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i addreie communications to agronomist 73 adelaide 8t wtrt tcrcal how and why of artificial hatching incubators are classed as mam moth and small machines the former run in sizes ranging from 1200 up to 20000 capacity and one has even reached a capacity of 40000 eggs usually these large machines are sectional in construction are heat ed by hot water and use one coal- burning stove for the source of heat in some types gas or oil is used there are various distinctive features pecu liar to the kind or make of incubator in question mammoth machines are used practically only on the large poultry plants or those making a specialty of hatching chicks in very large quantities the socalled small incubators are made in sizes of from 30 to 800egg capacity and are known as the hot- air or the hotwater type referring to the manner in which the egg chamber receives its heat the hotwater kinds depend upon tlie principle of radiation to distribute the heat somewhat on the order of the hotwater heating systems in homes a metal tank or pipe system usually made of copper is built in fixed position into the in cubator and is filled with water heat ed by a lamp attached to the machine tha heat radiates to the eggs on the tray in the egg chamber keeping them at the required temperature during the hatch in the hotair type there are some variations in the exact principle of heating in some makes warm air is introduced into the egg chamber and diffused over the eggs in others the heated air does not enter directly in the temperature will drop and not return to the prescribed heat for sev eral hours while the eggs are warm ing up to adjust the regulator at this time to hurry up the heat woud be a serious mistake dont do it if you want to get a good hatch the critical time tho first week of the hatch is the perennial phlox without the perennial phlox many a garden would present a dull show after midsummer this plant is one of the most hardy perennials as it multiplies rapidly blooms freely audi makes a great display in the border to get the- best results they should have an abundant supply of moisture and a damp situation should be chosen for them when possible their worst enemy is a tiny insect called the- red spider which however is not ft the childrens hour how to study birds 1 treat all birds with the utmost kindness j never destroy tha birds eggs ov rests if vou wish to learn about bird life 3 one of the best ways to knmv your friendly kitchen by clementine paddleford j have you ever seen a kitchen j suppose your curt sins are of plain smile sometimes they do i blue gingham or ehambrry and the- i have been in kitchens that beamed yooiwik either dark or white a with friendliness and all tho credit vajanee mad of a straight piece of for their eheerincss didnt belong to fliov- oilcloth edged it the- blue ma- scouring powders and soapsuds terial of tho curtain would be- effec- clanliness was only a psrt of their tive to save work 12inch pieot- charm color did the rest leaped shelving which costs about 15 decoration for the kitchen why cents a yard can be used the only greater care must be given than at any other time there is no cause for alarm if the temperature should vary a degree or even two either way from time to time- if the average temperature is maintained the results very troublesome except in dry sea- j birds is by their songs and musical rot p womeo s on the aver- j sowing required jii tho making is the sons where tho red spiders are notes 1 ago 0 s hours a dav in this room eiitcliing of a hem for thu rod the abundant the leaves become yellowish 4 remember that birds sing when o the stqve amj th s about jcurtains can be drawn back and held where they are working and their tney are happy and are enjoying life etvne davs of the year thats by oilcloth bunds edged in fcjas like the valznce chairbacks f oilcloth with flat chair seats upholsteiel firmly will change dilapidated kitchen chairs into attractive pieces of furniture one brightcolored cushion can raiso the whole tens of r room a email round oilcloth pillow for the work stool with oilcloth strings to ties st in place can be made in a few minutes at the sewing machine if tho kitchen has presence may be known by these but not when they feel that they are rcakm ennl wn the kitchen should lighter patches as they are feeding f danger i pleasant to the eves as well as to on the under side of the leaves anyj 5 when watching and studying back and f most critical in tho whole process andj spray which is used must be applied birds keep as still as possible move th9 k best coos hav j there to do this effectively one per- qu an avo all loud noises or of co kiu swedish kit- son should hold back the foliage with t i chens are a riot of brightness with a stick or rako handle and another do 6 keep a diary and write down ail lheir paiiu walls and fhai cwl u in holland discover about rows of decorated plates soap or kerosene emulsion will con- observe carefully the parent birds ieve in kitchen beautv kariv coljan indoor covered woodbox a long trol it if used frequently a aittle feeding the young ones onial kitchens were of a friendly sort upholstered oilclwth pillow fastened to flowers of suphur mixed with these g do not try to- approach birds too lheir widfi bcaith tires sending slim the lid with brass thumb tacks gives will make them more effective j closely when they are feeding nesting bright shadows many varieties of perennial phlox or nestbuilding watch them through pdter created have been tested at the experimental a fieldglass if you can i farms a careful examination from 9 set up a bird table in winter year to year has led the dominion wne the birds are hungry feed them kitchens have advanced they have set made of oilcloth is both gav and horticutunst to recommend the fol- cru crusts grain scraps etc and become scientific laboratories for pro- practical there is no wachdav for lowing covering the various colors wa them at close range paring meals with antonin mercie bright violet sufj into the egg chamber but is confined ehine some operators spnnke the first to a mstal tank from which heat e wat a radiates to the eggs and in still p a sha p of water ln the others there is a combination of both the spraying cold water frequently uew f t you and forcibly applied will be found birds 11 1 u- pfffftivn anil anv nf fhr tirt nrvs tr i e i 1 hie buc and white tiles of the kitchen uv 0 necme ana any or the contact sprajs 7 le to take pictures of birds- l will be the same as though the therjsuch as mcjrtine sujjphate whate ou make sketches of nests and eggs and am pan own ancutersw mometer 6howed no variation what- 1 ij ever soma operators prefer slight variations tho thermometer placed on or near an infertile or deadgerm egg will not give correct registration therefore eggs must be tested twice during the hatch to remove all that do not have a live chick embryo the amount of moisture required during incubation is a difference of opinion successful hatches have been made without the addition of mois ture under certain conditions again some machines require more moisture than others but it is safe to say more poor hatches are the result of not enough moisture than from too much how to sotrly moisture a good way and at the same time an easy way to supply moisture is to keep the floor of the incubator room wel sprinkled thus allowing the air to bacoma more moist before it enters tho egg chamber another way is to set pails or pans of water near the appearance of a cos givc corner oss the brass and it the sunshine of ihcirj scat j perhaps you breakfast in the kit- kitchens arent liko that today i chen most of us do a breakfast paring meals with the least possible this breakfast set it can botrinunmj 10- fountains or waterbasins and e but somehow in our eager- i with flowers cut from contrasting fused with white large white centre houses placed where all is safe for tho nes8 to eliminate steps and stoops we colors and appliqued tho outer edge consul h trostpure red with birds in summer will attract and hold french purple centre the birds and make a constant study eclaireur bright rosy magentaj 0 them possible shading lighter one of the earliest elizabeth campbell- salmon pink a very pleasing dehorningcattle tho best time to dehorn is when head makers claims the advantages claimed by each manufacturer are carefully described in thair catalogues and it is advisable to closely study the literature sent out in order to make an intelligent choice the source of heat is commonly an oil- burning lamp although some electric incubators are on the market that are giving satisfaction when used accord ing to the manufacturers directions incubator beneath the egg tray the necessity for moisture is not to add water to the eggs but to prevent too rapid evaporation of their normal water content after the first ten days the eggs should not normally dry down so that the aircell in the large end of the egg is larger than the size of a siiver quarterdollar this may be determined by testing the eggs turning the eggs up until the third or fourth day the door of the machine should not be now as to size two 150egg ca- rn m paeity machines are preferred i vj to one 3003 size unless the larger the eighteenth day the eggs should one can be filled with eggs not more t- dally than a week old at the time of placing length of time in coomg depends them in the machine the fresher the the temperature of the room eggs tho more even and satisfactory will ba the hatch where to put the incubator is next in importance a wellventilated cel lar or basement where the temper ature stays from 50 dag to 60 deg f and the condition and the advance the eggs have made in incubation all this and other important advice is given in the instructions sent out by i the manufacturers the growing chick inside the shell j an ideal place some cellars are quires much less fresh air during poorly ventilated they are too deep first haif of icubation than it in the ground and consequently are shading lighte color etna or mounet sully bright crimson red with darker centre both asfjlwfii ti very good wm robinson salmon large flow widar or lamartinebright violet bsin fi to ruh a bi of is with largo white centre have forgotten that this most humble the cloth or doilies may ba finished room of the home may contain the with a band of color io match the greatest charm i bowers if this is too much work winter is the kitchens gloomiest leave the set with the- edge3 untrim- time it seems to turn down the corn- m or merely scallopsd with the ers of its mouth and scowl a dull j scissors bored scovi that is reflected in the a screen is a welcome addition in dish water and the soup that is trans- the kitchen where breakfast is served j scraping of the button with a knife mitted into the diningroom and the the screen frame which any man can until the blood oozes then the applical livingroom it infects the cook herj mako in a couple of hours may be tion of a little caustic potash first self all the warm water and eow covered with oilcloth decorated with likely to he too damp others may be too dry after the machine is set level so there will be no high or low spots the adjusting nut on the regulator should be screwed down to guard against overheating at the start too many operators make the mistake of turning the adjusting nut up or down if there is a slight variation in temp erature successful operators never touch the regulator but if the temp erature is too high or too low they endeavor to correct it by turning the wick up or down in the case of lamp- heated incubators or making corres ponding changes in the amount of fire where other kinds of heat are em ployed new wick for each hatch a new wick should be used for each hatch ore lampheated incubators and tho oil reservoir should be filled daily preferably in the afternoon so as to have enough oil to last until morn ing tho lamp bowl however should not be filled full as expansion of tho oil when warmed will make the bowl overflow all lamp fixtures should be wiped clean and dry every day begin with a mediumsize fire or lamp flame and make adjustments with such the heat control can then be more easily handled from start to finish after running the incubator for about 24 hours after all necessary ad justments have been made it is ready for the eggs when the eggs are put does tho last half after- the tenth day the amount of ventilation can be increased gradually but quite rapidly until it is time for the hatch to be taken out of the incubator chicks should not be removed from the incubator until the hatch is com pleted and the lasthatched chicks are dry up to then the door must not be opened research in applied science the research work of the dept of physics of the ontario agricultural college has during the past year been confined to the following branches of applied science 1 initial experiments to determine the reason for certain types of trees being more often struck by lightning than others 2 a tests of antisiphon traps for use in farm plumbing to eliminate as far as possible back venting j b simplified joints for farm plumbing systems 3 completion of experiments made to determine the correct methods of testing resistances of lightning rod grounds with a view to suggesting changes in rules and regulations gov erning these a circular on farm plumbing is being prepared the difference between a motor and a man is that one knocks going up hill and tho other one on the down grade if you cant boost dont knock that is not a new saying but its worth while repeating pantheencrimson pink suffused t bu fi wu with white about centre i tk this simple humane practical pyramid or finances flowers ed smal calves pure white both very good i wheu tcomes to oder animals saw- selmalilac rose with conspicuous ln or cupping off the horns must be crimson eye j resor to europe pure white wtih crimson cattle feeders frequently buy horn- carmine centre j cattle because of price attraction miss lingard white with a lilac almost alwa lfc w1 p to dehorn centre is an early free blooming var- such animals especially calves or icty which should be in every coeec- yerings when one is properly y equipped the job is not difficult tapis blancone of the best whites a dehorning chute is the first rj and prime requisite george a strohlein orange scar- 0ur chute stand tne end j narrow passage which opens off of mme m carvalhomottled white the fting pens it is built of and pink twoinch oak and is vshaped the to secure continuous fine bloom and bottom of the chute is eighteen inches healthy plants that retain their fol- fl to three feet at the top iage during the whole scason it in s fest ion alld s at necessary to lift the plants about onco thc front end are two pieces of two- in three years and plant back small bysixinch oak which pivot at the divisions of them after fertilizing the b f one bot through each soil the pieces to be replanted should p the top of tlreso plecss s be taken from the outside of the a halfinch rope tied securely to one clump canadian horticultural coun- p and ru through a pulley c which is fastened to the top of tho j other since these pieces work freely in tho world count for less around the base of the horn to pre- than nothing in restoring the kiteheiij will do the beam pigeons mate for life on th bolts below they may ba ad- it is too early yet to begin painting one doesnt get the houseeleaning fever till the first fly buzzes in maybe too this is the year when you are a little applique flower design opan shelves in the kitchen add their charm to tho room if they are dressed in oil cloth to match the valances consis tency is the secret of artistic dec orating designs painted on oilcloth are al- going to economize on new household wa pretty but this takes a little expenses vou will start on the kit- more vprk enamel oil paint should chen one always does there is to be used but if this cant be had in be no new paint and no new curtains local store the ordinary tube a dreary outlook paint mixed with hard auto varnish take a tip from fifty years ago and instead of oil or turpentine will ans- buy oilcloth yes just the ordinary wer tlv will give a finish that will kind like mother and grandmother withstand constant washing before her used on the kitchen table we have used percale calico pon gee ginghams muslin nets scrim oilcloth is easy to clean wiping with a damp cloth restores its original brightness the oilcloth kitchen and cheesecloth we have advanced smiles its way late into the summer its trimmings as gay as the day you carried them home with the groceries from ginghams to chintz frogetting oilcloth the cheapest most durable kitchen material of them all in color it is diverting permanent even in sunlight this spring the new colors in blue applegren rose battleship- gray and gold are to be had in the a mare of ours used to keep us and the neighborhood awake nights kick ing in the stall forty times between undown and sunrise she pounded her inexpensive oilcloths as well as in i partition first on one side then on j jt i justed to accommodate the size of the pigeons mate for life unlike other species of the feathered tribe they an driven into th the anj are ever lathful to each o her infidel- ma stjcks head th h ity with them is virtua ay unknown b tte ec a auendallt they are models of propriety and an th ces faithful to their nest and youngthat vvii n i is the rule and tho exceptions are very few considering tho thousands of pairs mated in a large plant from time immemorial the pigeon has been classed as the emblem of innocence of all the feathered race it is the most gentle and affectionate ufaws iielu uuw1 on ule la tho devoton and affection shown by and hom it thfire whiie the horns mated pans is something that can not the more expensive damasks with thei feltlined backs lyets do your kitchen over first chooso a color scheme some people just naturally think in the conven tional terms of dark brown and dull tan as a universal accompaniment to the gentle art of cooking lets choose something gay for your kitchen yet something that contrasts pleasantly with the walls and woodwork buy together holding the animal securely in front of tha chute projects a swing ing table another rope working through a pulley comes up loop fash- 1 ion through this table from beneath this rope is placed over the head back of the ears and a pull on this rope draws the head down on the table e be adequately described the watchj findtetrs faster than the saw fulness and care the birds display d ite sat although a over their young the moment they are ate flow of ood fo am tq hatched tiny helpless things is some- money you can get it at any cross roads general store the other we got some traps one day set them in the barn and kept setting them till we had captured 28 rats that ended the kicking in the barn dont put lye in your drains to clear them a friend writes that it was tried and the drains had to be dug up as they were full of soft seap its very reasonable as our grand- few yards of oilcloth with the egg parents made soft soap from grease and lye drains so dont use lye in your thing wonderful so great is their l the method of severing the veins im- mediately the horns are sheared off love and care for their young that we ins2rt a toothpick into tne arger should one of them die at an early age and not be removed the parents will continue hovering the dead one even until if becomes offensive j when pigeons are married theyj not only remain as true as steel but they divide labor are over in each others company are not attracted by veins to the depth of a quarter to a half inch breaking off the pick a bit of oakum is then stuffed in the horn cavity and the animal released the entire operation is accomplished within two or three minutes in warm weather or when flies are new faces do not bother about their to bother we smear pine tar thn- neighbors business and are always fl turpentine around the base busy at their own work i of the horn before the horn is remov- the male bird carries the stems of f t h hay or whatever material he can th h r not e gather to the nest and the hen arl p because the bood under the ranges it in order the older a male p l frora penetrating pigeon grows the more fatherly ha be j through the hair down to the skin conies there is in fowls no affection tha ks hence so near the human being in its finer th applied is not so effective as nature as that of pigeons owing to it th t f t this intense affection more birds are w p owever best grieved to death by isolation than die from disease should two young cocks ba in love to avoid dehorning in waiiii weathtr when flics are apt to bother and cause i a lot of trouble hate fa or early ffiestd0k v- j wv iuye sprin i the best time with the same hen tha jealousy be- stock john living over on the 4th told this story just five yecrs ago i took account of myself then i started to weigh the milk from my herd of nondescript cows in four months i had sold seven and in twelve months i only had two of my original herd but had bought four more mjr herd was reduced to six but i was getting as much milk as from the 18 now i have 15 cows some pure bred and others good grade and a real good bull am i making any money well you can bet your hat im not losing any what john did others can do use better bulls comes so intense- that a deadly fight- 1 is the result they fight with their i beaks and wings catching hold of tha j skin of the head with their baaks and striking each other vigorously withi their strong wings j once in a great while n pigeon may tire of his mate and seek another but then ho courts trouble the compani ion of the bird he covets at once makes a vigorous protest if this doss not conquer the intruder he is often at tacked by the entire male element in tho loft and either driven from hisj homo or killed j the male selects the nest and then endeavors to pcrsuada his mate to join him should she refuse lie drives and scolds her every now and then hitj ting her with his bill issue no 9 25 i hear clara marrici jack for bet ter or for worse i no- for more or less lit of avaiirbld dullrtln and hcpcrli 157 tlc cciluee moth 18s wfils or ontario 101 apiip orcharding ips llme sulphur wash jiatpberitn here s an opportunity for t lie fanners of ontario to 522 iufrniiii ami get free expert information on practically any siib- grmhhmn j connected with ontario fanning conmioiioii whether you go in for stock breeding dairy fanning sri vettiawo gin poultry raising fruit growing triiclcrgartlelillig or any sio jiacirriii titt other branch of agriculture iliereis a book among 2 bivsmeiiuii v those listed that will mean dollars and dollars of came cf niiimiih value to yon 3 nature ktudv w theite books are written by experts am from the ln farmers point of view thev are wriiten for you 219 the itar in ontfrio 200 msecis atuckine farmers and are the results of years of practical fruit trff testing and experimenting io get lie most profitable 2k lrestrrmion or kotwi results out of all kinds of farming tlioy cot you jioe cnnlnj nollllnir v llcst of 1iilt tte- v 8 201 wiimi end kre he ontario hepartinent of agriculture wants every sua sutar iioets ontario farm to lie a successfulfann we ask yon to m0 osmkist keud for a o llletlyisiii which you are ili ac rtin wetr sm riy terested and it will be mailed io yon immediately end sewate dliiosel fieo of charge 208 farm rropi cooperation with farmers 209 uy and iitdn in each county there are local offices in charge of ror iraf ciov officers of the ontario department of agriculture si write or call on fhonearest one and the officials will 2o iiitlikr help you with any problem not covered in the bulle- i motor tranijlatln tllls abollt which jou wflllt bclvico we wish to co- in nurai ontario operate lake ndvantagc of this offer 2k milk irotluotlon t ki ai- r- a rs cno 285 nr tmi ir1 free to oniario farmers making any bulletin or repoii listed below may he securetl if s free of charge by any ontario kurmor in applying 2iiv riio risot m lo lc ontario iepartjiioni of agriculture parliament aiaiketint of pviario nulldiiigf ioroulo ilullelins may be ordered either ciieere by name or number liiil ask for reports bv name mi von itv oni f0r vouk convbnibxcb hist mark a 1 nk cross against tub huluktiv ju report u iraftlni fml iw you want on tub list herewith sign your name and aopress in the slace iwiioiue rr ijef1 fqh t punposk tea out this 208 soirsunejv fagk and maii to us so tie cso f ontario deparlment of agriculture op parliament builclingr toronto a lljl st hcn j s martin ba minister of aoriculture ruu any bulletin or report free to ontario farmers only rn iiiattm to individuals onlsitlo of omiiio they will be sent fcttie postage fjee on receipt of jn- each for ijrillctins m seek tr ivuirr and 1 5c each for annual reports tiio department jtc old sai tn the does not undertake to supply booklets to pupils c7 swnk rii rd fre0 cf ch iumsmtm th ontario department of agriculture if ar parliament buildings toronto iiiiarrcn brrr p sem me e bulletins and reports as marked rrel llran1 name wabi rav 1ut krane address itv etd ivmjakoa llran- aellce