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"r. `IXRER ...THE... v'1`5H UR-SDAY, APRIL 23, 7|'.V.n Id-LC! Ull- 2. Keep all animals out of the pastures. ,,____ _.!....Z.... .-.l Isaac: :o0(\fV`I` Our 11 L5` 1 Art} Banie ved, "Oh. Orc Ih; lmhu yqasunyun J 3. Remove colonies of bees from their winter quarters on a calm, dry day, when the temperature is 60 to 70 degress Fahr. Weigh every col- ony, giving those short of stores a frame of well-sealed honey. ,,j Epuh `"H<' `sted. lomc x \. `\ PM akcn told OHCC, only Branches throughout Canada, A GENERAL BANK]! pg; 2121 ight :\\fh` Tm: mum`. Ag been gnath *`\\x-'11, jwzwv v----__, BANK! NG BUSINESS" TRANSACTED lat, rand s{t-ati and sum .11! y .ut A11` {X In t Llalllb \JL vvwaa uuwaux. .......J. 4. -Clean up around the house and barns, removmg all rubbish; ` A` - -4---__ 1.. Ad LL.-. )1 Y LICII Il, lwllnvvnnnb --- -----_.. .,. 5. As soon as the snow is off the ground, spread all manure that has been drawn during the winter, whe- ther ready to plow or not. '1 -L __--....-_ ..-1. -.-v- -.._ 6. See that all water courses are open; open furrows to let any water o the elds that can best be let off that way. I 1 WW. 1---- .... . Do not work heavy loam. or clayey soils when they are wet and cold; if you do so they will bake, and a good crop cannot be expected. IIVI __!1 -_ -.. n.:Jn`\1o 0- suuu. wavy vuq--.-v- ..- ___..__ 8. When the soil is in suitable condition, do not lose a. minute. Early seeding gives the best results. 9. Sow the best seed procurable. IO. `Sow clover with every crop of grain, excepting peas. It is thel cheapest fertilizer. . . , , L._.___ __I wgnvuruyw -v..- ~___. II. Sow wgeat, oats and barley onl fa11-p1owed land, and prepare it thor- oughly in spring before sowing. v/I Carl nlnurnrl in any-{no ehnnlrl V Fowuoboouuuoowwoouwoouwououuonoooooo ` Ougmy 111 apnug ucnuxc auvuug. l 12. Sod, plowed 1n sprmg, should be planted with corn, potatoes or. -`Ann . Das. yuan- I3. Gather surface stones from the meadows, and roll the land as soon a dry enough to carry without cutting the sod. " ` 14. Look after the brood sows.` See that they have a warm, dry place for fan-owing; watch closely when time is up. F vv Alva: -- ..r. 15. Give brood mares plenty of light work for exercise, and good- faxative food. --- . ` Quanta`: v v Q\J\r l 16. VVatch the ewes lambig; sep-- arate them for a. few days to a. slight- ly warmer room. A ,,I_,- 4.1-3.. p ---.-._v.. --_ 17. Have so`r;1e cows calve this` month. I 18. Look in on the whole of the live stock just before `retiring. -"I`9."'])'(-)` tc:-mormw what should be done,to-day- Permanent Pastures. Permanent pastures, writes Prof. C. A. Zavitz, of the O. A. _C., have never occupied as prominent a place in the agriculture of Ontario as they have in the agriculture of Great Brit- ain. The scarcity of labor and the great development of our live-stock industry are factors which: are caus- nun omen. 'rb'no:-rro ROUND THE FARM ' 5] In "Sunshine" Furnace the Wwegitimate duet outlet is pro- - - - ' uidgd. V It : a great big duet- ~ V . ."i J e pip3.'run`ning straight from `ash-pit to dome, thence to chimney, 'A"*wb%1\/hen big pipe damper is opened, aIl- duetjn `ash-,-pit aseends`jfeg4dame; when ` direct drafts are e all duet paee%;3% eiiimney. ` * 9 Jlwaye t_he`_e'lea`hY and quick 1 W V` ,duet bred.-te'Z't.;i,,.n .?g'8unehine" t i 7` Fernai ste i pan,` . duet-"-_-_pIp4e, tet.-dojne; tom, % H \ and m_ E: united states `and angina S'1811ine. W gram .9 ` "1 Paid-up Capital, $10,000,000 Rest, - - - 5,000,000 Total Assets, - 113,000,000 ing some of our most thoughtful farmers to consider the advisability of securing a rst-class permanent `pasture, instead of relying so` much |on timothy for pasture purposes. Fields which are located long dist- ances from the farm buildings, or which are difficult to work on ac- 1count of the presence of steep hill- sides, crooked rivulets, low spots, ,_etc., might be converted into per-. manent pastures, and thus prove of great economic value. This arrange- ment would not interfere materially with the regular crop rotation of the farm. From more than twenty years work in testing different varie- ties or grasses and clover, both sing- ly and in combination, I would sug- - gest the following mixture for per-_ manent pasture on an average soil ; in `Ontario: &Alfalfa, 5 pounds; al- - sike clover, 2 pounds; -white clover, E 2 pounds; meadow fescue, 4pounds; orchard grass, 4 `pounds; tall oat grass, 3 pounds; meadow foxtail, 2 pounds; and timothy, 2 pounds; thus making a total of 24 pounds of seed per acre. These varieties are all very hardy. Some of those used in Great Britain are not permanent in this country. None` of the smaller- ' growing varieties, such as the blue grasses and the bent grasses, are f mentioned, as there is scarcely a farm ; in Ontario in which the" Canadian I .1 J or the red-top will not grow natur- lly. The varieties here recommend- ed are strong, vigorous growers.` Some of them produce pasture very early in the .{spring, and others later in the season. Most of the varieties are superior-. to timoth-y in producing a growthduring the hot, dry weather which ocdasionally occurs 4in the months of July and August. The T seed can be sown in the early spring, 5- either alone or with a light seeding `Y of spring wheat or of barley. Such Y a mixture as this, when well estab- - lished on suitable land, should fur- af nish a pasture, abundant in growth, .d.exce1lent in quality, and permanent |in character. n .s it blue grass, the Kentucly -blue grass` , Ilrlli H J GRKSETT. Manager About a year ago, from the wind-' ow of a railway coach, we noticed a man harrowing with a. pair of horses in a twelve-acre eld, while ahead of him was a woman rolling with another team. To the uninformed observers, this must have seemed a pathetic illustration of hardship en- tailed by the scarcity of farm labor. As a matter of fact, it was a painful commentary on the ingrained con- servatism of the tiller of the soil, which leads him to continue in the old ways long after better ones are available. eHad that man been up- to-date, he would -have been driving the four horses himself, while his where Shaking is Respectable `A Draft offurndoo done, with no other assistance. In pocurleu to overcome the dust nuisance` In chaltlng tint. Only aurpfua _ dust Hun of Itulfnabovc the re. Great L bulk descends Into act-pit. and nnlcais legit!-A " -mattoutlct is therein pnouldcd, duct will - capo through uh-door slit: and Into - _ _....J....o. J... as E? vvv-urv ---- v-'" operator : face. ESTABLISHED I801 The Four-Horse Age. avuguu. _ _ _. I T _ ` ' There is" no reasonable excuse `in `this day and age for the generaluse -of two-horse teams at ordinary` till-' _ age operations where more than two horses are kept. On small farms one must make the best of the situa- tion, but it should vbq realized that such farms are necessarily `worked at a disadvantage. An efficient team- ster can handle four` horses practi- cally as well as two, and save the wages of the extra boy, or man. Of course, this calls for fast-work- ing implements, and on many home- steads the original mistake was in buying the small size, instead of holding an ear `to the ground, per-_ ceivinge the signs of. the times, and purchasing the largest size of ma-. chine, such as the two or three-fur- row plow, the eighteen-foot harrow, and so on. And many to-day are making a serious mistake in stock- " ing up with three-`horse in placeiof four-horse outts. Itnseems a pity. As we have previously observed, this - 2- __ ..i.....1.1 1-... L1-an-nun-ln(\I1f Faeharn V wife was in tl.1e'hb11 s", where she `be-. longed. ' AS We nave prcvxuuaxy Vvawlvvu, ....... `is, or should be, throughout Eastern Canada, the four-horse age. In the West they go still better and work ve or six horses together, and In some places employ steam plows. A- :5. :5 noun:-\t\::;1'\`A f Ph.2nO'P an { Organization Neede'd to. S.t;dy Out Agricultural Problems. -During _the last couple of years, "through the efforts of the various Farmers Institute secretaries',. and with the aid of the Superintendent of Farmers Institutes, there and there, Farmers Clubs have been formed. The rules and regulations "are simple, and can be obtained by anyone interested who applies to the Superintendent, G. A. Putnam, of Toronto. -However, it is not the forming of these Clubs, but their value, that this article is intended to discuss. ` if: g ; Some years ago a British states- `man spoke of Britain s splendid isolation which has kept her apart from the nations for centuries. A similar isolation has kept the farmers apart, but, unlike Britain s isolation, ours is to our disadvant- age. The failure to get together like all` other classes, to rst get ac- quainted and learn to know and trust one another, and second, discuss matters pertaining to our business-- and under business we include all questions that affect the farmer--has left us as we are to-day, unorganized, and therefore at the mercy, to a c _certain extent, of all properly-or-I t ganized classes. To-day, from the_c I so-called professional classes, down ( - to the bootblacks, there is orgamza- I .,tion. The members of each organ- I ization stand together, trust one ar_i- r ` other, and in their union lies their 1 istrength. T ey study their ownl I :problems, a stand out for what`l .' they consider to be the solution of 2 these problems. Farmers, through 3 their, lack of organization, put in their time in wasing wind, which, on account of their environment, falls on empty air, Co-operation for a few decades would produce a totally dif- - ferent state of affairs. Discussion of Farm _Practice. Besides` learning to stand together, a discussion of subjects pertaining to our own occupation, viz., tilling`, the soil and raising stock, would re- 1 sut in improved methods and an in- I ( l l i l 4 I creased output. In England, those I districts that first took precedence ` over the others, were those where a few farmers met each week at one anothe.`r s farms to look over the crops and stock, hear the owner des- cribehis methods, and discuss with him whether or not these were the` best for his conditions. In this way, new ideas and methods were brought out, and steady improvement made in farm management. Each district has problems to solve peculiarly its own. These can only be satisfactor- ily solved by the farmers themselves, aided by general principles, and all the particular cases and their solu- tions that are on record. `These! studiescan be made of greatl educa- tional value. Not only home condi- tions may_be studied, but conditions; and practices of other districts, . Provinces and countries also will; 1 come up. Knowing not only how, but why, makes the: difference `be-i tweenthe fellow who owns the mud` and the one who owns the sunshine as well. In order to be good farm- ers, we caiinot know too- much abouti our own..profes_sion. A wide know-I ledge of the History of Agriculture, past and present, makes .not only `a betterfarmer, but also a better man in everysense of the .word, for know- ledge adds dignity to `any, profession.- Public , Questions -and Interests. Provincial or national problems can be better studied and discussed; by a club, though the individual will do well to keep himself informed where no such club exists. To-day,.~ many `Provincial and National ques- tio_ns_ are calling`, for solutions and 3dJl1$.tme`nt_. Questions relating to ; trade and commerce; the tariff; Gov-i _ernn`i'ent ownership; the disposal oil publi_c1_lands, whether timber, mining 01', agricultural; and the taxation of l'&1lW3yS,"Sh011ld be studied; and could be discussed by any live" club,i ,.with.benet to the member~s:themsel- '* __v_e`s' and "the country: ' V OLA Anna on`. LL- `L.__V-;:-._' '_B` UIIIC placca cnuytuy cbuassn yum`... As it is impossible to change an` ` vwa uuu. suc \.UI-IIILIJ2 . Take the case of the taxation of`. railways. One township collects less than three hundred dollars. `Were these roads assessed as they are in the State of 'India.n_a, viz., twenty- two `thouand dollars per` `mile, and taxed at gie ordinary crate current in thesaid. township, the taxes would amount to over ten thousand dollars, In Ontario, according to` a_ recent- writer, the railways ,pay one-twgn-A tieth of one per cent. taxes on their `bonuses. --_The*railw_ays-. will j,}ne\er. -ask ;_to;b`e etaxed. _It',is Atheigdwutyt ot- 1h.e;acitIzens toe bfie:`n,5::.."b-59??? it1.1"i Iii~tgx slatbfs' in such a~wa`y' as 6 co` `ilill tluuo Disadvanfages of Islation. THE NORTHERN ADVANCI; Farmers Clubs. xoutt all at once, ` the farmer who has the two-horse implements must` make the best of them; but in the ;case referred to at the outset, the lwoman might easily have been re- lieved of duty by attaching the har- row to the roller and hitchingthe four horses to the front implement. It is a plan that works " well where the rounds are reasorfably long and the land not too rough. This re- minds us to mention that much has been and more may be done to in- crease the economy of cultivation by removing unnecessary fences. ' . 1| -1. 1-`_.-u- l\C'f\;`YI:C9C fr` moving uuucccaaa.-_y u.....-... The fact that labor promises to be rather more plentiful this summer than in some recent years, IS no 5 excuse for wasting it.- The way to make good wages and prots in farming is to see that every stroke counts its maximum. This cannot be done where one man is employed to drive two horses. The slogan of modern agriculture should be econ- omy of labor. It is time to abolish the two-horse team as far as most farm operation are concerned, and J_.-L`.. Ill\ 1* IIIII1 2. ad` i farm operatzon are Cuuccuxcu, ....... double up. It will be a great vantage to all concerned. The lab-_ over will earn more, and his employ- er, wt_ule paying hnm more generous- I-_ __-.n 1.-..-. .. Im-mar sharp left to nllll IIIUIC 5\ll\vI\IIpIu ly, will have` a larger share left to himse1f.-Farmer s Advocate- subjects that it is good citizen to about GULIUL I Hindsight vs. Foresight. Just now the scarcity of feed is a problem that confronts many On- tario men. Now, we presume to say that, had our foresight been as good as our backsight, this scarcity, with its consequent losses, might have been averted. Had the question of a likely shortage of feed been discus- sed early in the year I9o7,_ when it 1' was seen that hay was going to be ,1.-_. -...... ......l 1-vital!` nnnrtnin was accu. LIIGL nu; vvpna av---D vur -.v a. short crop and grain uncertain, many feeds might have been sown which would have made up largely for the shortage. As one instance: A short time ago we heard an In- stitute speaker tell a. story related to him by a well-known secretary ` of one of the leading Farmers -In- stitue Associations. This secretary said: About fteen year, ago there occurred a shortage in this district which caused much loss. Next year the growing of soiling and other sup- plementary crops was discussed, and, as a. result, for everal years there was abundance. Good times and crops made men careless again, with the result that to-day we are worse ioff than we were fteen years ago. One wide-awake boy, however, in my district noticed that eight acres of his crop was a failure. He asked ..... --.L..L ......- knob On An I 119-n-gr` H13 Clup was a. Lauuic. 1. me what was_ best to do. I urged 2% him to plow it up and sow to corn. 3 He did so, with the result that he has been able to sell over four hundred 1 dollars worth of hay that would ihave been required for the stock on 3 '1 '1 -l -I A -l '1 aaxxvu lthe farm had the corn` _not been sown. This boy had foresight. Our .backsight now tells many_ of us `we might have done something similar with good results. This was Just` another intance of the value of get! , .ting together and "discussing ones : own business. _ T Cohesion and Co-operation. A burning question is the market- iing of all agricultural produce. Thel - tolls exacted by the middlemen. are I out of all reason. By the organiza- - tion of Farmers Exchanges and con- 1 certed action on the part of the pro- . ducers, these things could be great- ly lessened. The method of dump- j ing nearly all our produce on the . market atone time of the year, whe- T ther the market is up or away down, ` istagnates trade, and has a ruinous , effect on pris. Our perishabrle products could all be held in cold 1 storage, and sent forward as de- manded. A` steady brisk demand, _ and, consequently, fair prices, would be the result. The bulls and bears. would not be found on the market, which would -be a blessing to both !producer and consumer. Co-opera- tion has done much for the minority` wherever tried; why should not the W great majority also of the people of ithis country prot? Adhesion is _'hardly enough. Cohesion, would be _ what is. necessary. - -i Parliamentary Representation. V `Another thing that often` causes` the observer_ to pause and-"consider is why agriculturists are represented in 1| the Provincial Legislatures and in the Dominion House by so `many lawyers and other professional men. - _Ninety-six lawyers are in the Domin- `- ion House out of two hundred and ' fourteen mem_bers,while farmers num- -' ber about fourteen. Seven-tenths of the people of Canada are represented by , fourteen members out of two :hiund- Lg red andfourteen. `No one would,ad+ 1 mit that the average boy who stays 1 on ,_the'f_ai-in is less intelligentfthan ,.. the one who studiesalaw or medicine. .' These latter get "a training in public 1 speaking and in debating. This train- u ing could be obtainedlargely in any - well-run Farmers Club. `One `old- El time club trained all -the M. ~P. s for ' ; _the county -for over a quarter, of a E| century. `At the same time,-. other I` counties ' were , importing. their re- ,. presentativeps-from Outside. Not` that T these other `counties. had not t.h` men, but they had not men: trained E1 to thinl-:,;and give clear. expression 3 to'_theii thoughts while onvtheirfeet. 3` mien `stun--not `inn `Q-can LL`; LU u_u..u uluusuua wuuc Uu ulclf ICCL. Give the boy `on the farm half the chance his brother gets, and we shall `not be in the humiliating position of 1 not being able to furnishl. our own re- ! presentatives. Moreover, if the young peop1e,are given a__ chance for self; improvement at home, there _will not be so many ever ready to flock to the city. _ To-day, a training that will t the farmer to ll justly, honestly | and ;.\7iel{1y`vbOtlt private. and-_ public ;o'1ces,has:be,eome an irnperativye.-duty_ r g*o,_;deyery.. ci.tigen o_f~_ t1_u,s.P;rovingeV_.of V 'nta`;j-io,-Tlii .agi;ie_u_1_turc `is? the duty of every know something nakingEstab|ishm] E Try Our JOB OFFICE. ws[ g nn I-n\rn III VA I \ll \llII\Jo EY & SHE have all the sppliencer `for eurrounding country : Hearse termenu in all cemeteries. 1 ~ -`------I-.-. .....-manrjv and um Eermenu iii cemeteries. or Inlpluuuu w .... ,........ .. lv cared for. PHONE undertaken prmnptlv and proper 3. 2. WALKER, 1>m`ido;nt -_-: o Avd\I\ Ilganmrn` Hm! `o L+31-+++++++++++++++z-+++-1-++s-+-3-++++-:~:-+-:-+4-+-2-+4-+-:--:--:-M:-+:~~:j+' DOLLAR A YEAR wear Progress Brand Garments --the A brand that has made Canada famous for its durable Clothing." For wear, for style and t, for all the L qualities that are essential to good clothes, Progress Brand Suits and Top SUBSCRIBE FOR Northern Advance tained a reputation as being in the forefront of County weeklies. Its 8 pages are all home printed. Every department carefully: edited. Local and District News-the main _..._-_.... ..........._..__.._'.-.._..:_.._.._._--.--______.- __,, AOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOS feature. ES` are tide Canadian Standard by d which all others are judged. Look for the label that guarantees satisfaction Sold and Guaranteed by ...-_.-j L T ` ". th . 9 of fungrsil in tnmih thyouoh mu BE,-.yn?eg?::sos Eng-Wagqons ; Morgue and Buna.1Parlo;._ `ii 3i':3'3`;"';.`:f..:`.3"..'..l .'...f'.`. L .* .'`.':`...` . :;_`'` `' `* or Collier and Clapperton Streets '. SMITH 6 C0, (ADMITTEDLY BARRIES LEADING PAPER) THE ADVANCE has always main- ALWAYS OPEN. Best. `facilities for artistic work north of Toronto. ESTABUSHED 1869 Notes for April. . I. If you have not planned a de- nite rotagionl of grops, plan a fopr-,l year rotatxon, subject to modicat1on| later on. M W-_--I- ---... -1 4.1....`