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Inn ...... .. ....... c. In nmdu-nnly Innthar In: any: pit.-\v. up the 33-mm um um. um nmovu an uni mun -wtylng A an m,n__mu. ;._..:..L-m~.=....m.. ,- V , , _ , ,_ ,g_ 1, we `gnvd lm,;m1y good cnndxuon, um-, m mu, wmtar .4 , \ - g ' -Land spring they geL~b:\.dly cut. up into _ [.3 W ""`:,'{"i uml'ba.lea,~'m;d "x. will be nonccnhm. inixa - spring when yhe mm; is earning our. rri the ground. zha are in thair wgm condition, ;...L:, L ....z \..- `kn ;;~.m" ma .n'el . and D-:.|ea,~m;u u. mu 1.): uuuuuu ........ ... ..... roqnd. I:hay,n,re_jn_thair xgondition, I-hey hIve.b1::n heaved by the irunn uni any _pl:mqs pbe wheels oi the me- dyad In lnvolha, MI wlll |mpn-nn both Iqwrnud Ihn yd ol than hung 3.33% _' '"' " bh.\3,ydnw\u-n iii n-. 33,'.d'1`.un..mmpmmu'Z mu... ..........,.. N, , ma-mu no nun: roller i_< unp|oy_c.!.` _ n_., evvrbelglhbuhyour rLng,";nu;(:. , '. )l1u:Adnm | um that -1117 mm .:'mx .2. --a|.I|!y In yuur mun: uhouldlg '..mx.en mun . -1, ma mum at ucm`-bIe.1.ar hxnuingv . lpm cenmd: pea yhih .. cuxxsfdernlxle um-man of money has bn-In spent in u:_ `way or r:duciug,gra.xl4\.s'nnd putting on igx-.AveL ~ , . . ,. ..'.-.. mm.-r:.l}v man; u......;..... ...u.. ....... _dz-ngned nnd ruunded up', ic .n'Sg1d'b9 m -on evenly` mm the bean grnvul chum. 1. ma thoroughly rullml an a immzth lmrd am: I ma. Annulxlrepnir at 1.'or.\dA,oi`_Lhe re put of rows Iy u_n7.-ts ; gem, is wrfml 1 me u mug wmeh of mm an vehicles. In France um murkez `wngoua have mm: mm am 10 inches in wsdm,,uaun11y, scam, ` no (3 inches. Nogongy 9 they` wgdg mnefnmkel-. ` . .11 following wi bu recmmeudad = land on each Nu. uncu uluununynnnul .,......... ..... .. . . I `horse or anmm roller. A good humus rollhr rprufurrud-fvr~guncml tom} worktd i!ilh91xlIi__II.cih nboue. 3 tons am1"b_e no ucnntruqbed V n at in `eoI\lv1_bg`weig)'1_`L_-yd `3 _o,n_1iglxLm1l9,n.,Iu;9; thug. l0Kb~mnwr'|al i%- will won ck. ` pulh I-ho xnnwrinl in nrlvnnca ol the roller, _ sud VIII Mu b d. in round with the` ..... :.....a .....| .........|. _ uh mKrE'i\" wh-n _o6nvnni-Int.` Ind wind: at on duorlpuon All-zvrod I grow. ` ' Tho QMAO. d be IIVCIIII and thnlwhq will pl-nun A unoov: uni - l ML; cl. Thu Ihould bu plum- ` dang Naddun and Ihmwholu hpl ._ '- '2 . .1` :'.`..P._`.. ` """l eqlxjrcs a new .cna.ei.ng o I aim: being property led ahagld by un a Vobtninn. la %*- p2;cc'nb1n'nruamcnzuruunuuuxtuny-u-good 3-n_nd with any kind 'af mnturinl `on 9 uni ' `l1\'nbj1l1{Iil=Ui!blPi-in\ta:ff};aIv xg`fno*`ulglian TEorcfore. the-first thing to be done )9 making a road after aha grade in_ establish- luid IIUUHIJVIII D0 lhlkicsnt, bill I! tho Doll in retentive or Bprlngy, then is in nucounry - ~-+ch-t. umlerd.ru'nI nhuuInLI.-e plngml uong, I-,_'-i?xE=AREn. 3Y:mN[Es`13_LL, |p=.L,s}V -:,.- ~ ~ta;x31s`"'corer]n-i`erit_ Bin: Vetinfon-th Subject ` During am pm decad than [us been . I . nukmi ma rovcmenv. m purnilwuya, muni- ` , buil Tlgl, mum-y rcaiduucea ma _` n:-A buildings, but the mutation ofjm rov- ` g our country roads has not recuiv aha , uuiYv7tyI {qr Eye ghipmenl of mm pgoduae Iccuring 61 line: ofxuilwny umugnoue cue Having now neared. the ndvanuga of f nu uppliesrit in .u._ ..... . aI_:d uh at tho grammar. Impnrmqnce clmtinha gmgdn ' Icnding_ ML1hI:u!i;, railways I d in ns-clnu condition. The mt on II to i give game mrgrmmon um. Home information em those having - the const.rucV.i( lion pt rend: in dmrgn to : entry gm. ch rk on a uni: 7-7chmn,1oo,i'e,e?, aggeeaaaraxuhg ma Ihoulrl be an the numq grade ; nsidiirnm this pom, the mad should ha n Max In pquihln. In order my show ch: ndvuxtngol . ._u.5u_ng 1_x_roA_M`l_ 5. nenfly 1u-a1_ as pqnihle, -ln:proveInu_: or mu-un; Bionds. baring lrkcta Verne V. DIIIIAHWIIVI . -..a Fmmthia znbsir. wmm. wen um . 'nma;iu1\ing A maximum ma on ., max .canpu 1 only four-fths _a. much an . gndo of 1 in 59 ; mgee.rou_m3 pg much my gnidu of 1 m 40. 5 u:o-iop'*m; A: much "on . gain of '1 in 10. In daturmining the cf roads keep well u: mind the fol- E-mix!" ring : 1. Never make a road mend _onn ` O . _Z'si "111-7751-::cn5:ntr:bucar;` to. th; Lava. Third. What are called hm:k- lands, not nch traveled. Then the grad: of the Era: nmuxa nob cxccndi 5' feet m we feet. the gxndo nf the sccqnd aymula ;:_oI'._ egceeq 7 in iisceea 10 injuo. ` Any grades nee or than the above umuxa unne 41n1y,for'1xghh driving. Although: _ the mbuve grade: should no: be exceeded. mu 5 is oy;dex+;_ my uo_ xed gradient; c_nn- . 11 in oiidexae am no gradieno c-n- ' Mmupmd in nu aimutiolmz the qnuitiou I tho can of construction. in an item that am he cnnliderid. ' \ ' um: raven: my nl `tight 1 nhl and they mu lrotn ulhtg hmlldbo I It] in I or brain hrtlck. 5...... n.. ..... `an. p2..'.sb1. 1: 1.. Jnjnxa um; um ahila qa llad in wit. mu. qua n-Iva]. Fig. anmn muatign vju; "ms 5.: in ` u: -u m luuu nun. bars in own thing Qbont {ha Illel undo - 1'2! open 'dr|inI along the side :35 road: chub in vary objgctiunnblu, thnl in, they are in a I grant nanny mug mgdg the ncapuc1a__qrj' u gg-oat mjury. are :2. n nnceaury elm. yum}: of dralna e, for Ina purpose: aux .Ezui1a be came mug ch: tide of grand, `lbs drain should be cu. giaa 3,. pay the mid: of t.ba_roa.d nllnvru-co .when bumplieea with grass-Hood, and thus. 'huabex_: the scdrling of ma binkn. Culver-La Ihould be `put in m.-myth. * raadhed wham uulv AV. .................. r... ..-, ..._. ly be nbuined nu thh pi`; ruundnu..ne n reduced cost. ;-`they-u'e-conwd with n ach- , tion of hot. car, will up: nut; and us :1- mm. indestmctibk, ;n;a_ make an eicel-y , -u. .0... ..u...,.......... ...... .. , in hecessnryia to dig the branch or e qulvert .th. naoenn-y,depm, put the pipe together in thu.u-e`nch, see thin . the small and _or !.ho_p_ipu is p1M_e.1 am full d h ` " `` " *' " "9 '``` ` ` "" mm; Ema..nd..11.m.mcka make very `- mama | . . _ ' ' ~ or -1. : l d should he _nvd|dI=L1_. A E `M f ` '``x`'m " ' `'` `F. l ggunogvih':o?:lc;I:snrfnceI should` not he E3` 4' 5f 6 ' ndunc m worlilooac |` uged, nu ghey__hnvu cue , males: the none: are large and ab. ownrk for culvaru should be laid in the bcabgxnortnr, cnmpvsudvf hydraulic cement And ole-..-.u, uh *4 /(/.}`54``//. mud. Larger euxmcg ' nhawn an I133 Sinilj 1:r5onnul. ' "' > Of his . ydlrl ' nlb-glinzni vitried lower-pl hue been In: oly uud 161- - nu Q4. snd . it \vn-E-hid, we wall` _d.npv.'e for hhg `p was. 09:3 mun bu bkunnto make `aha; nxunti oonfpnn uhonrly u pouibln :0 the uhnpu at an hm ox uurpxpa. with pvupu` do i-em glam for Mu hub-. Thu jmuu Ihoulg .bI ' qnulkegl Inch chy or _oolnu_1I. _ Alf this i_a npe '1' an: nnih 1a 21" d 31.1131, ...3..`. ;;...... .`.`a .u.".` :55.` .l. .aA`.`:`.. - IIIE ruurhoohl din should `wait hut ' nohu bulovrthn an: ml of thin I-ontlwny. . _ .l`ln {yIloyi_|\g_ublo _z_ha g 166 1 ii. Ihonlu an `aunt: u nu-cno-u xur "mm. , ,, Alt` , nah. Mllhontnmlorunnulvohyon w Illtklng Ina {u tuna! Alwuldbooublulln 9:-I:_tnduhoI_Al-1-pun u 5; nizov; delcn ; I, which no ummlxy` da engugh go h|vu,hia 3 sun breach 5 pipu. in am. :?da1i>` : $ "IE Fan!u ` ` E I. farhczlvgggurffikhlzy wag}; team... in I 3.. 7 _ , ` A ."nnan. .n7.;.'.aZmn.m.a co aka the glebed. 9 hr no inches. ` L n c m .1 hiivinr t.hAn>tIus wntexj any f1-only iron'4,7.he Iowa: and the qulvonfu tho freedngjf {bk vuteri o , _ . ~. H _... -1 __..a n. .....1 .51 pipe gu1mg__ when over mu inn 3 um. : ` new as in Telford roads. .._.__ throxigh n.\2u1nph.nnpz, nnd In the noun: y.hqrnr.ona ,-honild pun through ,5 inc ng.. Thu mauvlui nu-has imp M_ ' -H rand mud nap expend, when cony I `ox in many lam. 5 non) where the trhic in I hlffifr ; fnchcl. 1 will be fbuhdunaient. . ha niihen` ID!`-l5-1 me should hucample _in the urge mun---I Indannn. . !n px-epu`Kng~t|xa maabda hive ill pad-5., `Al diam nbla _mnmr dad. ghq ouch quiz: rand: 17$:-inc should be nbqugog ,_ , of v.he- width or the roauibed; xn gravel .ro-d-. one-twenty fth. and an arch roads the centaqg should be n- lean 1 fooc hi her than the nidga so.-_ 9. 20 r__o_u_ x-m_a.g- - gnu 2 hi her aide: (or fool. m.L- gnu qbova willnllow fox; . .xi us Iinkggn by crave): _Tha roundmon orchnnetulgd porgoa-.mwn/ h. n_=_\..; will mow Iinkggu by or Wihrmetulpd poron-nmwhs/ u that intended to: aha nished au`1-(Abe. In should-be well rolled with `nithgrl heavy horse or atenm rune:-, ma if any depreaa aions are mad: they should be mud in a.n`g it. should be again roned until in p`rese.m.a ' Id p7\3nrfaee. In is than \:.. ...n...1 . .r...~.. The usnul way u bpled in in mg ~__- `roads _is r,o"gnr|e thi: 'r6nd`, wish": apugrs and, hufnru in bu dam 1 a packed by u-avel; no `pun on the 3 1 aad 75: n. roadnna A rm: to every 9 `~ . this 1: heaped in .v.he center of Lhe x-on n width of nbn_m. 6 feet. ma Icfn mg wznmlinion Limb i'r3 fa almn-' impn-3 b Lravelnpbn in. The 0 5:. . .. .., The chm requisite of . good macannl xor rnnking nnd rop:\ir'm roads is, am it. should benouonxy` bud. bur. tough, and `um. ibahouldhe nhlp Lo m.na_ thg wear hdrtelr irrwi _witahqnt nhunaa mm-.........~ _ ,_ used, they hum n Lenduncyvm work loos: .whan_weighn_is3mLu3grg31nem,, _ L opinion vmr us in u: pmgre: aiznhe in em. aho .1 be broken co, The old _rnlo was that all anodes uhuuld pus ireely Mu-ough n. L35 inch ring. Sam: engineer: -Advucnte weighn` as n atnndard, . and recom `ml-_m1.!.ho,foXlowing : Granite, and, similar rocks, hn_}i an auncg to_t.hr mid m:u..:riJ:L uwher n bun A rand wha` Inn-ned cluy,-o:rr miun, is nndoub_t.< .:on.1`u:d cmi be hi pause. H . . "1:A1:.` ~,A vhry lnrge "pr 1* W`, rgngds came under: inrvnjlonnunuvu, .......;. ........ h...._ wide; 6 fnaiei u3_ick`.;9d_ Ky 12 iuchna long - ,m-e set. by lmnd oi: the` Kuftcsn sides. the luuvesr. aid laid news the road, and in . ,u .L.. ....-.. 9.. Imnnlr i 9. _acmi he rows, the noun: to break game. In me apnge between the larger atone: ' Her'n:uuuz"nnd-::hippinga-nn- rmly I ' y irrarzulnr er edges as u: : mun uwn an xnw..,-=.. .. .5. V.,... are put um. the Icouurnsad 1:: him nekb v ' layer my.bo from 1 E03 inches gm dinmu, ` tar. Thu layer should be about 4 inches ` ' And should be aproui evunly to cog? 1 ` mqsas. :9 In can be greased nbo the apnoea. ln:mlIingnl- wnyu ro I r.&_xe oumda tim. parallel with the cud wo k zownrdnthu cennur. Fig. 1 hr - ..-~Xnn 1.7 ~'l'-nlfnr EGAIIWIV mnununm nouns... .. . .. .. .. .... , Iornioa cue. modern road builder! hnva dm ` and from who 'ln|en hid _`dovui v by who ` uvanlor. Macdnrli road: In .' uns \l9ubt.nIlly`lnlsrior no Tnlfonl rondl 10:, locomotion wt: to -huvy mnlog In to be nix-ovidod (or; bum. whoa mule. cuc- run; .r.'x.;anmxy iupu-lot m.. uvol . know when tho Ir 0| nor. t_oo haduvyu In 0P"' "' ~~r ton . um! an Inn dd: bid for run diu- ll Ibo wnih'_Iy:I_lo|3l V unuw wuun mu ounitrnullon ol M-ua.u's`"m . n'u E w nwauury duh 11:0 ouch nhqgud` ho undo to ` onlolgn 14: II? nllhad Ihnno bl Ihb 'roul. ` "ht }?E`1Y1`.`.?`...?..!.` 33.`: onlolgntpo tho o_ II In the `ol pump, in 0: the Hun on-uh iounhuon would -10 rolled and _ drt_lnvd._ my. ad 5. puu on 1:: sun: uayulu, -nun ..~.. . .. rolled 1 tbs has two lnycn Ihould vs tho gnmunt at Nudmmnluull uul It did Al for `Ttllokd D... nu 51... turn Inval- xerial. Ls may u 'u1[ox`6'L,I k sr.on'esn1:zm~a.F can hi broken mu! used, or nha y form a um:-aims x_nnu:rml xoll in .- over bha tile dnum; Gravel 3houhl,he_\puc I on in cwo or chmelnyer: and .n.-h lnyer .. .L|.x .41.: -1...` r, ..... .m .2` ll e1-Bmax.-'hr&unansimmr,; rm: xunould be pnpared-,in the name :19: md with .1: gram. mm 9.: than 3 (dr Eirhel-"l`elfnrd uq ;VInc3dgLm yo... 1 make _n good roux of vol Lhu In Lerilli S .a `... iigna n._e`:a_ tni )1 founduutaient. . In!`--a|.I|!y nhguld bucampleced `m am. m,.,_.. 1:. me amps, ' ngf m T u'.,,d ,5; ~- ` _. ~ '- , It.nneI_tA;;ntl_|er. Ind remunher,nm.; rum! %\\'ce[ -9; Ln. _I.he no "course gmdclun gnu; may '.`.%'.' T. ." '.1x-"":r3T';u.`3,o.,Z."",_.-;:` `;"-.,? .`f",L ;", 1,`;',; bwuuscinuzea for broken Itonu .wi(h' very .( we;c:s:mcud.- -` - ` ` ~ ' ' 4 x mg amt:-. nnue W5-u1e.;.:r nt'r~ _- un_: wa:e:.wm-a mi Vlad amnes .....- .....-.._.. .. ` V 1 Fig. 8_ shown a crux: section of I.xnncadAm> `road. ' . ` . he on ma aux:-Isa um. ill-dnuhlu an. out; " .._.,....._. ..._...s `...N...... ma am: an: loosen the Iurfnca ova: which the repair: ` `mam nxwnd with -. pick. in order to ... A cure . bond with tho old had, and put just. , nntcienr. material 0:} 1.): as so char ... ;,~._nL, N... .. `IVAAV .. .-.~ .. - _..._ on` msw mnturinl`, the -m-um umiula H2 yickod up . mm. to mm: the new mater Ia}-9o-bim1 lwdIi&oT$;n Ahm I ... ..u ......m ha ma,.nm.:1; wasted and. should nluun .w..... W ....... .........., rolled In the nun: manner In dc ' x_ build'u.\%e'lh'a rand. `R.oaix-ing mnberml phood an inharvn 3 `Ion; uo -ldool the road Inn to bo lntlorluowhen um-.. .u.m..... .... 3.... In .. cnuvanienu 13. Iuo when rotglxh-ed. an. bllowin innn-nculans wen u island 1: ch: Ba 1... vument A... nochuon ol o'nd vn. Englnn . for u... up 0! shun roomen; my,,m -nu worI.h"n- 1>nP_1ns- . Th" 9:`. ` -pply; nun-mu-r mu... u. an .. .... ....... .. ln`y'due eolluonnnnd n -uoum bu am. am, Inqu- 5. be an nuL\uu1puIohIQ'0! nonurv-`r mu Iiholl width 3 ll" mad. b-noon Lha m.\.uh or In-nu . whallhhhurvmmtn. `cum 0! mnln on Nrqad,bul nu (cup n mun mu: amp. vrom ` ,, V "h{'lf|"" "`u".'- min In Dllohlnt wd m.h npdn duxhn u.`.".mm.'.u mum 3. uuuhlnvhlwnavonthnroud. Itby am. A n hhnpn uh: nl Lh-/ rlklf Lhl lurlun .||w-I-.In1-tum. uuoknumd. Vihlllhlnhurvlurnln. 2on`Iowvn or nmaanmyh w`-mu cu in-I rongin o sumo. a nu mm- nlrumov msu Ibonn