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ing water is the most important tactor in producing good quality concrete Wat3r performs two functions It reacts with the cement to produce bonding action It permits thoroug and easy placing The actual amount of water nec essary for good workability of con crete is about twice the amount required for the cementing action iftoo little water is used com plete mixing is difficult and the concrete cannot be placed propr erly The final product would then be porous and weak The danger of adding too much water If too much water is added the aggregate particles may become separated The mixture will be easy to mix and place but the concrete after hardening will be inferior becauise Strength will be lowered and the material will not be water tight The reason for this is that there may not be enough cement ing substance to fill the increased space between the aggregated parti cles Later drying out leaves large interconnected spaces which make the material porous Con ercte made with too much water tends to be destroyed by freezing and thawing as it is relatively porous and absorbs water readily Any excess vvater trapped in the shortlists EXTERIOR 8t INTERIOR Flowlite Satin Wall Finishes 000 Phone 2429 mixing trill Ff bowlshaped llama gives affidavit tool soringlmt transfer Why keep on fussing with thirsty old style oil burner or troublesome coal fireThe Vortex oil burner with exclusivewhirling bowlshapcd flame gives you steady auto matic heat and real fuel economy Users report up to 30 oil savings against previous burners Quickly and easily installed in your present boiler or furnace Come in and see the Iron Fireman VOR TEX oil burner or phone for free literature ontsrow nuan aroma unnro 8084 Dunlap St West BARBIE Phone 13770 lilo noeolirsaltnationsnho oconomical way gooIrryounsctrl ltsE easier thonyou think lots of ion something to lie Viproudioi and1011 SlWflBfllithlIY lLANS ARE AVAILABLE armor rulth For aromas SCREENS capnoanns aTTIfcs sun RECREATION ROOMS WE SHALL BE HAPPY To HELP YOU CHOOSE 31 nr PAYMV ghealthierlplace inWhicltttiliye Limiting romances oun DEFERRED PAKMENT PLAN CLOWINTEEEST RATES on o24MONTns IN wnionaifrriyg so basswood barn or APP You mass or CARPENTER T0 canny canyons wonK A1310 macaroni monomers tom monogram THE BARBIE EXAMINER MONDAY APRIL 12 lost on the materialneeded to make your Lhontejaihappier HEIRST wrsnwn CAN assassination 6211 Controlled Mixing Of Water Important For Quality Concrete Controlling the amount of mix concrete will when frozen pro duce an expansion which may rup ture the material The possibility of shrinkage on drying is increased and may re sult in cracking of the concrete This is particularly true of ex posed surfaces Tamping of soupy mix may cause some of the excess water t0 rise to the top along with much of the liner material This be haviour is known as bleeding The surface is weakened and when it dries it will dust easily This condition is particularly undesir able in concrete floors The water present in the aggre gate at the time of mixing must be taken into account Sand that is moderately moist already contains about 20 per cent of the water required in the mix formula It is therefore very im portant that the aggregate be judged as to whether it is Wet moderately moist or dry The necessary adjustments of the water to be added to the mix can be est imated from the information shown later in this article It is also important that the mois ture in the sand isunlformly dis tributed If the surface of the sand pile is drier than the inter ior it should be well mixed before use This is especially impdrtant on small jobs when volume batch ing is used The correct amount of water to be used is specified in the mix formula Do Not Change It Except As Indicated below good mix is mushy enough so that it can be placed easily When sufficiently compacted water should be present to fill the spaces not occupied by cement and aggre gate particles The amount of water required for this will vary with the sand grading cement conI tent and the relative proportions of sand and aggregae used All owance is made for this in the socalied water cement ratio on important guide for the concrete engineer It is usually calculated was the ratio of water to cement by weight For example if 10 lb of water are mixed with 20 lb or cement the Watercement ratio is 050 onehalf This corresponds to about 13 gallons of water per sack o£cement which is more convenient form of the cement ratio For ordinary jobs gallons of water per sack of com cat are used The mixing water specified in the table on page 16 should be maintained The only conditions under which it canb varied slightly arezwhere the co crete must be placed in locations where compacting is difficult and where sand grading or some other factor is such that good workabil ity cannot be obtained by vary ing the sand or stone content Points to remember about water in concrete Water must be free is satisfactory for concrete OF CEMENT as sp mix you choose Estimate the per sack of cement adjustments in sand and stone Corrections For Moisture In The Aggregate If sand Dust dryadd cent Moderately mois For cannon Residential and Industrial Wiring Repair Work Lighting Fixtures tonal SS waterj about four mpurities ifwater is fit to drink DO NOT CHANGE THE AMOUNT OF WATER PER BAG ecified in the moisture in the aggregate and make the necessary reductionin the amount your add 41a the trial batch does not have the right workability make gallon extra water per sack of cementand de crease volume of sand byZo per tuse amounts given in the table such sand con lleoentloltlo airman work call Tree Roots In Downspouts and Tiling Solution trees roots can ex tend below the ground tor many febt and in their search forwater are attracted to drain tiles When in downspouts roots can be clean ed out with mechanical or elec trical snakes on chemicals Roots can also extend to the drain tile which runs parallel with the base of the foundation The only way of reaching these is to excavate its even possible that tree roots have invaded the main storm sewer and this again may involve digging up and replacing it they cannot be cleaned by snakes or chemi cals It is advisable to do away with treeSwith troublesome roots Avoid planting trees near founda tion wallsand sewer lines Condensation Symptoms waterforming on cold water pipes beads of water on walls Solution in spring and summer warm moist air coming in con tact with cooler basement walls of water pipes causes moisture in air to condense You can elimin tains about four 1b of water per cu ft Very wetuse one gallon less crease volume of sand by five to 10 seven lbs of water per cu ft aggregate is usually too small to require correction in the mixing water Volumes and Weights 0f Materials sack pertland cement equals 87 lbsapprox cu 11 cuftof sand or gravel equals 85 to 100 lb untamped for distentirlaurr conchco waitLs ounvspiwaus iBLAIS maman diameter tieSileaw smal teasilynilled sholes Awsn annotations on gm BASEMENT DAMPNESS water per sack of cement and in per cent Such sand contains about Moisture variation in the coarse Minimum Pointing Smart no Handling Uniform izs 1ishlweiglt1units stick rm iffieodymix concrete Monufodur Willlltltl none Limited m1 YeaWan ate this condensation by properly ventilating the basement Try to eliminate this condensation by win dow ventilation at night Or in stalia good dehumidifier Shrinkage of Concrete Flam Symptoms water appears where floor meets wall Solution Concrete shrinks as it sets and may leave separation crack where the floor meets the wall This crack should be cut out to pth of three inches and filled wit waterproofed mastic to prevent the entrance of water Poorly Constructed Floors Symptom water oozing through floor Solution Sometimes concrete floors are this and inadequate and are not built according to re cognized standards In such cases usually it is advisable to break up the old floor with sledge ham mer This makes good founda tion Then lay new four inch thick floor made of waterprooféd cement making sure ample head mom is provided These tips provided through cour tesy of Practical Builder Magazine DESlGNOFTHEMONTH lust off the architects draughting table andastrosh as Spring itself mo is now twobedroom bungalow wh ch should prove popular with many families planning home own oiship iny1952 Ottawa architect Dixon has do signed the house for economical construc tion and the utmost in living comfort The interesting treatment of the front of the house with its lug window areas high lighted by flower box for colour ensures its suitability for construction in any locality The dimensions of the house exclud ing the garage are 36 feet by 23 feet tout inches and the floor area is 828 square feet The cubic measure is 16145 cubic feet excluding the garage Working drawinfifor this plan known as Design 113 are available at minimum cost from Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation at VIII IM mr mf storage unit providing space for the storage of record albums magazines stationery and writing implements and the many miscellaneous odds and ends that will accumulate in thevliving quarters of even the mast conscientious of housekeepers Resting on frame of 2x4s faced with 151 inch fir plywood and set back three inches from the face of the cabinet to provide toe room the storage unit has top bottom sides doors and partitions jot inch fir plywood and is backed with sheet of 144 inch material totake which the back edges of the frame should have 1A inch rabbet Shelves should also be recessed lq inch at the back for the same reason The lropjics May Be Moving North But 205 Below is Still Cool Will Canadians ever see tropical flowers blooming in their gardens in January can we soon expect to see Floridians coming north for the winter Will furnaces be come valuable antiques Well according to reports from some meteorologists we are pass ing through warm cycle and may expect increasingly warmer temperatures for some years to come But to those who are optim istically planning to close down their home heating system fOr the lasttimethis Spring comes sug gestion from the Canadian Inst itute of Plumbing andHeating Dont Warm cycle in the terminology of the weather man may merely mean that on those days wherethe titer ometer hit 22below this year it lonly go as low as 26bglow nettt winter theAInstitute points outAnd 20 below is still pretty cool Ask gthe traffic cop on any street corner Helltelll you gSo even if Canadadid stand chanceof having tropical winters about the year 3000 the Institutes advice to householders for1954 is to prepare themheating system as usualfor nextvwiriter gt And here are few tips on bed ding downthe system for the sum mer First of all of course clean out any ashes that may be left in the grate ashpit Smoke pipes should be taken down and cleaned inside apd out If you dontiyoure ask ing for dirty corroded pipes next Fall Deterioration in smoke=pipes can be more than inconvenient It can be downright dangerous Dirty or corroded smoke pipes are fine hazard that can easily be avoided by removing them in the Spring inspecting them for weak spots cu ft plain concrete equals NO to 155 it cu ft water equals 62 lb imperial gallon of water equals lb 015 cu ft US gallon equals 083 imper ial gallons Build Your Own Mdsic Nook fastened with nails and glue Working parts for the radio unit can of course he transferred direct from an outmoded cabinet and built into drawer that pulls out for easy servicing The radio speaker should be firmly mounted on fir ply wood panel and covered with any fabric that matches the scheme of interior decoration Simply fold the fabric over the edges and fasten it out of sight on the back of the panel with glue and tacks Mount the base of the record player on standard ballbearing slides to pull out when the cab inet door is opened as shown in the detailed sketch in the accomp anying drawing Particularly popular with every housewife who has sought vainly for convenient corner in which to stow card tables where they will be out of the way when not in use is the card table storage box which forms stand for the radiophono graph cabinet in this spacesaving combination The roller at the base is easily made from hardwood dowel mounted on screws that ro tate in small metal bearings that Builtin storage unitshave prob ably contributed more to the gen eral comfort convenience and good looks of the modern home than any US bag or cement equals 94 other single innovation of recent lb approx cu ft years p131 byorfliggugivirsrigherb aihiiig We fail fin lflghlslslmng easilywar ug as ir ywoo Research National Regearm coun theircleancut lines and smart fin oil and was prepared by SWenson of the Building Materials 15h glve add d1tmcuon all1 contemporary interior Section The next article From the prairtical point of view will deal with the prop their adaptability to every home of materials storage problem is source of con stant delight to the harried house wife To the man of the house they offer an outlet for his natural bent for tinkering and an opportunity to add considerably to the value of his property at minimum expense in materials and time There is not aroom in the house that could not be made more live able as well as mere attractive with the help of Douglas fir plywood builtins andta typical example is the simple uncluttereddesign for combination radiophonograph ca binet and allpurpose storage unit shown here Siiitable for living room den or bladrooin it consists essentially of thitee rectangular box can be easily cut from Winch pipe es of 3tinch fir plywood with Completing the combination is corners mitred or plainbutted and the highly practical allpurpose 10 in this series ortioning Simple Forms are joined tied and sprEad by sim tple sturdy device in our operation ilelexible rams lock on any side allowing use for any wall height No Spreaders Loopend ties hold both ways with out washers or waders iEew Wers Ties anchor to formsnotwa1erslllalers optional dor aligrnnent Strong Heavy concrete pressure saiely contained by ibeam action design STRIPPIISG Quick Release Wedges easily removed No prys or bars required Easy PullAway Ties go bemoantorms ThuspanJ els may be removed with ouftr obstruction Clean Finish Tight vfitting panels provide smooth true walls Thats mighty solid house this chap hasgptten together but perhaps it would have been more practical if he hadcoir sulted us before he started to build If you arelplann Ving tohuild we can help you togavoid forgetting es sentials which make the house comfortable lt Are you antic have forgotten something Drive onto town to picker service oraihoneoollect sh ud sonzz us is INSWICK to Battle on fliwy No it 11 151115 Siltmu lilltitotl l5 QMIlcsSou Boom woman we aunsmétsdc groom gawk