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farm problems conducted by professor henry g bell with the cooperation of the varioui departments of ontario agricultural college the butinen of farming is yearly becoming more and more dependent upon facts that have been gathered regarding livestock and livestock management crop production soil management disease and insect con trol and business organization of the farming industry individual prob lems involving one or more of these and many other phases of agricul ture engage the attention of ontario farmers from day to day during the winter months there is a little more time for study of the most acute problems through this column farmers may secure the latest information pertain ing to their difficulties to intro duce this service professor bell has prepared the following typical prob lems to indicate the information which should be given in order that a satisfactory answer can be made if answer is desired by letter en close stamped and addressed envel ope for reply address all inquiries to professor henry g bell room 421 73 adelaide st w toronto ontario wheat questions answered 1 question what varieties of fall wheat have iven best yields in ontario answer experience at the college and throughout the province shows that for general purposes oac gl dawsons golden chaff is the most satisfactory variety in most pnrts of ontario this is a soft white wheat strong in straw and one which has given particularly good results when choosing seed for your wheat top it would pay you to look into the matter of improved or selected seed there are several farmers who now have considerable quantity of registered seed of the lead ing varieties which seed is true to variety and is from healthy vigorous stock this gives materially better yields than unimproved o r d i nary wheat the field husbandry depart ment oac which provided the above information vill be pleased to direct inquirers to sources of improved seed question have heavy soil on one farm where i can sow wheat and light soil on an other which will likely pay be in wheat answer it is difficult to say without further information which soil will give most pro fitable results in fall wheat heavy soil as- a rule gives a larger yield per acre than does 2 light soil provided both are n a good physical condition and that the plant food supply of both has been kept up another factor that may enter in would be the slope and protection of each of the fields provided the fields were about equal from the standpoint of soil condition i would be inclined to place the wheat where there is best pro tection from sweeping winter winds and where snow will probably lie on th field best question is it necessary to summer fallow tor wheat or can i get a good crop on sweet clover sod answer the idea of summer fallowing in ontario is largely to clean a field of weeds in the western provinces sum mer fallowing is done largely to store up moisture through spring summer winter so that the next crop of grain may have sufficient moisture to carry t through during these last ex ceedingly droughty seasons in ontario a certain good may come from fallowing as it does in the west if you have cut a fairly heavy stand of sweet clovr from your sweet clover field undoubtedly a lot o moisture has been removed from the soil if it has been sweet clover pasture however there will not bo so much dif ference if clover soil is plow ed sufficiently early so that it can he worked down to a good seed bed you should be able to get i good stand of wheat on it this fall i question i have a fairly good supply of manure for one i piece where i am going to put wheat and none for a back- field the front field gave a guns for defenders volunteers in madrid help load rifles on truck for shipment to the defenders of the mountain passes north of the spanish capuai scene or some of the bloodiest fighting between rebels and govern ment troops locked in desperate struggle for road to city ton to the acre of mixed hay it is lighter soil what ferti lizers would you advise for these wheat lelds answer if you manured the front field which is fairly heavy soil it would be well to apply at least 200 lbs pel ade of 012g or 01210 fer tilizer i would prefer 01210 if you intend to seed down this field at the time that you are growing wheat on it the extra potash will do a great deal in giving a better stand of clover or alfalfa for the hack field which is lighter soil i would suggest that you use a 21210 at the rate of two hags per acre this will go a long way toward balancing fertility of the soil and put ting it in best shape for the wheat crop now- every girl and young woman is looking forward to the time when she will have a home of her own and i think one of the most enjoyable periods of her life is spent in plan ning and getting ready so many pretty and necessary things for the future love nest she and mother in whispered con ferences arrange for the selling of some early chickens that glossy table linen may find its way into the hope chest or send the surplus eggs to market to meet the price of that lovely glassware that will make the farm girls eyes sparkle next the bedding is got together quilts sheets pillow cases goosefeather pillows and last but not least a feather mattress then follows towels fancy work silverware until all that is necessary for future use is provided the farm girls wedding clothes will be just as suitable if not ai ex pensive as those of the city girl and when dad hands over the cheque to pay for the furniture of the new- home nothing is lacking not oven the shower already given by the neighborhood girls swear only when necessary but whos to set the rules the barnsley gold club in eng land frowns on the use of had language by is members the golf ers have been warned that hence forth a fine and possibly expulsion will be the penalty for profanity on the course drives on laiigwidge are not new in england the profane oaths act of 1715 inflicted a sliding scale of fines for the use of profane language according to the social rank of the offender the penalty was one shilling for a common laborer soldier or seaman two shillings for everyone below the rank of gentleman and live shillings for those of or above that rank no special provision of course was made for golfers in 1847 the town police act made bad language an offence punishable by heavy fine or imprisonment up to 14 days the offence however had to he committed in the street and for some peculiar reason the act was confined to urban sanitary dis tricts on the theory probably that in an unsanitary district a foul word more or less was of little con sequence psychologists maintain that swear ing is a sign of hasty temper and that temper is a sign of mental and moral weakness akin to insanity if the patient persist it his addiction no responsible phychiatrist it ap pears would care to answer for the consequences from which it may be gathered that golf accompanied by swearing or swearing accom panied by golf will lead inevit ably to dire consequences it is doubtful if swearing helps ones game as shakespeare has pointed out failure is the only re ward of him who may seek to in- sphcre the stars with oaths sim ilarly the rubberoid sphere with which the golfer is primarily con cerned remains strangely inaffocted by any pungent asservations direct ed at it as quintilian has observed to swear except when necessary is unbecoming to an honorable man but against this may be set the pre cept about giving pleasure to others daughter can arrange her relaxation hours toronto the farmer who owns his own farm is comparatively a free and happilyplaced man his life is enormously preferable to that of the great mass of city folk confined in boxlike rooms as for long hours of labor the agriculturist has nothing on the average news paper editor this is the reaction of an editor to a discussion of the girl on the farm one of his correspondents says the oldfashioned way is certainly the safest and the best believe me dear editor when i say i know what i am writing about for i have deen the girl on the farm i have been the mother on the farm and i am now the grandmother on the farm i do not confuse the positions held by the hired girl and the girl who is living in her own home on the farm the former has her duties to perform from weekend to weekend with her afternoon or evenings off as prearranged her reward her monthly wages while the girl on the farm although she may do approxi mately the same work is not called on to follow the same cutanddricd routine she can arrange for her re laxations as they come can plan her work to have time to attend the wo mens institute meeting the mis sionary society tea or the church tea party and i can assure you she is suitably dressed for these occasi ons and has in her purse the neces sary spending money a swearlcss golf course would be very dull for the caddies from the winnipeg tribune 32 ottawa total ordinary revenue of canada which includes customs duties excise income taxes and other sources jumped nearly 23000000 in the first four months of the fiscal year finance department figures issued recently reveal at the end of last month which completed a third of the fiscal year total ordinary revenue of canada had reached the figure of 1g8779894 as compared vith 1458494g8 for the corresponding period a year ago the exact increase was therefore 22930- 42g increases were registered all along the line income tax collections showed the greatest advance they totalled 72- 129512 for the fourmonth period ended july 31 last as against 58- 288144 last year for the month of july alcne they amounted to g1g2- 902 a great increase over july 1935 when the total was 3993490 the figures issued show an increase of approximately 4000000 in ordi nary expenditure during the four months just ended compared with the same period a year ago ordinary expenditure during the fourmonth period totalled 124432239 while for the same period ended july 31 1935 the total was 120494410 the exact increase was 3937829 j special expenditures also showed an increase over last year the figures indicate that 40091905 was expend ed under this head during the four months just closed last year the expenditure was 32533401 under the special expenditure heading are included payments for relief projects and grants for canadan national railways deficits and sundry charges in addition to income tax revenue receipts under the head of ordinary revenue for the four months with corresponding figures for the same period last year in brackets were as follows customs import duties 2fi- 422958 24545g80 excise duty 15488109 14990241 excise taxes 39434198 31710295 post office department 0401139 9101511 sundry departments 5903g7g 5- 819021 tho grand total of expenditure which includes ordinary special capi tal and loans and advances to prov inces railways harbor commissions and other organizations during the four months was 194838850 as compared with 177770772 for the same period a year ago thi produce prices united farmers cooperative co saturday were paying the following prices for produce eggs prices to producers cases retuned basis delivered toronto a large 24c a medium 23c b 19c c 17c butter no 1 ontario solids 25 as no 2 24c poultry quotations in cents dressed live dressed milkfed hens a a a over 5 lbs 14 10 4 to 5 lbs 13 15 3 to 4 lbs 11 13 spring broileis l2vi lbs 12 2vi3 lbs lb 33 vi lbs 14 8v44 lbs 15 over 4 lbs 10 o d roosters 7 9 hay and straw hay quotations in toronto satur day as provided by toronto dealers were no 2 timothy hay baled 900 to 1000 a ton no 3 timothy hay baled 700 to 800 a ton oat anj wheat straw baled sg00 to 700 a ton wholesale provision prices wholesale provision dealers are qoting the following prices to the toronto retail trade pork hams 24c shoulders 17c butts 19c loins 23c pinics 16 vic lard pure tierces 12vic tubs 12vic pails 13vic prints 13c shortening tierces 9c tubs luic pails 10c prints 10c tax to be added to all shortening pi ices grain quotations following are saturdays closing quotations on toronto grain trans actions for car lots prices on basis cif bay ports- manitoba wheat no 1 north ern 107 vi no 2 northern 105v4 no 3 northern 102 no 4 north ern 97 vic no 5 northern 91c no g wheat 90c western ooats no 2 cw 54 vic no 3 cw 51vic extra no 1 feed oats 51c no 1 feed 48c manitoba barley no 3 cw ggc no 5 cw g4c no 1 feed screenings 28 per ton delivered most ontario points ontario grrin approximate prices track shipping point wheat 95c tq 97c oats 43c to 45c barley 55 to goc corn 83 to 85c rye go to glc malting barley 9gc to 98c milling oats 43 to 45c we cannot be satisfied with any form of society in which human per sonality is submerged franklin d roosevelt many things which are thought to be original have been previously dis covered and forgotton dr william j moore the league of nations covenant is a perfectly good instrument it is badly played that is all and the mu sic is not good enough salvador de madarlaga ono of the most valuablo of all kinds of selfmastery is tho power of switching oft thoughts at the bidding ot the will dean ingo real social security la in selfre liance and neighboriines3 henry ford jfudgrbs j stand j r fidler how would you like to see a few fred perrys develop from to ronto community tennis clubs hasnt lawn tennis since its origination in the late 1800s been practically a sport in championship action for the upper class what i mean by upper class is this tennis has been restricted to more or less private clubs and if you had the money they could probably train you to great style but what if you didnt have the money however we wont worry about that that time lias seen us day tho toronto community lawn tennis association is now formed and in action this is the organization that is going to put a new light on com petitive tennis in toronto com munity clubs and there is the pos sibility of turning out champion ship players not today or tomorrow but in the future just the same as the united states turns them over from her public park tennis courts where they have started trained and fin ally been considered good enough to take a crack at a few laurels however to get back to where i started from the association is now in action at a meeting held monday aug ust 10 by representatives from moore park vermont dovercourt hillcrest north toronto and kew gardens community clubs the to ronto community lawn tennis association was permanently es tablished the founding of this association is the greatest launching of an organization in the history of to ronto community tennis the idea was thought of and talked about nigh on three years but it takes more than thought and talk so a group of capable and re sponsible community club repre sentatives got together under the initiative of mr george h green and put this idea into effect the representatives at the meet ing were moore park mr e b mcbryde mr w e morris hillcrest mr g h keith dovercourt mr j h smith a n gillcy vermont w binglcy north toronto george wingatc kew gardens george h green r fidler courtesy afloat why not 6b land c h j snider news director of toronto evening telegram writes weve been tryinf courtesy afloat and finding it pays sailors have been trying courtesy for centuries on the water courtesy is a practical neces sity its value is real and concrete it provides the safeguard in a tight place and the solution in a traffic problem without it chaos and con fusion would result and all the order and pleasure would go out of sailing sailors who drive cars know that the same principle applies on the highway motorists cannot afford to wait three or four centuries for a tra dition of driving courtesy to evolve because cars are killing people every day many motorists think courtesy means something fancy that wastes time and accomplishes nothing sail ors know better as a sailor i am happy to describe some of the inter esting angles on courtesy at sea showing their practical value in the hope that it will encourage some mo torists to try courtesy for a change at the wheels of their cars courtesy is the only medium for interpreting tho rule of tho road at sea the yacht as a sailing vessel has right of way over a steamer un less she is overtaking her but no yachtman worthy of tho name would attempt to exercise that right when it would force the steamer to alter her course and miss her landing go aground in a channel or even bewilder the officer on the bridge you will see instances of this cour tesy ever day in toronto bay you will also see sometimes the cour tesy shown by steamer captains in shutting off their belching smoke or going to leeward so as not to blacken a yachts sails among ourselves that it in the yachting fraternity who are all that is left to represent the old windusers courtesy is so much a rule that its absence is news thus commodore normai gooder- ham of the rcyc who has an auxiliary motor in his flagship yo landa will offer to tow sailing op ponents to the starting line and will tow them in again even after they have beaten him in a race starboardtack yachts have as is pretty well known even by landsmen the rightofway over other yachts close hauled or going free but every day in the week you will see star- boardtackers waiving their rights where auto sticklers would be waiving fists or protest flags in addition you will find that yachtsmen pratise the courtesy of fly ing the proper flag in the proper place either in greeting or welcom ing strangers or among themselves instead of blaring through fishhorns at one another like passing freight trains they dip the ensign the junior to the senior the senior acknowledg ing the salute if we go into an american port we continue to fly our own flag but we fly the appropriate american flag on our forcstaff or bowstaff if an american visitor cclnes in we do the same thing to welcome him and run the burgee of his club at the yard- arm of our flagstaff when wo leave our yacht to go ashore we run up a little blue absence pennant to save visitors the trouble of a fruitless row out to our moor ings when we are dining on board wo hoist the small white meal pennant to save them the embarrassment of coming aboard and finding us all at table these things are not swank they are courtesy and courtesy pays at present there are fourteen community tennis clubs in to ronto including three island clubs drama of an sos at sea to the wireless operator at sea the reception of a distress call is a moment of intense drama the sos may come to him suddenly from tho silence of a great ocean it may come as a despairing whisper amid tho radio clamor of crowded waters in either case it is an unforgettable ex perience his ship is nearing port perhaps scores of ships are working mes sages to and from shore tho in termingling notes frc n a multitude of various transmitters growling singing stuttering whistling becomo confuse in a hideous cacophony it is as if the ether had gone mad into this bedlam of sound comes a thin call for aid from a ship in des perate need sos sos sos for a short time it may appear to be unheard and unheeded as it strives for attention through the hope less din but someone hears it imperatively this operator calls to all ships in his vicinity to cease traffic no matter how urgent how important these others pass the command to yet others and so the news is hashed over a wide area and then the wire less notes begin to die wave after wave of sound subsides so in the stillness the distressed vessel is able to tap out its momen tous message without interference the wireless operators in the re ceiving ships are studies of grim con centration letter by letter tho do- liberate words are written down and rushed to the captain what follows is his responsibility it may happen that an operator having hnl little or nothing to do for hours in open waters is electrified by a sudden sos one night in january 1020 steam ing at sluggish eight knots oft the coast of rio del oro nw africa there came to me an unexpected sos it was from the french liner iafrique which had struck a battleship near rochelle in the bay of biscay this position showed her to be about 1200 miles away dead reckon ing it would have taken the ship in which i served a small portuguese tramp about five days to get there obviously we could do nothing rut listening to the messages ono was kept in touch with the grim dra ma that was being enacted so far away finally there came a message which read there is no panic all is calm after that there was silence they were the last words sent out by the gallant operator of lafrique before she sank two days later tho curtain descended on a grim drama the wireless news service to ships stated that there had been a loss of 550 lives maintain that a change in hog type is bound to come and the membership of the re maining eight community clubs mostly all unanimously in favor of the toronto community lawn ten nis association is pending on a committee meeting of each club the end of tho week should see the unity of the remaining clubs after the association has com pleted arrangements regarding membership their first activity will be to hold a citywide limited tournament about august 20 the entries will be classed in ladies singles mens singles ladies doubles mens doubles and mixed doubles there will be two singles con testants from each club in the singles events and one entry from each club in the doubles events and the winners will be city- champions for the year 193g so you can just jot a small note down in your diary something to this effect if hog raising is to continue to be profitable it is agreed among pack ers and those who have had the op portunity of studying market trends that a change in hog type is bound to come there arc now broadly speaking three types of hogs the rangy requiring a full year to reach market ability the intermediate needing nine months and the chuffy type that may be rushed off to mar ket in six months none of these types is meeting the new and grow ing demand the ideal hog should have the plumpness of the inter mediate the length of the rangy and something of the early matur ity of the chuffy type instead of carrying large excess deposits of fat on the back as at present the ideal hog should carry only sufficient fat in this region to give the desired quality to roasts and chops whereas the belly should develop to the thickness required for good bacon about ivi inches the carcass must be firm a require ment that presents a problem as yet unsolved for the present type of hog that develops only this thick ness of back fat is decidedly un finished and lack of finish is one of the major causes of soft carcasses the danes have developed almost the ideal type of hog it is lloshy without overfatness at any point and produces pork and bacon of a quality never reached by any other hogs why feed hogs to market at ten months to a year old when you can have the same weight and better finish at lower cost and have your hogs ready to move at six months it can bi done and is being done with properly balanced feeds ground grain with a small amount of tank age and always cane molasses with the same feeding values as corn n better fnttoncr and helping more than anything else to ke- stock of every kind in condition v