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how people sleep some intrreallnx dream 8tatltil gleamed bjr m kuaalan inlteolir an interesting investigation upon the above subject has recently been mvte under the auspices of the university of djrpath russia some 500 circulars were sent oat with aseriea of qolw definite questions whih were answered with equal detail by 151 stu dents 113 other maes 142 female the result for the two sexes were so different that they demand separation while the stu dents formed a homogeneous class interest ing aa a special atudy the firsj problem that was proposed was the relation between the frequency and he vividness of dreams it appears that 625 per cent of those who dream every night dream vividly 60 5 per rjcvof those who dream frequently and v5y 26 8 per cent of those who dream sel dom showing that the vividness of dreams increases very rapidly with their frequency next how is the intensity of sleep related to the frequency of dreams of the stu dents who dream nightly 68 per cent have a light sleep and only 28 per cent have a deep sleep of those dreaming frequently 40 per cent of those dreaming seldom 32 8 per cent similar peroentaaea for the other males are 68 8 42 1 and 39 3 and for wo men 72 46 and 50 per cent we conclude then that fnqaent dreams are a concomit ant of light sleep though the relation is far from universal as regards sex wrmen have 73 per cent of their number dreaming nightly or frequently while students have only 50 per cent and other males 4s per cent again 63 per cent of the women sleep lightly and only 42 per cent of students and 44 per cent of other males we coo- elude then that women have a very much lighter sleep than men and that their dreams are proportionately more frequent another oonclusion the evidence of which is too detailed at present is that as we grow older our dreams become less frequent but our sleep becomes lighter age affecting inten sity of sleep more than frcquenoy of dreams the author regards the students as in the period of maximum dreaming 20 to 24 years of ag the deep sleep of cmldhood hos- tie to frequency of dreams is then least oounterbalancedby the lessening of dreams due to age the vividness of dreams shows a similar relation to age and sex the women dream most vividly the siudents being younger than the other men have more vivid dreams the power of remembering dreams is also dreams is also dependent upon vivid ness and frequency of dreaming it is ac cordingly greatest in women and greater in students than in more mature men the liveliness of the emotional natube a prominent feature of women and youth seems thus to be marked out as the causative agent in the produ otion of dreams the dur ation of sleep should naturally be related to the habit of dreaming but in the men no such relation can be discovered in the wo men however it appears that those who dream frequently sleep nearly an hour longer than those who seldom dream this differ ence is regarded as due to the f aot that men are more under duty to break short their sleep and thus vitiate the statistics this is corroborated by the frequency with which the men who dream frequently declare them selves tired in the morning indicating in complete sleep the need of sleep is greater in women than in menmft duration of sleep being longer and the percentage of tired morn ing and evening v f not tired being 3 o 2 and 2 to 3 respectively as compared to the men students sleep longer and are less tired than other men the time needed to fall ableep is about the same in all three olasses- 20 8 minutes for the men 171 minuteb lor students and 212 for the women in each oise however it takes longer for those who are frtquenti dreamers and light sleepers to fairasleepjthan perons of opposite oharaoteristics eightr cent of students sleep unntorruptedlys through the night 70 per centrof other men and only 43 per cent of women light sleep and f n quent dreams increase the interrupt- edness uf sleep the power of fallingasleep at will is possessed by few it is greater in youth than in age twentyeiht per cent of men 19 per cent of students and 20 per cent of women sleep in the afternoon indicating a making up of jnbtfficient sleep on the part of the men the effect of dream habits upon menttl work is also evident those who dream seldom or sleep deeply are better dispoeed for work in the forenoon than light sleepers and frequent dreamers tno forenoon seems in general to be the preferred time of work the statistics regarding nervousness confirm the accepted fact tnat this is greater among students than other men at large it is too a concomitant of light sleep and frc- quentdroams as to temperament thephleg- matic people are quite constantly deep sleeping and infrequent dreamers finally a contrast between teachers and professors of the same average age shows the effeot of the ocenpation the teacher with his daily toil has a lighter sleep and more frequent dreams while the professor leading a com paratively congenial and worriless lite is a deeper sleeper and a less frequent dreamer than the teaoher p play in pious before his majesty the emperor of russia when upon a tour of inspection in the provinoes passed the night in the simple hut of a tolltaker be fore retiring he was pleased aa head of the church to see the old man take up the bible aud read a chapter da you read often my son he asked yob your majesty every day how muoh of the bible have you read my son during the past year the old testament and part of matthew your majesty thinking to reward him the czar placed 500 ronnles between the leaves of the book of mark on the following morning unknown to the t illkeeper whom ho bade farewell sever al months passed away and the emperor returned upon a second tour to the toll- takers hut taking the bible in his hands he was surprised to find the 509- roubles- intaot again interrogating the toll keeper as to his diligence in reading he ricoived an affirmative answer and the statement that he had finished the chapters of luke lying my son is a great sin replied his majesty give me the bible till i sec opsniog the book ho pointed to the money which the man had not seen thou halt not sought the kingdom of god my son as punishment thou shall also lose thy earthly reward and he placed the roubles in his pocket to distribute afterward among the neighboring poon the art of jelly making there are jellies and jellies ordinarily it is safe to pass by the rasping sweetmeat whose taste is lost in sugar or is a sharp acid with a decided flavor of the pan in which u was made you can taste the tin or metal inmost of the jellies and fruit preserves shown a fe times in life however jn coma upon such a glass of jelly as i found o a pilgrim household at oivl plymouth wild grape jally kept three years in a pit of ol 1 gilt crystal which perfumed the house when opened with its wild fine odor jellymak ing is an art the height of the housekeeper s skill for it demands keen taste nicety and promptness to insure perfection rather than the twenty minutes boiling and the pound for pound of sugar which most women imagine all there is of jellymaking to have the soul of toe fruit in its flavor it must be picked in its first firm ripeness justwhen the dew is dry on a sunny forenoon about ten minutes from the bailing pan toe stoneware preserving pans are best for all fruit uses and a kerosene sto e with an iron stovelid under the pan works quickly with out overheating jelly or jillymaker only a quart of juice should be pressed at a timo and made up aa quickly as possible stand ing it loses flavor and develops sharp fer ment which gives the edge to so much of the jelly offered everything must be scru pulously clean and a bowl of clean water ready for rinsing spoons and cupj the finest jellies are made without heat a sunny day before a storm when the tea kettel boils away fast is the best day for boiling jelly as the juice evaporates faster but jolly by- the cold process needs fair settled weather a damp muggy day is enough to spoil any preserves made on it use the best confeo doners sugar for jelly or roll and sift the granulated until it is fine and will dissolve quickly have the sugar measured and glosses ready before pressing the juice press and strain through flannel without tqueczing or stirring but moving the juice to fresh parts of the straining cloth as it becomes clogged on careful straining depends the crystal clearness of the jally which is read of- alas 1 of tener than seen repeated straining lessens the flavor what remains on the oloth should be scraped off for marmalade but jolly requires the first run of the fruit use thrceiourths of a cup of sugar to a cup of strained juice stirring spoonful by spoonful into the bowl and con tinuing to stir till the sugar is entirely dis solvedten to fifteen minutes then pour into glasses and set in the full sunshine a table on an open porch or a broad shelf outside the window is the best place cover ing each tumbler with one of the small tquarea of glasses that come in honey boxes in timo moisture gathers on the underside of the glass and it must be turned and wiped dry ch- nging the position of the j illy to keep it always in the sun sometimes it must be exposed for a week before it comes firm but usually two or three hours is enough and the juice jellies on the edge of the bowl before pouring out the flavor of fruit is kept in full freshness by this method and the j ally is not so likely to mold as when boiled when thoroughly firm lay disks of white paper cut to fit the glass dipped in salad oil and drained on the top of the jelly and cover with tin covers or paper brushed on both sides with white of egg or the thick water of boiled rice keep all preserves in a dry cold dark place away from other provisions for boiled j allies set the boiling rapidly and sift in the heated sugar spoonful by spoonful not to check the boiling using iqual care neither to scorch nor cool the fruit the best manufacturers say the se cret of high flavor is to keep fruit boiliog as rapidly as possible till the juice is evaporat ed enough to jelly which should be ten minutes but in domestic methods is twenty the only way to tell when it is done is to drop a little on a cold saucer to see if it thickens then take it off cool in a draft and pour into dry clean glasses which seal as before powdered sugar on the top pro tects from mold as well as the oil paper and panffioe paper closely fitted may be used in plae of the latter more care ehould be given to secure variety ol flavor and frnits for jally apple jelly is fine if made trom high- fiavored acid whitefleshed varieties like the orange pippin or bel flower boiling the skins and seeds tied in cheesecloth with ihe juice whioh heightens the flavor for the finest j illy press two quatts of older and put it to simmer pare five pounds of apples slice and boil in the cider over a brisk fire till the fruit is melted down strain and boil again with ten ounces of sugar to the pound of juice this may be flavored with lemon being required for the above amount of apples or with quince the quince itself is at the head of fruits for preserving and should be boiled with all the seeds and clean parings to get its high flavor the japanese qiince is esteemed is a jally fruit in southern states where it fruits freely wild grape jelly is the finest known if properly made by cooking the whole grapes in a atone pot in the oven before straining white currant jlly is delicious cherry jelly 1 piquant in the highest degree but should by cooked without stirring the fruit barberry j ally is valuable for consumptives as well as a high relish for game boil four pounds of picked barberries in three quarts of water until soft strain and boil with ten ounces of sugar to the pound of juioe pine apple jelly is one of the whitest and clearest kinds admired for a luncheon treat with ioe oream green gages make a subacid jelly very pleasing to serve with cake at an old- fashioned tea capital punishment teaoher describing experiences of the day to a friend in order to punish johnny hansom i caused him to tit beside miss fresh the prettiest girl in the school friend and how did it work teacher judge for yourself the girl did not seem a whit dlrooncertcd and smiled so sweetly npon johmy that he lost his head completely ifrlend why that was capital punish ment the moois inflaeno i upon tho weather is accepted by some aa real by others it is disputed the moon never attracts corns from tho tender ach ing spot putnams painless corn extrac tor removes the most painful corn in three days this great remedy makes no sore spots doesnt go fooling around a mnsfoot but gos to business at once and effects a cure dont be imposodupon by substitutes and- imitations gat putnams and no other meteors as bij as floor banes the btltimore sim says dr s t pr- kinr ot springfield witnessed the fall of meteors on wednesday night in prince georges county the night waa quite drk be said yesterday in describing the phenomenon and the sudden flash caused by the shuoting meteor was startling a huge glowing mass seemed to descend from the heavens at an angle of fortyfive degrees it waa an irregular mass about the a of a flour barrel and of great brilliancy a glow ing red heat the country for miles around was lit up for a few seconds it seemed to fall about one mile to the southwest of biwie aa soon aa i regained my equan imity for the wonderful sight took my breath and elicited a scream from my wife and children i looked at my watch it was 833 the second meteorite fell about forty minutes later it was even larger than the first and much brighter as near as i could judge it fell about two hundred yards from the first i have seen meteorites fall before but none so bright as this the people of bowie had much the same story to relate everyone for miles around thought it had fallen but a few hundred yards from his farmhouse capt edward leonard ot the steamer ida reported having seen a meteor on wednesday night as the steamer was going up the tread avon river to eastern point during the passage of the meteor the sky had the appearance of a solid sheet of fire tan aud russet shoes grow in fashions ble favor why you should use scotts emulsion op cod mver oil with hypophosphites it is palatable as milk it is three times as efficacious as plain cod liver oil it is far superior to all other so- called emulsions it is a perfect emulsion dees not separate or change it is wonderful as a flesh producer it is the best remedy for consump tion scrofula bronchitis wast ing diseases chronic cough and colds sold 01 all druggists boc and 100 teachers can make money duiinf vacation by canvassing for one or more of our fast selling books and bibles especialy history of canada by w h withrew dd latest and best edition ever published prices low terms liberal write for illustrated circulars and terms wm briqqs publisher toronto bicycles iso secondhand send for list t lane moxikkal qub sitelpu business college guclph x ont there are no vacations the college being in session throughout the entire year its graduate are meeting with distinguished success a book keep ers business managers short hand- writers court reporters etc individual instruction is a feature cl the in tifutiou graduates assisted in obtaining positions address m maccormick prineipi l automatic safety elevators pat hydraulic hand steam elevators lelf ch turnbull canadian elevator works peter and queen streets hamilton ont commercial education writs or cl culars from the largea commercial and shorthand college in canaia over three hun dred pupls last year kenpcnlnz m omlny sep 2nd 1889 adirest canadian uusivfcss iimvkicmti public library bui ding loronto tnos ukaooooii ciias ii brooks president secretary and manager shorthand school barkers 45 king street eant toronto formerly for over five years principal of the shorthand institute in con- nectlon with the canadian business university typewriting depict nent under the iranagement of mb george bexgouch agent for the remington typewriter apply for circular mention this paper writing allan line royal mail steamships sailing during winter from portland overytbursday and halifax every saturday to liverpool and in sum mer from quebec every saturday to liverpool calling at londonderry to land malls and passenger for scotland ind ireland also from baltimore via hall fax and st johns n f to liverpool fortnightly during summer months the stealers of the glas gow lines ail during winter to ai j from haliffax portland boston and philadelphia and duilng sum mer between glasgow and montreal weekly glasgow and boston weekly and glasgow and philadelphia fortnightly for freight passage or other information apply to a schumacher oo baltimore s ouaard a x halifax shea co it johns nad wm thomi eon a co st john n b allen 1 co chicago love ft aidon new ifont h bourller toronto allans rae a co quebec ivna urookle phlladel pma h a jjr prtind boston tfwriv plate glass largest stok dollvered anywhere in canada loweit prices mcoaualand son 72 to 76 kihc street west toronto artificial limbs foe cmnmvab adubess j doan co- 8 sortlicute ave toronto ont n toronto onservatory of music 10 government charter hon q w al president l total attendance first 2 yoaro a 1 branche taurht instrumental and vocal music elocution language scholarships certificat3iliplo mas free theory violin concerts and lectures next fall organ students besides the use of several complete church organs sssisfiss recitals upon- grand concert organ built expressly for the conservatory in association hall summer normal- term julys toaug to fall term opens sept 4- send for fre catendar xddrels edward fisher director cor yonce st and wilton ave- toronto the penberthy improved automatic injector 10000 in use in canada 25000 in use in the uuited states they are simple and cost lets inao other makes while performing tbe am work they start efsy at 25 lbc and wuk work to loolbs lift water 18 to 20 ft and work from a head as well automatic sod restarting when current to boiler is broken send for circular to main t ffi j penberiliy injector co detroit mkli factories windsor can and detroit mich mention this paper a lance amount of trust funds to loaaat a verjf low rate of interest on nr engraving f jljones wukmriviih class secniux apply to beatty ghadw1gk blackstqck calt barristers and solicitors welliilon st cor church over bask ol torseasj toronto ont 5h0ice farms for sale in all parts ot manitoba parties wishing te porchaw lmproted maoltcl farms trom so acre upads with inmjdlau powetioij call or write to i mitlso me arthurs block mala st winnipeg inlormauoa turalahed free ot charge and settlers aasuted to making selection imconjmj 7ic w0 xaojesajs at ccstaest bans or brruaar purposes o toronto canada cancer ind tumors cured j no knife book free dr mcmichael no 3 kufinst butulo n y 9he- provident life and live stock assoc n chief office room darcade toronto canada incorporated a mutual benefit assoc solid i vestment- bvpiyiot to the abort a8ociiijuom2 cnf pgr d vy a person ajrid tent and two rants pr day a parson igri forty four can secure five djlura per week wo ill dtsaolad through sickness or ccident also for wo aid three wnt per dav persons aged m above cat secure for thif depeodans five hundred dollars i evnt of death i live stock owners can provide against lo by death throutm disease or accident of their stork 1 at easy rates ttnse interested send forprospectu u et reliable agents wanted in unrepresented dis tricts william j03e3 managing director halladay standard windmills for supplying consantlv pure and freah water for tht following purpotet viz they arc pumping water for stock farm buildings mansions villa residences public iustitut ons girdens green h uses town village waterworks h tels colleges pumping f jr railway s at ions fire protection irrigation tanneries breweries sewage mines draining low linds thee c le- brated wind mills ere made from one man to fcr yhorsepow nt4b10 pump co toronto ont canada mention this pape beaver jun ste 8alltok weekly between moytreix and livekrool saloon tick ts 10 850 and go keturo tickets so 90 and 110 aocorulng to htcatuer and accommodation intermediate 30 round trip tickets 60 steerage 20 apply to u tjilullli general manager canada ship ping co i custom iiocsk square mosimul or to lccal aeeota in all towns and cities keep up tour strength by tatung the great strength giver the only yvrolcsht irox sccllnnnl vbecl mlml 11111 made strong durable aud power f ul never wai bown down super ior to all others both geared and for pumping do not invest money in a perfectly con- trollaheingaet and nuiuxm in ppeed geared ml t torch ff cutting rrct pulpinc threshing saw ingwood grind ing corn eta etc also manu facture rs of feed grindrahajlr g itools inn ana wood pumps and afullllneof railway ton farm andorna- mental water jsupply materi als catalrcue n4 price list wttn references mailed free oo pplicatlon to wooden mill when an iron mill can be purchased aa cheaply will give one at wholesale prle where they are not represented war ranted for two ye rs write now for price hat tms ad may not appear again in this papqr aobsts wantkd address j artley marbtlale ont chatham fanning mills sold with or with out the bagger 1700 now in uee 1500 of these mills have bren sold this season lreadvthey willb exhibited at all the leadlnfbf sirs toronto ottawa kingston hamilton and london ensurpsse8 all others in the mar- vet t not buy until you get ray irculars ana infor mation ourpat- nt bagging appar atus paves time and labor will bag go tr so bushels per hour and can be attached t any ot the machine m1e by ill dur ing the last four yeas agents wante d manson campbell mahr chatham eireproof champions with upright or horizontal boilers 12 l6 20 25 suitable for all work and 30 hp l traction engines 12 16 and 20 horsepower strawburning engines for the northwest send for circular waterous engine works co brantford and winnipeg lonfebetation 2life toboitto 17scx1 sosezi oosxfasts over 3000000 assets and capital sib w p hovtlahd president yt c macimnizv 7m elilot e hooper j j k macdojoil