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variety of ways of telling time sir james henry in the ottawa journal back again on standard time watches and timepieces of very variety are so common that we ere apt to take no thought of the way they hare come to us or how standard time originated it was not the pro duct of one inventive genius every race of humanity in past ages had a baud in providing an idea that helped along in the final production of the modern timekeeper from the earliest days the un has boon the master of time with the sunshine there is the shadow and primitive man noticed that as the sun moved the shadows ot the trees or similar objects also moved as the habits of regularity were formed a daily action was llkaly to be done when the shadow of a certain tree touched upon a certain stone per haps one day some more observant cave dweller set up a pole because he noticol that by this means a thin ner and sharper shadow could be produced 1erchance he set a stone to maik the spot when the sun was highest in the heavens ti1i3 would mark only one point of time each day the thought came to him why not place two stones or even more and get more markings he found at the end of the day from sunrise to sun down that the stones he place lay in a circle this first artificial sundial of primitive man with its circle of stones originated the idea of having the circular form of the face of tho modern timepiece still use sun in the matter of ascertaining the noon hcur of the day humanity is no further ahead than the day in which savage man set up a polo to note whero its shadow would fall we still depend upon the great timepieces of the sky the sun and j stars for our master clocks must be set by the motion of the heavenly j bodies up to a hundred years ago and even more recently many famil ies had a noon mark on the south window sill or on the kitchen floor for teling time and for correcting their clocks i have seen several of theso markings in the older dwelling places in scotland it is not known when nor where the sundial had its origin but it was without doubt the first time indicator in european countries many old sundials are preserved as relics of bygone ijv in scotland f have seen old sundials that have been renovated and replaced and are venerated on account of their historic associations there is one that hangs like a high clock on the granite front of the city hall in aberdeen it was made by one david anderson in 1597 underneath is the moto cut in stone ut umbra sic fugit vita as the shadow so flies life most of the old dials preterved in parks and public places have appropriate mottoes time is but a shadow the day flies i count the bright hours only thou growest old in behold ing the hour i toll not when the sun will not the light guides me the shadow you find out from your doctor if the pain remedy you take is safe dont entrust your own or your familys well being to unknown preparations before you take any prepara tion you dont know all about for the relief of headaches or the pains of rheumatism neuritis or neuralgia ask your doctor what he thinks about it in comparison with aspirin we say this because before the discovery of aspirin most so- called pain remedies were ad vised against by physicians as being bad for the stomach or often for the heart and the discovery of aspirin largely changed medical practice countless thousands of people who have taken aspirin year in and out without ill effect have proved that the medical findings about its safety were correct remember this aspirin is rated among the fastest methods yet discouercd for the relief of headaches and all common pains and safe for the average person to take regularly aspirin tablets are made in canada aspirin is the registered trademark of the bayer company limited look for the name bayer in the form of a cross on every tablet demand and get 11 scouting here there everywhere a brothei to every other sout without regard to race or creed a parade of 500 cubs scouts and rovers of gait preston kitchener waterloo and guelph joined those of the 1st hespeler group of st james anglican church for an unusually impressive ceremony of dedication of the colours of the hespeler scouts at queens theatre in the evening at st james church the colours were formally handed over to the church wardens and placed in the chancel both services were attend ed by capacity congregations first and second prizes in the airplane model contest at the hali fax fall exhibition were won by scouts gordon waugh and kenneth smith lone scout ken farrell of finch ont proved that the tests for the scout entertainers badge were of practical value by giving entertain ment stunts at concerts in his dis trict he earned sufficient money to buy a new scout uniform and cover his expenses to the badenpowell rally at ottawa calgary scouts will erect an arch way entrance to the new little red deer bird and game sanctuary re cently opened near innisfail it is expected that the sanctuary will be come one of the popular camping grounds of the province the 12th st catharines sea scouts captured the silver white shield for high points at the annual district scout field day nine troops com peting the contest included neatest uniform knotting troop relay fire- lighting 75yard dash equipment race 440yard cycle race quarter- mile run firsts taken by the sea scouts included neatest uniform knotting firelighting and equipment race eleven halifax district scout groups now own cabins on the mil lers lake reforestation and wild life conservation area a farewell party for seventeen members of the 1st bowmanville wolf cub pack about to graduate in to the scout troop was made a re- memberable event after the usual pack meeting opening exercises the entire pack was taken to a movie show then to the cubmasters home for a feast of weiners rolls cookies cocoa and candy there wasnt any difficulty in filling the places of the graduates with new boys a boy scout week to advance scouting in new south wales was officially opened at sydney by his excellency the governor sir alex ander horeruthven pirin clothes of destiny calgary good clothes make a man but poor clothes provide food easier bill haraland graduate of the university of toronto found unemployed since his firm in to ronto shut down a year ago bill hit the road in his good clothes but after his money ran out he found difficulty in making touches he said he found more sympathy when dressed in overall pants and an old shirt but admitted he found is easier to keep out of jail if dressed in his best friend are you to play the hero actor not exactly i lead a camel on the stage the minister persists in asking the bridegroom do you take this woman to be your lawfully wedded wife just as though he didnt know they sent for him real popularity is something not caught with a lariat nor fished for not even consciously tried for emily post a millionaire 77 has taken a bride 37 but the chances are he will not take her very far can you drive with one hand asked the girl in a gentle voice you bet i can replied the young man eagerly then have an apple answered the sophisticated young creature even the perfectly good lies are so slow on their feet theyre easily overtaken now ta5ce health from little ivant0u spa famous mineral salts brought to you the sand glass to indicate the passing of time when sunlight was absent the sand gla s was introduced it is not de finitely known when it came first into use early in the sixteenth coihury hour glasses were introduced into churches that was the period in which preachers were famous for their wearisome sermons i havj seen soma of the ornamental stands in which church hour glasses were kept it is quite likely that the running sand in the hour glass held the close atentlon of hearers when a wearisome hourlong sermon was being offered them there were some sympathetic preachers how ever who introduced the halfhour sand glass bringing ealier relief to their congregations the going going gone ex- prcs ion generally made by auction eers when an article is about to he sold is a relic of the time when pub lic salesmen announced to the buy ing audience that the sand was about run out and the time for bidding at an end while the sand was running and bowels needed tho tlusiilnksaskasil carlsbad vichy ant other resorts in europe are famous for their mineral springs canada too lias its carlsbad for lit tie manitou hake in saskatchewan is an amazing lake a lake of wondrous virtues yielding medicinal salts of potent curative properties these powerful healthgiving palts are extracted from the waters of the lake cleaned and prepared with the addition of iodides by expert chemists they are then available to you as saskasal a very fitting name for these medi cinal spa salts of saskatchewan saskasal is a noneffervescent salt highly recommended in nil ailments arising from overacidity of the blood if you suffer from hheumatlem neuri tis mild stomach disorders kidney and liver troubles impure blood skin eruptions and constipation a short course of saskasal will soon put you in the chorus singing its praises if you are drifting along in indifferent health one bottle of saskasal will give youa new experience of what it feels like to lie in real good health if you think you already enjoy good health take a sample of saskasal and then judge if your stomach kidney customer i want to buy some rouge and face powder clerk for your wife sir or to match your coat lapel woman a letter from your hus band i see friend yes its chiefly to send these two needles for me to thread hes camping you know and has to do his own sewing you know maybe somebody will invent some thing sometime that will never need any spare parts great explorer we were slowly starving to death but we cut up our boots and made soup of them fellow boarder at boarding house sshshsh not so loud the landlady might hear you wife how do you like the potato salad dear hubby delicious did you buy it yourself business magnate i am a manu- done more than the lawmakers to combat the unrest politician how so business hagnate i am a manu facturer of mattresses and beds of ive never had the pleasure meeting your wife what makes you imagine it would be a pleasure actor hurrah at last i have a leading part any one had loo privilege of bidding the last bidder before all the sand had run out was the successful pur chaser only one hand the first mechanical clock struck the hour on bells one had to lis ten to know the time when dials made their first appearance there was only one hand the hour hand along about the year 13c0 the min ute hand made its appearance how ever there was little need of a minute hand for the clocks of that period did not keep time much nearer than two hours a day but the sun kept his regular course in uie sky so that wayward clocks could be brought to time tho division of time into hours minutes and seconds as shown on dials is such a common sight that we seldom stop to inquire into the origin of this arrangement dividing the hour into sixty minutes and into sixty seconds did not happen by chance the sixty was carefully chosen by ancient astronomers xo lower num ber can bo divided by so many oher number as sixty because sixty dl- tdes evenly by thirty fifteen and five we have half hours quarters and minutes i learn to take the low hurdles so that when opportunity comes you can make the high ones bill why do the leaves turn red in the autumn john i suppose they are blushing to think how green theyve been all the summer bees need help experimental farm note the honeygathering season lias now ended and the bees are now pre paring in so far as they possibly can for tho coming winter tiiey will however need some assistance in or der to survive the long cold months that are ahead during the summer months the bees worked feverishly to gatoer enough honey to sustain them through the following autumn winter and spring in most cases the amount stored far exceeded their re quirements and the surplus has been taken from them unfortunately there is a tendency on bbe part of many beekeepers to take from the bees an unfair proportion of their stores thus placing them in danger of star vation before new supplies can be ob alneel the following year to pack bees away for winter without an ade quate food supply is to court disaster it is far better to find living colonies with a surplus ot food in the spring than it is to find colonies dead or de pleted through starvation during the autumn months the colonics are pro- eiucing a large force of young bees that must survive the winter and con tlnue the activity of the colony next spring for this purpose a large food supply is needed should the supply be insufficient brood production is curtailed or stopped entirely thus weakening the colony when strength is of extreme importance afer brood rearing normally ceases the consump tion ot food is greatly reduced but does not cease entirely at the end of september or early october every colony should have at least forty pounds of well capped honey or sug ar syrup for winter use any deficien cy in this amount must be made up by giving combs of sealed iioney or an equal amount of refined sugar made into syrup bees also require protection during the winter months and as they are unable to provide this for themselves it must be sup plied by the beekeeper proection can be given by either packing the bees in well insulated packing cases or moving the apiary into a well con structed cellar or elugout for de tailed information on preparing bees for winter write to ttie bee division central experimental farm ottawa for bulletin no 74 entitled winter- bees in canada real economy in dixie plug there is no waste its fragrant and has better taste the smoke for you the smoke for me in a plug thats real economy i plug smoicsmg tobacco in a country newspaper appeared the following advertisement the man who picked up my wallet in the high street was recognized he is requested to return it the next day this reply was pub lished the recognized man who picked up the wallet requests the loser to call at any time and collect it gave them on pale at your druggists enough for 10 weeks treatment s9c a bottle mail this couron saskasal limited sales office 102 allantic ave i would like to try saskasal please send me a free sample as offered in this advertisement name address town rrov dont you just love the good fel lows that telephone you at two oclock in the morning and say i hope i didnt waken you warden who gave the bride away connolly her little brother he stood up in the middle of the cere mony and yelled hurrah anrfie youve got him at last so live that folks in your com munity would rather take a bust of you than at you a very proper and woman was engaging ji careful old new garden- m8 buster h shortstory writing contest r is at least one good story in everyones life for the best 3 stories received on or before november 10th 1935 a cash prize and two other valuable prizes will be given for original or true life stories of 1000 words or under send in with your story a signed statement that it is either original or a true life story your name and address and number of words in the story enclose return postage for its return entry fee twentyfive cents typewrite if possible or even legible handwriting accepted giff baker 39 lee ave toronto have you a reference from your last place my man she inquired no mum replied the applicant they wouldnt give me one why oh answered the man absent ly i hit one of the warders creamery butter cost of manufacturing butter in the prairie provinces economy in the production of a commodity is always important and it is muoh more so when as in the case of butter in the prairie prov inces a large proportion is shipped to distant markets states a recent issue of the economic annalist a knowledge of ohe factors affecting cost is therefore necessary in order that the most economical practices may be adopted it was for this rea son that study of creamery manage ment and the cost of manufacturing butter in the prairie provinces was conducted jointly by the departments of agriculture in the three prairie provinces the rural economics di visions of the universities in these provinces and the dairy and econo mic branches of uhe dominion de partment of agriculture records from 91 of the 210 creameries oper ating in 1933 were obtained by per sonal visits to the creameries only 78 of the records were used for tab- j ulation purposes and cover the lis- cal year of 1933 in this study the cos ot manufact uring a pound of butter includes all i items of cost from the timo the cream j is received at the creamery until the butter is packed into 50pound boxes charges for gathering the cream costs of printing and shipping the butter are therefore excluded com missions on cream cheques have also been omitted the average cost of manufacture in plants in wiich the production was under 100000 pounds of butter for the year was 4s2 cents per pound while in facories having an output of over 500000 pounds the figure was 318 a range of 164 cents per pound the range in cost from the lowest to the highest cost factory was from 202 to 050 cents a difference of 391 cents per pound the cost of manufacturing in tie 7s plants averaged 345 cents the av erage production being 350500 pounds thirty plants in alberta with an average production of 316303 pounds had a cost of 356 cents per pound butter the average production in tweiuyfive saskatchewan plants was 404178 pounds and the cost 347 cents the cost in manitoba was 328 cents in 22 plants producing an av erage of 336757 pounds of butter overhead and administrative costs were mucoi lower irr manitoba than in the other two provinces the greater volume of production in saskatche wan brought costs per unit in this province lower than those in alberta about onethird of the cream go ing to creameries was transported by motor trucks onethird by railway ex press and the remainder delivered by the producers in very small factor ies producers delivered about 60 per cent of the total cream received by the factories while in larger factor ies only 25 per cent was delivered and 75 per cent was either trucked or expressed to the creamery the cost of trucking in most cases was over two cents per pound butter fat and averaged 223 for all cream trucked the cost of expressing cream averaged 174 cents per pound butter- fat cartage charges on cream de livered by express averaged 05 cents per pound butter fat ivie cost of trucking railway express and car- age amountsu to 20s cents per pound butterfat on all cream so handled tho total charge divided by all cream used in tho manufacture of butter amounted to 137 cents per pound buterfat classified advertising invehtoks 1 a n offer to every inventor list of wanted inventions and lull information sent free tlie itamoay company world patent attorneys 273 uank street ottawa canada salesmen wasted cor a client city town and county salesmen write to advertis ing counsel might directories limited 7470 church st toronto doctoring your dairy herd cows arent machines they can get sick or hurt but minards liniment makes it easy to care for their ills mrs thos bulmcr of lardo bc found one of her herd with a lump in her udder i rubbed it with minards liniment she says and it soon got better minards is best for cuts bruises colic distemper etc and equally good in stable or in house well named king of pain s j ft lir jt r bsmsagbbp take phosferine thou sands endorse this great british tonic for the quick sure way it ends rheumatic aches and stiff ness and soothes the nerves phosferine builds you up gives you new energy helps you to sleep like a log start with phosferine now just a few tiny economical drops each day for fotigue sleeplessness general debility retarded convalescence nerves anaemic condition indication rheu matism grippe neuralgia neuritis loss of appetite take 46 the longer evenings of fall and winter afford op portunity for mental improve ment you can overcome inferi ority complex develop a power ful memory learn tho secret of success and improve your mental callbro by fascinating correspondence courses which you can study in your spare tlmft and in the flulct of your own home for full particulars write to the institute of practical and applied psychology 910 confederation building montbeal quebec all the vitamins of cod liver oil plus bone building minerals cod liver oil when digested sup plies many necessary elements for proper growth of body and bones scotts emulsion of cod liver oil and the hypophosphites of lime and soda prepared for easy diges tion helps insure proper body and bone development without the unpleasant taste of cod liver oil scotts emulsion the digestible cod liver oil with the plus values for sill h your druggist ibhsesgalps sold by all drugijiu 2se iic tu 50c and jlqo phosferine the great british tonic at your drug store in liquid or tablet form at the following reduced prices 3 sizes 50c 100 150 th 100 flz tl newly four lime the 50c iix slid tht st 50 ilic li inlet lh si 00 lit live stock marketing shipping on the cooperative plan has been productive of splendid results selling on the open market means rcaj value for tho owners oct in toucl with us write wire or telephone iyndhurst 1143 the united fabmees cooperative company iiimited ijvb stock commission dept union stock vardb wont toronto thats why millions have confidence in the blue colour that guarantees the quality of this fam ous d l 8c w scranton anthracite issue no 44 35 46 bliiecar