31220 mph thunderbolt which we built in six short months as an experiment performed perfectly after clutch dif- ficultics were remedied tho retired british army officer said the clutch stalled two previous record attempts- sir malcolm campbell set the pre vious mile record hero in 1935 he also held the kilometer record estab lished at daytona beach behind the an interpretation of the weeks major events by elizabeth eedy wheat institute deploring the fact that canada has never had a definite wheat policy has left the marketing abroad of canadiai wheat almost entirely to chance henry l griffin director of the research de partment of united grain growers limited is urging upon the royal grain inquiry commission the form ation of a wheat institute to conduct research in uses of canadian wheat the immediate purpose of the insti tute would be to increase canadas export trade in wheat trade rela tions would have to be studied re search made concerning markets di rect advertising done sooner or lat er a market plan for wheat would lead to planned marketing of all oth er farm products tension eased since britains commercial recognition last month of gen francos ascendancy in spain tension has gradually been easing off in the civil war crisis there three other factors have in the meantime operated to reduce the situation to its quietest since july 1936 fran cos willingness to establish if he wins the war a probritish monarchy in spain withdrawal of russian par ticipation in the conflict departure of 20000 italian troops from spain and from the balearics a bad dan gerspot it is expected that other powers will shortly rush to recognize franco with japan portugal aus tria hungary and poland in the lead its all just dandy except that the poor spanish government loyalist is left out in the cold station near pole interest in the potentialities of canadas arc tic areas was given a big lift this summer by baron tweedsmuirs tour of the northwest territories and by the penetration into those distant re gions of ten separate scientific ex peditions the secrets of the north have a greater drawing power than ever now a proposal comes that the dominion government build and maintain a scientific station some where near the centre of the arctic archipelago a headquarters from which expeditions could operate the department of mines and resources have the matter under consideration and will probably discuss it with leading scientists interested in arc tic exploration the site proposed for the station is on the northern end of boothia peninsula the most nor therly mainland on the continent twill come in handy a few years hence when we begin spending our weekends at the pole 1500 income a survey under taken in the smaller cities of the un ited states reveals that the annual income of the typical american fam ily is close to 1500 from 156 to 288 of this goes for rent the great er part of the remainder buys food and clothing for the family the average size of families on relief in nineteen cities ranges from 34 to 51 while for nonrelief families the average is 32 to 45 interesting figures those from which a number of farreaching conclusions may be drawn colorful sidelight on the story comes from another report made by a commission of economists and sta tisticians financed by the us gov ernment which shows that the po- country nounts to 1400 theres a tential income of every family in the leakage somewhere of 2900 which certain authorities attribute to eco nomic waste l e oneill stouffville funeral director and embalmer continuous telephone service day and night business phona residence phone briarbush hospital maui street stonffrule license no 203 graduated nurses in attendance private semlprlvate and public wards ambulance service phone 191 mrs e r good superintendent r g clendening funeral director ambulance service phone markham 9000 fascism in america brazils fifth constitution was proclaimed last week by president vargas nam ing himself as supreme head of the state with dictatorial powers the democratic world was startled and a littie apprehensive at this manifes tation of growing fascism the estab lishment of americas first totalitar ian state the new decree abolishes parliament replacing it with two im potent handpicked bodies which can be jailed or dismissed at will puts industry agriculture commerce transport and banking under a new corporative council of national eco nomy also dismissable the main hope of democratic countries is that the new brazilian setup will prove just another dictatorship of ihe la- linamevican pattern with none of the rampant imperialism of the true fascist state such as italy and germany praying insect is increasing more of strange bugs natives of europe are found in ontario the praying bug is increasing in ontario take that literally its name is the european praying mantis charles e corfe of tho royal on tario museum suspects that these in sects crossed from new york state where they are believed to have been introduced on nursery stock from eu rope the attitude in which they hold their front legs has given rise to the name praying the word preying would have done just as well for they eat other insects the female even devours her own mate mr corfe told the annual meetinjr of the entomo logical society of ontario that their numbers have b2en increasing in southern ontario for several years first seen in 1914 the first one in ontario so far as known was seen near cooksville in 1914 by richard garrett of deseron- to mr corfe also told the society that the moths which many people mis took for young humming birds last summer flew here from states to the south and west of ontario drought is believed to have driven them from their homelands f a urquhart stated that the in sect collection of the royal ontario museum contained a quarter of a million specimens roundtheworld route great britain has figured out a roundtheworld air route which it expects to cover in thirteen days starting within the next 3 years southampton england is to be the principal base from there imperial airways plans a schedule of one day to botwood nfld depending on the inauguration of transcanada air lines next summer north am erica will be covered from botwood on the atlantic to vancouver on the pacific coast of canada in one and onehalf days stewart beare radio service of newnyirki formerly of markham in stouffville every wednesday lsrathwaucs hurunaro phone 9c01 see h o klincr obrien avenue for your insurance neod in fire life automobile burglar and all casualty lces thomas birkett general insurance agency representing reliable companies including lloyds of london england phone stouffville 2d02 a c burkholdeu insurance canada life assurance co also automobile and fire medical dr s s ball physician and surgeon office cor obrien and malrf phone 196 coroner for york county 1 denial neil c smith ldsdd office over dank of commerce office hours 9 to 12 noon and 130 to 530 p phone office phone resideu 1011 1015 clnreinont every tuesday office over tuckers store phone claremont 1401 e s barker lds dd honor graduate of royal colle of dental surgeons and of the university of toronto office in grubins block phone 8201 markham every tuesday office in wear block mansion house scouftvlllc ontario full course meals 35c room and board by the week 00 tobaccoes chocolates soft drinl sandwiches our spcclnlty ladies and gents rest room mccullough button barristers solicitors convey ancers etc buttons block stoudvlllo money to loan a c kennedy chiropractor churoh street stouffvlll monday wednesday and friday 9 to 12 am he kings ulgrauay safe direct economical time table leave stouffville leave toronto easter standard time a 715 am i h 1100 am b 925 am von p c 345 pm 530 pm b pm bslupm a dally except sun hoi b- sun hol only c sat only d daily except satsun hol washington attractive rates for thrilling 3day visits in- new york boston blontreal atlantic city tickets and information at mansion house phone 161 for best results ship your cream to our creamery for safe and wholesome butter ask your grocer for stouffville creamery prints made only from cream produced from t b tested herds closed every evening at 6 oclock excepting saturdays phone 18601 stouffville creamery co our creamery open dally also open tuesday thursday and saturday evenings telephone 18603