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poultry flies out of the milk manure piles i the breeding place of flies should not address communications to agronomist adelaide st west toronto choosing the dairy herd cult to provide accommodation for sire wherever thtse factors can be over- come the purchase of such a proven fine range for gosings a field pro- the choosing of the sire is an- sire und a move in the right tected by an evergreen windbreak will doubtedly the most important factor direct f apart from his desir- in a constructive breeding policy it abiiit s a proven sire there is the is the sire with his influence over the added desirability of breeding from a whole herd rather than the female m bull which undoubtedly has its with her limited sphere of influence ad untaxes an important point to that raises the standard of the herd j is that if improvement when the choice is good or lowers itj ia the llr ig to take p then the when the choice is a poor one not herd must be of better quality only is the sire the most important than any of tne ot animals in the factor in a constructive breeding pol- similarly if improvement in icy but he is in addition the most the herd is to continue each successive economical one more rapid improve- 1 sire must be at least equal and pre- ment in a herd could be made by the f superior in all points to his addition of high class females but j predecessor weak and stunted goslings of ten k a near the milk house win- result from the efforts of the owner i and doors of milk houses and to keep them in small fenced en- j stawes s be screened milk cans closures where they will not be harm- j be kept covere and every ed by other farm animals they often i other precaut ntces to prevent do well on limited range until a week kett j the milk should be or ten days old and then some will s0 says tha department- of stand humped up with drooping bacteriology ontario agricultural wings exposure to the hot sun may such a method requires much more capital than the average farmer has at his disposal these days in choosing a herd sire purebreed ing size type character individual ity quality record backing and if pos sible proven breeding ability are the main requirements that must be kept in mind the successful buyer is the one who has the ability to know an animal with the proper combination of the above requirements and the cour- nge of his convictions to pay what such nn animal is worth it is the experience of the central experimental farm and no doubt of many breeders that individuals in quiring re breeding bulls often stipu late that the animal must embody some specific character such as a specified color regardless of his mer its otherwise in other words they are following a fad color is not im portant so long as it is within the requirements for the registration of the breed pure breeding size con formation quality and record backing should be given first consideration the desirability of pure breeding lies in the fact that a bull whose ancestors have been bred for many generations for one purpose milk production is more certain to transmit that char acter than one whose ancestry is mix ed sizo for age is important for other things being equal the larger the animal the more economical the production size without the recog nized ideal dairy conformation for the breed is not desirable there are too many misfits as regards conformation in most breeds at present without per petuating them size without quality is even less desirable than size with out desirable conformation for the big rough coarse animal is rarely a good producer while an animal embodying the above characteristics in high degree is to be preferred to one with these characteristics in lesser degree never theless he is not to be compared with culling the layers culling generally speaking should be continued throughout the year and should include the elimination of hens that are nonproductive sick thin of poor vitality at some one time how ever the whole flock should be given a careful and systematic culling each hen should be gone over carefully with the object of picking out and retain ing the better producers and market ing the others at this time it is ad visable to select hens that will be needed- for breeders tho following spring these should be legbanded and their eggs savd ofor hatching the poor producers should be market ed as soon as possible the best time to cull is during the latter part of august or the first part of september hens that show indica tions of laying at this time have as a rule been the better producers for the year hens that have been good lay cause the same result an orchard where there is plenty of shade and fresh clover sod makes a help induce them to range in the early spring when the days may be windy when the gosiings become weak and throw their heads back and die in a short time it is probably due to con college consult bulletin 265 eat more canadian fruit and vegetables eat canadian fruits and vege- tables while they are in season and littio relation between the size costli- can dry and store the surplus for nc or simplicity of a home and its winter use is the sound advice given surround as compared with its at- i in a book of recipes issued by the do- t tractivenes3 that may be given it by i minion fruit branch it also points the farm home attractive much can be done without great cost to imprere the farm surroundings by earle w gage the possession of attractive home to become a part of the background surroundings is not beyond the reach of any farmer who owns his home while several tenants have made their stay enjoyablo by a few bushes here and there about tho yard gestion of the brain caused by intes- m x fruits and p arrangement nd careful p foi 5 r j ut that canadiangrown fruits and f mms tinal worms or indigestion if the droppings indicate the presence of hat fc d more r lar u6e of worms ly giving each gosling a hak- them throughout the year would have teaspoonful of turpentine this can iuvo beneficial effcct it is fur be placed rather deep in the young th pointed out that canada produces birds throat with a medicine dropper 1 mnra tilnn mnlur keep beauty is not to be measured vegetables are conducive to health and of ju a i l r by expense and ornament of any kind is not needed so much as a at and wellkept appearance farm folks are coming more and meuicme uronowi n il more to appreciate the value of home- two teaspoonfuls of castor ssj ff tt 5 return to normal when a large niml f s w s then there is that pleas- ber of goslings require treatment seskassfts sstator j j worms add onefourth pound of sul- this fc surroundings to be proud of it imported is rapidly increasing phur onefourth pound of epsom salts i fj i 1 1 increase is largely in the canned dried and two ounces of powdered copperas to twentyfive pounds of their mash the mash containing the medicine can be given once each day when the birds are quite hungry bacteria from flies house flies and stable flies are great carriers of putrefactive and other contaminating bacteria hun dreds of thousands of these bacteria may be found on one leg of a fly flies breed and feed on manure and filth of all kinds and from these sources they get heavily contaminated with tho putrefying bacteria present in such substances unfortunately flies will also feed on good human and ani mal foods and when they settle on or and dehydrated fruits and vegetables and it is in the hope of encouraging canadians to demand and consume more of the products of their own country that the booklet which can be had free on application to the pub lications branch dept of agriculture ottawa has been published as well as the seventyfive recipes directions are given for canning drying and storing is an obligation which every citizen owes his community to have his home using trees for this the pleasant farm surrounding is vital both for the present welfare of the individual home and for the future of country life wideawako young there is people will usually hesitate at leaving an attractive prosperous farm home for uncertainties of city life but con sider the farm homestead as a whole it is not merely a question of a few daisies here fresh paint and new porches broad lawns or tidy doorstep but of having living places that in their whole effect are pleasing and elevating to older folk and children alike a wellplanned and wellkept yard will greatly improve an ugly house a pleasing house makes it far easier to lay out an attractive yard a house with a poor yard or none is inhos pitable and forlorn both the house and grounds must be kept in mind in planning one of the surprising features about an attractive home surround ings is that few people can describe it when they have left it behind where as if we visit a homely and unattrac tive farm home we can usually give it a very vivid description in plan- home may be made beautiful by simple j ning farm homes professor davies ol means neatness and orderliness come cornell college advises that there are first these combined with a good seven points that we should empha- ns attractive as possible one little farm mother put the truth in a sen tence let the homo beauty be its sole duty this is the proper spirit the farm fall into such material they naturally ers during their first laying year are contaminate it with the bacteria that generally the ones that will be the better orodueers in the second and third years good producers through out the year should be retained for the next year regardless of age re latively few hens however will prove to be profitable producers beyond their second laying year if they arc of the heavier breeds such as the ply mouth rock or wyandotte or beyond their third laying year if they are of the lighter breeds such as leghorns it is also advisable to cull thoroughly during july in order to eliminate hens which have started to molt and have stopped laying hens possessing the following char acteristics or a combination of such characteristics should be culled as poor producers sick weak lacking vigor inactive poor eaters those that have molted or started to molt early those with small dry puckoied vents with small shrivelled hard dull color ed combs with thick rigid pelvic bones and rear end keel and small hard abdomen in they have picked up from manure or filth on which they have previously been in the summer time they are present in great numbers around stables and manure piles and milk houses and it is very common for a number of them to get into milk hence as each fly is liable to have hundreds of thousands of bacteria on its legs mouth and body when a number of flies get into milk during the milking or handling process the milk becomes badly contaminated so every care should be taken to keep sheep in orchards many a once fine old orchard is now a pitiful sight of dead trees tangled brush and weeds beyond re demption in so far as fruit is con cerned such an orchard might still be put to profitable use and be less unsightly first cleaned of dead trees brush and trash it makes a fine place for a few ewes and lambs not only will the sheep keep down the weed growth but will thrive on such forage as blue grass oats rape sudan and the like any of which may easily be grown an acre or two of old orchard grove or woodland is good for a truck load of sheep every year and a truck load of sheep these days will convert the old dumping ground for discarded farm machinery into a profitable cor ner of the farm the childs first 8choo l tho family froebel cooperative training by margaret conn rhoades an animal that has both individuality and milk record backing in sizing breeds poor producers also should up the milk records on a pedigree it show yellow or medium yellow shanks should be remembered that the im- 1 yellow beaks and vent portant records are those close up in a good producers when laying too many animals are bought and j the abdomen is soft and flexible owing sold on the strength of the record of to its increased size and there is less some individual three or four genera- tendency at this time to put on fat tions removed the influence of such as laying ceases the abdomen be an individual on the value of the ani- comes smaller feels harder when mal bought is bo small that it hardly merits consideration insist on high production records in the dam and the two grand dams if such records can be obtained for individuals further back in the pedigree as well so much culling remember to depend upon a combination of these characteristics rather than on any one point alone it will be found that birds of the smaller breeds lay very few eggs after tho molting period starts i was somewhat astonished at the poise of a young child who visited in my home she had been unexpect edly left by her mother who had been yellowskinned called away suddenly she had all the earmarks of an experienced vis itor although to my knowledge she had never been out of town before when her mother returned i asked if it had been home training that had made her so careful so observant so much a model visitor oh that is a result of our neigh borhood cooperative training the mother replied you see there are some things children learn better in another home so a few neighbors in the better in the case of the sires in whereas the generalpurpose breeds the pedigree some stress should be laid on their breeding qualities as represented by the number of qualified daughters they have sired such in formation is now available for prac tically all the dairy breeds of cattle it may be possible in some case3 to purchaso a proven sire that is one that has proven his ability to get calves and possibly old enough to have daughters that have proved themselves heavy producers when such a bull goes on the market it is usually because it can no longer be used in its owners herd and ho knowing tho valuo of the bull offers it for sale for breeding purposes rather than for beef many buyers are diffi dent about buyirg such bulls on ac count of their being vicious and diffl- such as the plymouth rock rhode is land reds wyandottes and orping tons often lay well into the molt a moist mash being stimulating is of greater value at this time as an emergency feed that is during the production decline than when fed daily during the year if a moist mash has not been fed it may be used to maintain a higher and more steady lay during the summer and fall months most poultry men prefer to give a moist mash feed at noon the regular dry mash is motened to a crumbly consistency with cither sour milk buttermilk or water this sys tem followed during the summer months in connection with a reason able amount of culling proves very successful with them and today we feel sure these little folks understand wonder fully well all the simple rules for model visitors the cooperative plan did not stop with visiting either but we had sew ing classes where each child demon strated the making of a simple gar ment this idea of learning some thing first and then teaching the method was very inspiring to them they did this in cookery too we found that the group idea worked out greensward about the house a a shel tering growth of trees and shrubs a veritable garden may soon be de veloped the farm home is a combined resi dence and business headquarters as the farm business is but a means to the home life it is of first importance that the farm as a whole should make for pleasant home life if children are the most important crop the mod- em farmer raises then it follows that the most important function of a farm is that of supporting a good home if every farm child were in attractive home surroundings many of the prob lems of life would be solved and we would be facing the question of keep ing the boys and girls on the farm the influence of farm environment has a subconscious but potent effect on children even while the barn is only a playground to the children here may be taught orderliness and thrift as also in woodlot orchard meadow and field all giving one grand ex ample in living object lessons of good farming the orchards while not primarily intended to serve as an aesthetic purpose may form the most beautiful part of the farm an orch ard of standard apples could profit ably be planted near the farm home 1 the place must be well furnish ed with trees and shrubbery 2 the house should be prominent should have a good setting 3 there must be an open space of lawn 4 the trees and the smaller plants should be massed or grouped at the sides or at the rear rather than scat tered all over the place 5 there must be no unnecessary fences walks or drives g there must be no curiosities con spicuously placed in the yard such as piles or stones odd rocks or shells 7 the place must be neat and well kept so that it may look as if the resi dents gave it loving care the house being headquarters this should be connected with the highway and the surrounding buildings by serviceable walks and drives it should have an attractive setting that is the first and main purpose of the yard by which is meant two distinct ideas first the house should have a background of sufficient growth of trees and shrubs to give it a protected appearance second the setting should afford dpporunity for outdoor life on the lawn and in the shaded corners goldie bumblebee and the blue flower goldie bumblebee sat rocking in the breeze on the end of a spray of goldenrod it was a warm day and he did not feel at all like gathering well and one mothers idea stimulated honey for it was such sticky hot others mothers children to real en deavor many things are made possible our locality decided to cooperate through the cooperative training occasionally one of us would invite plan a cheery little group of chil weekend guests these guests wercldrcn who meet in a neighborhood fiv- bonedry crib floors a cement floor in tho corncrib may be rat proof but if constructed care lessly it will absorb moisture from the ground and cause tho grain to mold will remain as dry as when placed upon a flooring oi boards or planks painting the engine it is a good practice to keep the engine transmission and the like on in the general construction of foun- tho farm tractor and truck well paint- datiohs and floors of this sort the ed as it not only preserves the metal concrete is mixed nnd poured directly from corrosion or rust but it also upon the ground so that when the job makes them easier to clean and keep is completed rain or surface water clean and to work on will be carried up through the porous however the job must be done cement in the same manner that kcr- properly or the paint will not stick oscne is drawn up through a lamp first remove the battery or at least wick make sure to disconnect it in order to to overcome any such possibility avoid any danger from sparks as the strips of tar paper should be employed engine must be cleaned thoroughly in the building of tho foundation j with gasoline and a brush then go floors a layor of concrete is poured over it again with hot water and a in the usual manner nnd smoothed good washing powder so as to wash carefully so that no sharp stones will off any traces of gasoline or oil then protrude over this surfaco the lay- rinse carefully with clean hot water orsof tar paper are laid lapping them and let dry thoroughly after which an inch or so to cover safely every it is ready for the application of a square inch of the concrete several good metal paint which will adhere inches of concrete arc added to com- perfectly plete the work j a floor of this kind when finished the farm premises can be made wil be insulated against all moisture brighter and cleaner by the liberal fieri bclov- and grain stored upon it use of some good whitewash the neighborhood children they were required to pack their own bags see that their clothes were in shape and be prepared to visit for a day or two we were formal in our table service during the stay of these little people and planned special entertain ment for them in fact they were treated throughout their stay as real company and you know children delight in living up to an ideal the training was splendid for them and the sight seeing trips we took about the town were instructive there was no let ting down of the company attitude ing room to study the sunday school lesson on saturday night will put re newed zeal into the heart of a sun day school teacher the next day when she realizes that home effort is unit ing with hers in teaching spiritual truths the talent of one mother often finds a quicker response when shared with the child of another coopera tion in child training is a worth while experiment as we have proved i felt sure she was right as my little guest bade me a cordial goodbye she told me she had enjoyed her visit besides learning a new dessert work his mother mrs busy bumblebee flew by witha load of honey and saw him there idling why goldie bumblebee she cried what do you mean by sitting there doing nothing who ever heard of a lazy bee in the bumblebee fam ily if you do not bring home your share of honey tonight you shall have no supper yes mother said goldie and stretched his wings slowly as he pre pared for flight ill go to work at once where do you think i can find the most honey i should think there was enough right under your nose she replied and hastened away to the clover field goldie worked steadily for a time not get out of the flower how he wished he had kept busy and filled his honeypot as his mother had told him to do if he had he would now have been safe and snug at home with the rest of his family they could never find him away off in this pasture shut up in the heart of a flower he stopped buzzing and scolding at last and lay very quiet and oven went to sleep again when he woke up the second time it was no longer dark in the flower the sun had risen and its light pene trated the blue walls of his prison the blue fringes above his head began slowly to unfold and soon he saw a tiny opening no bigger than the head of a pin it grew larger and a littio larger until with a great jump mas ter goldie pushed his hand through the opening and found himself free was there ever a happier young bee he did not delay an instant but flew home as fast as his gauzy wings could carry him you may be sure his family were glad to see him for they had begun to lie afraid that he was lost his brothers and sisters did not be lieve him when he told them of tho flower with fringes that folded itself and then began to grow tired i think night but mrs bumblebee said i shall make a trip over to the pas ture yonder he said to himself i believe a piece of sky has dropped out or maybe theres a little pond there for i can sec a big patch of blue goldie sailed away in the direction of the patch of blue and when he j reached it he found that it was ncith- er sky nor water but made up of countless blue flowers such as he had never seen they stood up a photograph of sir thomas ward who ha arrived in irak with a tech nical staff to commence work to stem the flow of the dlala uiver so as to form a lake 400 miles square to aid irrigation he is right i know the flower well it is called the fringed gentian i shall never go there again promised- goldie next time i will fill my honeypot in the clver field and come right home with it rose d neallcy in youths companion dehorning calves the causic potash method of do- very j horning calves not only is the most straight and stiff in little groups and humane but perhaps the easiest nnd the heart of every flower was protect- may be practiced without danger to ed by dark blue petals with silky blue tho animal the proper time to de- fringes i horn is when he calf is from five to my goldie thought doesnt it seven days old at which time the but- look cool and pleasant down in the tons are easily located depths of those flowers i think i older calves having small horns shall crawl into the biggest one i can may also be dehorned by this method find and have a little nap then i but the operation is slightly more dif- shall feel more like work and i can ficult and less likely to be as effective finish filling my honeypot before the hair should first be clipped from supper around the buttons or small horns it was even better in the depths of and vaseline smeared over this clip- the blue flower than ho had thought ped area to prevent burning of tho the lovely silken petals protected him from the sun and shed a soft light like a faint twilight softly and fell asleep skin in case of the animal being only in the button stogc scrape the button this is pleasant breathed goldie very lightly with a knife until the blood oozes very little moisten the when he woke up he did not find it clipped nrea with water and rub the so pleasant the sun must have gone horn with n stick of caustic potash down for it was very dark and he j until it becomes white could not find any way to get out of if the animal has small horns the the flower the silken fringes had coverings or caps of thcm must be rc- twistcd themselves together tightly j moved before the potash is npplied and master goldie bumblebee was a the caustic stick should he wrapped prisoner he buzzed and scolded and in paper or cloth to prevent burning j buzzed but it was of no use he could the fingers