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ss Censorship Impedes tee Flow Of Same News Itz ASSOCIATED PRESS of the pressboth and indirecthas con to impede the free flow Mugln many parts of the la the last year Withholding of news at the proved to be the most obstacle encountered lIlagrters It was worst ln ualst countries where of sources rarely make yes available But bli acy made things difficult Western capitals such as Paris and Washington uh year Associated Press dents around the report on the status of Masorship and other con tain affecting the flow of across international ries WESTERN EUROPE rship at the source was strenuously in particularly in regard HELP WANTED DEARTIIIENT 0F NATIONAL DEFENCE 33mle CAMP BORDEN Ontario rticulnrsas to resi and qualification require wlt soc Posters on display Post Offices and the office heleational Employment forms available er Posters are displayed id should be filed with the Commission 25 if Clair Avenue East TORON l0 Ontario NOT LATER lliAN JANUARY 25 1952 hots Competition 62T547 AUTOMOTIVE SHOP FOREMAN sition open for man with echanical experience and lle operation Capable of patrolling flow of service lork and diagnosing trou le Good opportunity for an with initiative and am on Apply in writing lvmg as much detail as BOX NO 29 BARRIE EXAMINER MEN to work to daily gar cr wcck Apply to Box cmssxvr Salesman rnqulmd or large established Am in mm Excellent opportunity Ap ly in writing mung use and ex llrlnaca to Box 25 Barrie Exam rr Examiner EMPLOYMENT WANTED cAnE given to children In own home Monday to Friday ill cull Tclephono PA 61st usenear Nuns wunu work the day Hav refemnccs Telolt nnne PA Mm earn FOR Chlldrnn In my home Preferably between 15 of age Telephone PA M129 High School Gradual an employment wul Consider nythlng Apply to Box 25 nunl mminor pp sons Snow Shovelllng My mu rlnars Cleaned and men Walla Washed Windows exned or an miscellaneous Jobs rompt service Vpflirrronabln rum Telephone PA to developments on tho Alger ian revolt and efforts to resolve it by negotiation In Algeria It self offidnls withheld lnforma Lion unless it suited their pur pose to release it Foreign corA respondents were warned they laced danger of expulsion if they carried interviews with former Gen ltaoul Salon or any member of tho secret army opposing President dc Gaullss Algerian policy Spains domestic press re mained under strict censorship but some signs of more li beral policy appcnred when newspapers were permitted for the first time to report such items as the imprisonment of senior Franco government of ficial for corniptlon in office or trials of Basque nationalists for antiFranco activities For eign correspondents in Madrid can file dispatches freely but are often called on the carpet by government officials for stories published abroad In West Germany all shades of political opinion except Com munlst found expression in tho newspapers Communist publi cations remained banned EASTERN EUROPE The Soviet Union abolished direct censorship on Western reporters and they were able to pick up telephone and call their offices or cabio their dis patches unchecked Responsi bility censorship remained Some correspondean were nt tucked in the Soviet press for their manner of reporting Sumo American French and Italian newspaper men were warned they faced expulsion unless they changed their reporting In another form of pressure the Moscow correspondent for the Paris newspaper Figaro was sent home not because of what he had written but be cause of what his newspaper had published Removal of direct censorship did not transform the Soviet Union into any kind of open society Correspondents were still walled off from almost all direct contact with news sources especially high level ones But Western reporters ln Mos cow could wrlte freely about touchy subjects such as inter nal politics and relations with Peking Censorship was still in force for Soviet reporters and those from Communist bloc countries The Soviet press re mained under tight control There was no direct censor ship of foreign newspaper men in Hungary but they could be expelled if they displeased the gnvemmcnt Poland continued to permit Western newspaper men more freedom of action than enloycd in other Communistbloc coun tries but they were held re sponsible for their dispatches under threat of being expelled for violating vaguely defined ground rules set up by the gov eminent AFRICA In general the countries of Africa have no formal censnr ship but there are disturbing developments in some of the newly independent countries Senegal requires foreign ro porters in Dakar to submit dls patches for reading by offl clals prior to transmission Thus far there have been no reported deletions Ghana took strong exception to correspondents who incurred displeasure of government offl ciala Three British correspond ents and one American were helgbtcncd No of the British reporters were ordered out of the country THE MIDDLE EAST Censorship either acknow lodged or hidden pmvsilod in every Middlo East muntry It was miidost in Lebanon and toughest in lraq The AP correspondent In Iran was punished by loss of filing privileges for week because he insisted upon sendingwbst he personally witnessed in demonstraJrn in which injuries were suffered by strikers Only officially announced and strictly ro utln items come through the Iran censorship Censors no longer occupied chairs to the editorial rooms of Cairo newspapers but the gov ernrnent exercised absolute con trol over the domestic press Dispatches of foreign cone spondentx were subjected to blind ccnsorsbip The military government maintained tough censorship In Sudan while the situation in Syria since it split with tho United Arab Republic was con fused dispatches were held up for hours In Israel all copylntcnded for local publication or for transmission abroad was sub fact to military censorship which could delcte items for so called security reasons Foreign correspondents got free hand in Turkey LATIN AMERICA Times of turmoil invariably bring censorship to Latin Amor ica and 1961 was no exception Both Brazilian and foreign newspaper men got taste of it when former president Jonio Quadros closed down radio sta tions and sought to intimidate critical and nonsubservient press He threatened to expel fo reporters and close their offices Responsibility rship in Chile where Chilean correspondent for Time magazine was jailed four days on govemmeht charges that he wrote stories published by Time that were harmful to the coun trys security and reputation The charges eventually were dropped Argentina remained free of censorship restrictions but one weekly was closed and the edi tnr jailed on chorges that he instigated his readers against the government Colombia Ecuador Panama Mexico Venezuela Costa Rica were among countries where free pressppernted Foreign correspondents filed freely from the Dominican Re public after the overthrow of the Trujillo regime Cuba exercised iron control over all newspapers maga zines radio and TV stations Outgoing news was under se Vere censorship During antl Castro riots starting in front of churc correspo dents were cut off from the rest of the world for three days in September Western Cables considered harmful to the Cuban revolution were stopped at the cable otfice Changes were made In copy without informing correspond ents Until two months agotha word Communist was disused to Socialist Transmission of pictures by wire was not per mltted SOUTHEAST ASIA The censorship situation brightened somewhat In South east Asia where determined group of editors in Burma forced the government to relax its restrictions After series of arrests and one shutdown the press struck back in November in Nov all Rangoon newspapers and some in the provinces carried Identical stories under Identical bannarllacs Repaid legws rsonsl spite res ct re om lifetho press Go the next day the newrpapers came out with blank editorial columns Premier Nu quickly prom Iced repeal of long standing restrictive prul laws The newspapers promised more responsible press under self poiicing action by committeo of Journalists In Laos the pro Western rightwing government of Prince Bonn Oum lifth can sorshlp on foreign correspond ents that had been erratic and inconsistent rather than rigor nus Malays Japan India and the Philippines enjoyed freedom of the press In Indonesia all newspapers and news agencies were under absolute govern control that was sometimes capricious While there was little direct censorship foreign correspond ents were required to file an extra copy of all dispatches Cambodia did not censor out going dlspatches but foreign newspaper man found govern ment officials reluctant to talk In South Viet Nam new government public relations pol icy permitted more freedom for foreign correspondents Strict government controls re mained on Thailands press but there was no direct censorship of outgoing dispatches Pakistan did not censor out going dlspntches but under the martial law regime the govem ment held strong powers to regulate the press Treosone nus publication can bo pun lshed by death but such se verity was not applied The editors exercised strict selfcen sorship and little criticism of the government appeared In Afghanistan foreign corre spondents were free to cable what they wished Ceylon operated under state of emergency proclaimed last April All outgoing dispatches required initialing by censor Only two Western correspond ents were stationed in Red China The threat of expulsion hung over their heads if they filed report dlspleaslng to the Communist regime Few corre Spondents were granted entry visas for shortterm stays The Nationalist Chinese gov ernment on Formosa did not censor outgoing dispatches but efforts were made to control news at the snurce Now ItsMoscow Bourgeoisie Who Dont Like The US Image By PRESTON GROVER MOSCOW AP This snowy capital enters 1962 in sombre mood about foreign and motor domestic questions but relativ cbarged with sending obnox Ious and tendentious reports BUSINESS SERVICE DIRECTORY Ask About Low Rates By Month or Year Telephone PA 32414 thonoucs ANONYMOUS FACED WITH nibblch PROBLEM Perhaps AA Can Help wnrrs no BOX 501 HOME PA some APPLIANCE SERVICES lONYS APPLIANCE AND TV SERVICE firmhour service l47fDUNLOP ST iPA 61 142 CARPENTRY NEW HOMES mud lling shingling porches ecrea all rooms 47 plate trimming to houses and garages BRUCE CAMERON PA coon rill GRAVEL TOP son smite TANKS roman gating and Grading Water pellvery Crushed stone PAINTING AND PAPERHANGING EDWARD SMITH AND SON Painting and Paper Hanging Spray Painting Service Since 1920 RR Harris PILE DRIVING PILE DRIVING CALL US Lake Simcoe Maintenance Services PHONE LEFROY 171 REFRIGERATION HOOD REFRIGEMTION SERVICE Domestic Commercial Airconditioning 31 PRATT STREET PHONE PA 61578 SNOW PLOWING SERVICE Show Removal Driveways Parking Lots Cleaned irucked if necessary also WATER DELIVERY ED TAYLOR PA 68317 PA 66956 ely relaxed and easy about the future of Soviet man Right now hate America campaign is being whipped up which finds expression not only in governmental actions and In the controlled press but in the worried public attitude toward Americans The last is hard to document but ordinary Rus sians themselves now say that the trouble with the United States is deeper seated than they behaved even few months ago Antagonism toward Ameri cans ia slowly increasing But again this is sensed by Amet ieana here there are rarely any antagonistic acts against Amer Icans as such The names of the two cosmo nauts Yuri Gngarln and Gbor man Titov are kept almost con atontiy before the public either through reports from visits or frequent appear ances at public meetings HAPPY THEYRE The Russians are happy theyre ahead in the space race and they have suprmnc confi dence that the next big achieve ment in this field will be Rus sian not American It might be flight around the moon or three men in orbit around the earth It makes for happy con versation among Russians and permits sharp jihcs at Ameri cans They laugh at cartoons teasing American monkey cos monauts Here and there are few complaints that the space pro gram ls costing billions of rub les which might be better spent on houses Yet few more apartments and rooms show up year ago it was only statis tics You rnrely sow anyone who knew somebody who had moved Into new apartment Now occasionally you do And in sports tho Russian feel theyre leading the world Valery Brumel has highjumped his way into world record his tory Soviet track and field teams have beaten the United States although its women nth letes who pile up the deciding points The Russians cant play tup callbro tennis and there isnt golf course In the Soviet Union but they are tops in such devo tional sports as gymnastics and weight ll ti Their soccer teams rampage around Europe Asia and South America and they frequently win But life remains drab for most Soviet citizens Theatres and movie houses are every where and theyre jommcd There oer queues for tickets They talk more about foreign movie starsthan about Russia ones There were 1300 new plays produced last year throughout the Soviet Union Mikhail Shok alov author of Quietly Flows tho Don said most of them were dead dn arrival MR WELL LIKED Then there is Khrushchev The Soviet premier may not be liked in the United States but be is well liked here Yet he raised old and partly dormant fears when he talked openly about the crimes of the late pre mier Stalin Many Russians somehow felt it was somebody else not Stalin who was killing all thnse people To lay the murders at the door of man so long held up as major national hero has causedshock We talk about that lot now said one Russian who conceded the Russians dont even trust each other One thing persists The over age Russian feels that somehow ihera wont he war They cant imagine that the United States would risk war in the face of the certain destruction that Khrushchev guarantees It does not seem true they believe tha US can hit bbck as hard ll PUP FOR THE Prime lillnister Dlefenbnker and Mrs Dlefenbaker ploy with golden Labrador retrelv er pup given to the prime minister as Christina gilt Call For ORAN APlVlrtunlly pow crlcss and infiltrated by agents of right wing terrorists tho Punch nd ion pleads for help and ya for miracle in Algerias sccor city Oran city of 400000 Is no longer controlled by the offi ciols sheltered in government buildings guarded by tor ay guns of riot troops Tile Secret Army Organiza tion of right wing French ex tremists reigns In European quarters The Algerian rebels National Liberation Frontthe FLN dominates the liloslcm areas surrounded by cordons of French troops Death by terrorism strikes an average of five times day in Oran Tho Moslcms fight will daggers pistols and gren odcs the Europeans with plas tic bombs and machineguns OFTEN SPARKS RIOT Frequently Moslem attack sparks European riot and the lynching of any Moslem found in the path of tbo surging crowd French authorities believe the Iiloslem rebelsmtend to in crease thcir terrorism in Oran apparently fearing the creation of European stronghold that would rst Alrias inderend ence The rebel governr catin exile announced that meeting in Morocco this week that it taking new measures to combat the secret army The authorities ask for more troops to halt the dis and expected European re venge But few officials believe that major blood bath can be avoided This is going to be worse than The Congo said French administrator Only handful of officials in the modernistic towering prelt fecture building overlooking the city are considered loyal to the government We are surrounded by agents of the secret army an official said HELP UNDERGROUND Authoritics estimate that 98 per cent of the citys 200000 Europenns co operate in one way or another with the right wipg underground MOS Europeans appear EOB vineed that it is their resistance which so far has blocked the establishment of therebel re gime inAlgeria At this stage French adminis trators doubt that any reasorl able soiution can be found in Oran We no longer control this city said police officer while telephone calls reported terror ist attacks No European dares to walk into Moslern areas Only few Moslems are seen walking along Stilton Law On Habituals Law Men Say By DON HANRIGHT OTTAWA CPA stiffer law to cope with habitual criminals is being advocated in some quarters of the justice depart ment The aim is to make more use of the indefinite sentence and thus break the vicious circle in which scares of hardened crim inals have become notorious re peaters in prison serving rel atively short sentences nndthen committing another crime It is argued here that the in definite imprisonment of such men subject to annual review for parole would give society more protection ltlwould be squarely up to the convict either to change his ways or perhaps spendthe rest of his life in custody This is daring arglmlent Many lawyers and jurists are known to oppose it vehemently They say ltls insidious to dclt prive man of hlsilherty with out fixing specific penalty for his crime CHANGE unfunny Daspitp this tho and for PRIME INITEB It is hoped that the up nam ed Happy will soon able to accompany llr Dlefenbalrer on his morning walks CP Photo Powerless French Help In Violent Oran the walls of European quarters covered by posters wlttl the head of fugitive former Geo Raoul Salan chief of the secret army The two ethnic groups are leaving fringe areas in panic Segregation is becoming more and more pronounced in the city European construction work ere refuse to work on sites near lifoslem quarters lfaslem news paper vendors are being re placed by European boys in the heart of Oran nucks loaded with troops watch over the seeming city Fatigue and apath show on the faces of the soldiers hull EXAMINER TUESDAY JANUARY ll nu WM HandbookvOn Fallout Shelters Leaves Many Frustrated By HAROLD MORRISON WASHINGTON lCPlA long awaited government guidebook on how to survive nuclear war through fallout sheltersappclrs to have left large segment of the American public fm trnted and unhappy Critics maintain that after amusing the country to the needof protection against possible holocaust President Kennedy has presented tho pub lie with dull uninspired as semblage of old information useless to those who live In potential bombblast areas clergyman says the bongo booklet on fallout protection fails to dramatize tho horror of nuclear war newspaper says the booklet language lacks sense of urgency And scion tist adds the flvemegotunbomb example used in the booklet is unrealistic since Russia maln tnlns it has for bigger ones on Its arsenal one of the sure things of 1962 says the crystalgazing Balti more Sun is that masses of Americans are not going to storm post offices demanding their copy of the booklet The Sun says Kennedy must have concluded nuclear war Is not Imminent FEELS ADEQUATE In contrast the federal clvll defence office which is dis tributing 25000000 copies of the booklet feels the case for the fallout shelter has bcen som brely and adequately stated it confirms that on earlicr draft written by team of profcs sinnal writers had been ditched because it was too vivid but It denies the pamphlet is in any way designed to replace anxiety by complacency The trouble says one of flclnl is that many pcopla think fallout is the same no bombblast If nuclear bomb hits your area directly all can say ls Pray We thought we made this clear in the guide where we said the areas of blast and fire we would be scenes of havoc dov utation and ninth and that the experience would he terrible geyood imagination and dump on we used the flvornegston bomb equivalent to 50000 tons of TNT an illustration because this Is the kind of weapon that might be used We know Russia fier bomb of about 55 mcgntons and that it claims to have bomb of NO megstons but thcro is no proof Russia can fire sucb bombs across oceans Perhaps the greatest frustra tlonto the individual any liv lng in Washington New York Chicago or other major target area is that the booklet vir tually writes off tho bombblast area as complete human loss REJECTS EVACUATION It dismisses evacuation as taking too long emphaslxcs there is little likelihood that pill or any other type of med icine will be developed to pro tect people against fallout radic tinn and gives no evaluation of whether deep heavily rcinA forced ground shelters could mitigate the impact of direct hit Rather li concentrates on areas which would not be hit but might suffer from tho don ger of fallout drifting from tho devastated area it recommends community shcltcra where pos sible conceding that In rural areas family shelters may be the only fenslblo solution If war ever comes and sth iers are provided the individual will know Bread is still edible even when mouldy suur milk is drinkable Fruits and vegetables with rotton spots cut out are safe to out if they have been exposed to fallout wipe wash and peel them disposing of washwater and pcclings out side the shelter If it ever comes down to It animal pet food can be eaten by humans without harmin an emergency Quebec Takes Look At Church And State MONTREAL CPI Quebec intellectuals are taking new look at the problem of reader ing unto God and unto Caesar In book on church stale relations LEgUse et Is Quebec tlbe Church and Quebec eight contributors find that Quebecs solution needs to be modified and adapted to radically changed situation The contributors all Roman Catholics are three priests four professors and lawyer They are in broad agreement that the role of the civil power in the two centuries since the British conquest has been mndest one After the conquest the French Canadian people found themselves without secu lar institutions of any kind ex cept those of an alien power It fell to the Roman Catholic church to build the necessary framework in oil the broad do mains of social and economic activity SEEK NEW LINE They note however that se cular institutions notably the Quebec government have since been born and matured As result people were looking to day for the proper dividing line between the duties and preroga tives of the church and of the civil power or more precisely since Quebec is overwhelmingly ofitbe Roman Catholic faith between those of the clergy and of the laity LEgilse et Is Quebec is the work of eight men who pre sented papers at the 1961 con ference of lInstitut Canadian des Affaires Publlques in Ste Adele Que Theme of the con ference was the churchs role in French Canadian society The contributors are Rev Vln cent Harvey and Rev Gilles Belanger of the University of Montreal Abbe Louis ONeill of Laval professors Vianney De carie and Bertrand Rioux of lhe University of Montreal Fer nand Dumont of Laval and Laurier LaPIerra of McGlil and Montreal lawyer Marc Lalondan tightening up the has been carried Minister Fulton There has been no indication of his or the gov ernments views however and observers say it is unlikely any changes will be proposed to the new session of Parliament The statistical story During the year ended March 31 1960 latest for which figures are available 3403 persons were sent to penitentiary and 1525 of them had been there at least three times before Forty of those personsone of thema womanhad more than 20 previous convictions Meatynine others hpd it to20 previous convictions total of 140 had been in custody ii to times before and 490 had six to 10 previous committals Yet nono of these criminals over had been convicted or oven tried its habitual crim lnal charge whicb carries penalty of preventiVe detention ln effect life imprisonment noblest to reform gt Prof Rioux says the church although officially from the state in Quebec has been led by history and cleri cal ideoingy Into exercising an camnous responsibility fortbc functioning of all social struc tures such as those of educa tion lobar public welfare and the cooperative movement TOO FEW LAYMEN The real significance of the current anti clericailsm he says is not that it wants to des troy anything but that it wants to put some vitality into Que becs whole scheme of social or ganization The clergy dis tracted by too many mundane tasks had been hampered in their spiritual mission of saving souls and too few laymen had been prepared to take their place in doing the work of this world Prof Decarle says the tradi tional philosophy of education in Quebec has insisted upon the rights of parents and the church to the exclusion of those of the state even to the point of op posing the free education that only the state can underwrite People who the states action in introducing free education last year forgot he says that such education is part of the Catholic tradition The Third Lateran Council decreed in 1179 that the right to learn cannot be refused to anyone who is capable of being taught Prof Decarie says much of the difficulty in education is be ing caused by the lingering ac tion that the replacement of the clergy as teachers and admin istrators means Catholic values will no longer exercise any in fluence or inspiration CARDINALS SUPPORT This notion has been repudi ated nevertheless byno less figure than Paul Emile Car dinal Leger under whose re form minded leadership the clerical character of tho social structure In being moderated and tho lalty is beginning to come into ltl own The cardinal in his rocenlly published Pastoral Reflections on our Education wrote that to reduce the church to its bishops and priests alone to bo Iieve that it Is necessary to wear the cassock or some other ecclesiastical vestrnant to be partofthochurcblsto weaken the church and to mis understand its dimensions Loy men are also the church Abbe ONeill says it is ele mentnry realism for the state to take into account the position of the Catholic church particu larly if the church occupies an important place among the people as whole That is why in place like Quebec where the church is everywhere and plays predominant role in the life of society it would be un realistic to want the politicians to act as if they were unaware of it or to consider it as just one religious group among others NO EASY FORMULA Arrangements between the church and the civil power however were usually com promises in constant need of readjustment do not he lleve that any Ideal formula ex ists These arrangements had to vary according to the country its circumstances and themon tality oi thepeople Thus the case of Spain cannot be that of the United States Abbe ONeill says the churchs right of intervention in tem poral affairs to protect spiritual and moral values does not mean that the clergy should run tem poral institutions The penerra tion of these values into the life of society is normally accom plished by laymen acting as Christians foithtdmotrmony hashemmnctvod ED