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lb pkg 63c os tint 5 for 100 29tt tin 2 for 29c 2 for 63c 3 for 31c 8 rolls 100 milk 2 49c ssaggggassggsssasageaaisgsggaggszaasaasgg wfr proud of our fine quaiity f0jj3 at your carload food mkt stouffvilje velvteta kraft cheese boston brown aylmer beans libbvs choice sliced beets aylmer choice tomatoes jelly powders purejc toilet tissue jug homo 55c plls deposit this weeks meat features fresh grade a ovev ready 11 lb i- wihu ch ickens tender lois pork chops maple leaf sweet pickled cottage rolls daisy risdless side bacon lb fresh sliced pork liver hamburg lb 31c lb 69c lb 51c pkg 59c lb 27c 3 lbs 100 grapefruit 10 for 69c cellopak tomatoes 2 pkgs 39c something every new thurs 6 pm to s pm hamburg 4 lbs 100 limit i lbs per person reg 45c lb save 80 store hours thursday till 9 pm friday till 10 pm open all day monday horsepower and what it costs the farmer prices effective wed sal jan 13 16 sssssssssssssssassssasssssasssssssssssssasassi just what do you know about horsepower horsepower is a word used dally by almost every body yet few very few people know what horsepower is and how it is estimated as we all know horsepower plays a very important part in the farmers life and work without it we would all be back in the days of pitchforks and spades the fist question is why is energy coming from a metal contraption called horsepower the famed inventor of the steam engine james watt was al one time faced with the prob lem of describing how much uork an engine can do and coined the word horsepower presumably because horses were the main source of power at that time watt defined horsepower as the amount of work done by a strong dray horse pulling a load of 150 pounds at the rate of 220 feet per minute all day the old time dray horses have long disappeared from the gene ral work scene in fact as we look around us we also realise that the steam engine has been replaced by the diesel and gas oline power units yet the term horsepower is still with us and there is no indication that a bet ter term will replace it every truck tractor and car in the country has one or more horse power ratings why is this pol itic simple reason there are sev eral different kinds of horse power brake horsepower first brake horsepower is the asinstalled horsepower of the engine and is roughly equal to the horsepower as given by automobile manufacturers car manufacturers advertise gross engine horsepower this is the maximum power developed by the engine at sixty degrees air temperature atmospheric pres sure and optimum spark condi tions minus an allowance for the power consumed by the ex haust fan generator air cleaner water pump air conditioning etc the fan will take away two horsepower the starter lights and ignition another two hp the exhaust 15 horsepower etc when a car is actually in oper ation brake horsepower will be further decreased by 15 hp by the automatic transmission hp for the rear axle 12 hp for the rear tires 4 hp for the power brakes and 8 hp for the air conditioning indicated horsepower then there is what is some times called indicated horse power this is actually the power developed in the engines combustion chambers by the elect officers for crop improvement assoc 65 worsteds ftatveis tweeds twists teityleae blends in traditional and contemporary shades hundreds of cloths to choose from tailored to your individual measure in suits topcoats and sportcoats rex nash m to m clothing 64 up 20 to 50 off all mens and boys ready made suits overcoats sport jackets and all winter stock ignition and burning of the gas olineair mixture and is calculat ed from the formula plan 33000 in this formula the p represents the mean effective pressure in pounds per square inch the l is the length of stroke in inches while a equals the area of the piston in square inches and n equals the engine rpm friction horsepower much of the indicated horse power never reaches the wheels because of the friction in the engine and accessories which drains off some of the horse power this latter is known as friction horsepower friction horsepower is meas ured with a dynamometer which turns the motor and the amount of power required to turn the motor is equal to the friction horsepower rated horsepower rated horsepower is the basis for taxation in ontario this is arrived at by using the follow ing formula rated horsepower equal d d is the cylinder bore in inches n is the number of cylinders 25 is a constant established as a conservative rating for a four cycle engine at 1000 feet per minute piston speed in applying this fomula to an 8cylinder engine with a 3inch bore for example the bore squared is 9 this multiplied by 8 is 72 divided by 25 the answer is 288 this then is the rated horsepower thus a few simple facts should enable us to better under stand what we are dealing with as we sit on a tractor seat it should also enable us to do a better job of farming but there is still another as pect of the power unit that farm ers need to know it is how to estimate tractor costs a knowledge of power costs are useful in calculating custom charges and for the comparison of different models of tractors there are two groups of tractor power costs a basic costs and b operating costs it is most certainly advantage ous for ease of calculation to determine all costs on an hourly basis it has been estimated that a tractor kept in fairly good state of repair can be used for 10000 hours of operation before it is worn out interest repairs and deprecia tion can be regarded for this study as basic costs with regard to interest a charge of six per cent on one- half of the replacement value of the tractor is charged against the tractor each year the inter est charge compensates for the earning power of the money if it had been invested wisely or serves to meet the interest charges on money borrowed to buy the tractor overall a charge of eighty per cent of the replacement value of the tractor is made to cover the cost of repairs and labour that will go into the tractor during its lifetime this figure is based upon the records kept on gasoline tractors an interest charge is made on a yearly basis and is charged whether the tractor is used or not depreciation and repair charges are made on an hourly basis and therefore apply only when the tractor is in operation a charge for depreciation is made so that money will be available to replace the tractor by the time it is unfit for fur ther use in order to illustrate what basic costs mean and how they are arrived at we will study this example suppose your gasoline tractor has a replacement value of 3000 and it operates for about 600 hours per year and it is rated 30 hp at the drawbar interest charge per year 6100 x i x 33000 equals 90 interest charge per hour when operating 600 hours per year is s90 divided by 600 equals 015 depreciation during the life time of 10000 hours is 3000 depreciation per hour is thus equal to 030 depreciation therefore is equal to 180 600 hours of use x 030 repair costs during the life of the tractor 10000 hours is re garded as being so100 x 3000 of 2400 per hour of use this amounts to 021 and per year is 600 x 024 or 144 total basic costs for 600 hours use per year is equal to interest 9000 repairs 14400 depreciaiton 18000 totar 11400 basic costs per hour 660 hrs of use per year is 414 divided by 600 which equals 069 atha mrs nellie tran and mrs bound of markham had supper sunday evening with mr and mrs david tran mrs annie davidson from whitby and mrs a carruthcrs were supper guests with mr and mrs murray dunkeld on sunday evening mrs davidson is spending a few days with mr and mrs murray dunkeld mr and mrs james melton from burketon called sunday afternoon on mr and mrs el- lcs melton and family mr lornc lehman and little daughter leah 7 years old from london had dinner with mr and mrs norman lehman and family mrs reg strong and mrs spence from toronto spent last thursday with mrs carruthcrs and family mr allen lehman from whitby spent the weekend with mr and mrs grant wagg and david of stouffville its unfortunate that the symptoms of fatigue and of laz iness are practically identical the annual meetls of the ontario county soil and crop improvement associatio was held in the legion hall ux- bridge on wednesday january 6 1965 with approximately 100 farmers in attendance the meeting started at 1030 am with president harvey meek sandford in charge the report on the various pro jects carried out in 1964 were discussed by lynn fair agricul tural representative and har vey wright soils and crops specialist for this area and the various cooperators who iook part in the different tests and demonstrations during the year a very interesting program was carried out during the year 156 different farmers took an active part in one or more crop improvement projects this year tests and demonstration were carried out on a total of 129 acres prof w t ewen soil science department university of guelph addressed the meeting prof ewen emphasized the im portance of good pasture man agement through rotational grazing clipping fertilization etc he also emphasized the im portance of soil testing and sug gested that if the best results were to be obtained from soil testing then extreme care should be exercised in king the soil samples he also empha sized the importance of potash in preventing winter killing in alfalfa it was decided to hold the an nual seed fair and hay show again this year the detail re garding the place date and the program was turned over to the 1965 officers and directors the delegates to the annual soil and crop improvement convention to be held in the coliseum exhibition park to ronto on january 2729 are walter beath oshawa and charles hadden blackwater the election of officers and directors resulted as follows honorary president harvey meek sandford president walter beath oshawa 2 1st vicepresident charles hadden blackwater 2nd vicepresident albert hockley claremont 1 secretarytreasurer lynn fair oxbridge auditors clarence armstrong uxbridge ri ted croxall uxbridge 3 township directors east whitby elmer powell oshawa 1 whitby john batty brooklin 1 pickering cecil disney brooklin 1 uxbridge rae ewen uxbridge scott maustyn mcknight uxbridge 2 scugog clifford redman port perry 3 reach llovd smith port perry 2 brock william heron sunderland thorah clarence hewitt beav- erton 3 mara john speedie brechin 1 rama lawrence cooper washago 1 141 dogs destroyed last year a total of 141 unclaimed dogs in the twp of whitchurch were destroyed last year by the ca nine control officer ollie pellett of ballantrae this information was revealed at the first regular meeting of council on monday night mr pellett denied a charge by mrs allan middleton of lake wilcox that the officer had shown discrimination in issuing a total of three summonses against her while owners of other uncontrolled dogs were overlooked councillor jim smith noted that he had not deceived any preferred treatment since his dog 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