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HENRY BIBB, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. VOICE OF THE FUGITIVE Every other Weiteeiapate Glee Canada West. TERMS. ONE DOLLAR per annum, always in ad- yance. No subseription will be réceiyed for a less term than six months. Advertisements, not exceeding ten Jines, in- serted four times for one dollar. Every subsequent insertion twenty-five cents. List of Agents, Canada West: Amherstburg, D. Hotch- kiss and Leyi Foster. Sandwich, Israel Campbell. ; Chatham: James Ei. Grant. Dawn Mills: George Cary. Toronto: J. T. Fisher. Michigan: J. F. Dolbeare, Raison ; Fran- cis King, Flint; Dr. Barnes, Owasso ; Chester Gurney, Centreville. dilinois: Mr. Kasiman, Chicago; Rey. Mr. Miller, Aurora; Dr. L. Hale, Dundee. Massachusetts: R. EF, Waleut, 21 Corn- hill, Boston; Mrs. W. Blakemore, Boston ; J. Morse, No. 5 Water-street ; Henry Rich- ards, Fall River; Rev. Wm. Brewster, Lowell ; Rufus Elmer, Springfield ; Rev. A Stockman, Worthington ; W. Harley, North- hampton; W. Fuller, Amherst; Rey. Mr Fos- ter, Littleville. °° ; New Jersey: Rey. H, P. Rogers. New York: Wm. Harned, No. 48, Beekman st., New York; L. C. Matlack, No. 3 Spruce- st; J. N. Glaucester, 40 West Broadway ; Wm. Rotter, Hudson; John Miles, Albany ; G. W. Loguen, John Lyle, Syracuse ; George Weir Jr., Buifalo ; Lewis Clark, Busti. New Hampshire: Edward Bracket, Dover; A. T. Foss, Manchester, Elder.Brooks, Great Falls. Ohios' Wm. Merrett, Maumee City ; J. R. Gains. Cincinnati ;, Henry Dabuer, Elyria. Pennsylvania: Dr. Bies, Wm, Still, Hsther Moore, Philadelphia ; M. R. Delancy, Pitts- urg. deni Theodore Holly, Burlington. England: Rey. Josiah Henson, London also.Rey. H. H. Garnet and Dr. J. W. C. Penuington, and Isaac Henson. Slaveholding Apprehensions. From the tone assumed by many of the Southern papers, we would almost be led to conclude that slavery is considered as one urs youchsafed to man Under what- ever circumstances this subject is discussed, We neyer observe. that the most remote idea is. entertained, by the yarious writers, that the system may possibly be a moral evil-- they speak of its extension and its perpetuity with the same off-hand freedom as writers assume who are really advocating principles intrinsically beneficial to tho whole of man- kind. We are ata loss to account for this indifferenceto the commonly understood rule of right, unless) it is, that self-interest has so thoroughly blinded the moral percep- tions of the slavery advocates that they be- lieve in the justice of forcibly depriving an entire community of the privileges which the great and good men of allages have demon- strated to be the unqnestionable right of every member of the human family. This would really appear to be the case, for we find that not only is the determination strong to maintain slavery where it is said to be absolutely required, but a disposition is mani- fosted to compel its maintenance in localities where its utility has become problematical. A recent number of the Savannah Geor- gian endeavors to show that the privilege of importing slaves into the cotton regions from Maryland, Virginia, Missouri and Kentucky, will ultimately lead to the abolition of sla- very in those States. On 'this subject we have' the following remarks : "We must compel them to remain, for all coming time, united in a common cause with us, by walling up their slaves within their own limits ; or at least by farnishing them no outlet in this direction. "Slavery would still exist in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylyania and perhaps New England, but for the opportunity which the South atforded to masters in those States, (whose consciences beeame tender as slavery beeame unprofitable), of realising handsome sums by sending their negroes to better markets. : "We do not say that the inhabitants of tho more northerly slave States, are yet ready to get rid of slavery ; what we say is, that the States further South should provent them from ever getting ready, by making it im- possible for them to throw off their slaves upon us, It will depend no little upon our course in réference to this matter whether we retain them as 8s, or Gonvert them into enémies. While they have slavery, with no power to freé themselves from it, eelf-defence, yes, their very existence as civilized commu- nities, will foree them to make common cause with us in defence of an institution, whose of the greatest bless by a benevolent Providence. SANDWICH, 0. W., DECEMBER 8, 1851. to our well being. On the other hand, allow them to get rid of it, as it becomes less pro- fitable, by the old process' of sending their slaves Southward, and they become like those further North, our foes. The strength of our opponents is already sufficiently great; surely we should not, by our folly, make it more overwhelming. _* And the earlier the States above men- tioned are informed that they, no more than those South of them, can ever escape from slavery, the better forthem and for us. When convinced of this, they will the more readily take concerted action with their slaveholding sister States, for the protection of an institu- tion, the destruction of which will seal the the doom of every community in which it exists. They nowshow themselves quite too willing to concede to Northern demands, believing that when the evil day comes it, will come for others not themselves. Let us convince them that for weal or for wo, for the present and the future, now and forever, our lot must be theirs, and our doom their fate, "This can only be done by compelling them to keep their slaves within their own limits." Can we conceive a more selfish method of viewing the question than is here developed? The bare chance of a slave state ridding itself of the accursed system, either by eman- cipation, or otherwise, awakens the terror of those who are absorbed, body and soul, in the infamous traffic. This is the feoling which we might expect; yet, at the same time, we could hardly anticipate seeing it thus publicly expressed. It is, however, a source of satisfaction to us that there appre- hensions are entertained, for we feel con- vinced that the puny efforts of the slave power to counteract the spread of equitable principles on this subject will be futile; and any process which tends to abbreviate the limits of slavery, is gradually paving the way for its final extinction. Letter from Hiram Wilson. St. Catherines, Nov. 12. Dear Bro. Bibb, Having upon me an immense pressure of labor and care, I find it difficult to gratify my own feelings, or benefit others by the use of my pen. Since the great Conventions of September at Toronto, Buffalo, and Cleveland, we have had rathor exciting times ; the great volcanic eruptions haying been at Christiana and Syracuse, Iwill give you some of the re- sults of the latter before I come to a close. My main object at present is to give your just taken to the Grand River and back, and of the colored settlement on that river, near Cayuga. Vinding it difficult to avail my- self of a better mode of conveyance than my feet, which have always done me good ser- vice, I started on Thursday last, having before mo a clever walk (37 miles) to reach the settlement. The roads were very muddy and unpleasant most of the way. I had the pleasure, however, of passing through a yery fine section of the country, which is particu- larly adapted to lumbering, grain-growing and grazing. I passed many very extensive and beautiful farms which were watered by the Chippewa river, and some fine buildings, though most of the houses were but indifferent in quality. The greatest evil I discovered by the way, was, the ruinous practice of drinking. I endeayored not only to bear an honorable testimony against the practice, by my example, but took occasion to distri- bute some temperance, as well ds religious tracts, and to hold conversations on the sub- ject, which, I hope, may prove salutary. I found, about one mile from Grand River, an interesting settlement of 18 or 19 families, besides a small group of colored settlers, two miles distant, on a public road, making, in all about 24 families. They all have farms, varying in quantity, from 50, to, 150 acres, the aggregate being two thousand aeres or more. I found on each lot a comfortable log cabin, and usually from twenty to thirty acres of cleared land, though some of the settlers have been there but thrée or four years. The land was pur- chased of the Government at #834 an acre, though some of the last purchasers will have to pay $4 per acre, including interest. Tho land was secured to the settlers by paying an entrance fee, and each settler will have to pay interest annually till the principal shall have been paid, when they can have their deeds. The Jand has on it much yalu- able timber, which is in great demand. It is generally level, or gradually undulating, and when cleared of trees and stumps, re- minds you somewhat of western prairies, The soil consists generally of a dark rich loam, with a subsoil mostly of olay, with here and there ridges overgrown with pine trees and shrubbery, indicating the presence preservation is necessary to thetr, as well as of sarid near the surface. readers some account of a rural walk I havepbeccher SPTVES anae I found the people generally cheerful, contented and happy, and the majority in in quite comfortable circumstances. With rare exceptions, the adults were formerly slaves in the South, though I came across one man who was free, but had earned as a blacksmith, and paid one thousand dollars for the freedom of his wife and children. I gaye the people a lectuye on Saturday eyening, which was listened to with profound attention. In the course of my remarks, I urged the cause of mental and moral eleva- tion by integrity, temperance, industry and good economy, and took the liberty to hold up and urge the support of your Paper as a means of enlightenment. On Sabbath, tho 10th instant, I had the pleasure of preaching twice ina good old-fashioned schoolhouse, full of earnest listeners. I shall do the best T can to encourage education among them, and hope ere long to get them a teacher. With regard to theconyulsion at Syracuse, it drove to Canada Brother J. W. Logan, who, I believe, is a noble-minded and faithful minister of the Gospel. He would gladly haye maintained his ground at the risk of sacrificing his life, and falling a martyr; but, for the sake of liberty, which is sweeter than life, he thought best to come over. 'To have tarried longer would haye been in the highest degree presumptuous. If at last he had a " tall walk" from the presence of in- human monsters, who would certainly have re-enslayed him, it was a very justifiable one. He was not apprehensive of any moye being made tc ransom him from the hellish slave power with gold or silyer; I am glad he is with us in Canada where he can be free, and, as a sable Kossuth, commend himself to the sympathies of all true friends of impartial freedom. Quite a number of others have lately come here from Syracuse, and are likely to do well. Please excuse me for writing so long a let- ter. My apology is, that I have not time to make it shorter. Our work is onward; God is blessing our efforts. Ihave lately visited the settlement at Norwich and prepared the way for a teacher, who is doubtless there by this time. More anon. Very respectfully yours, For Christ and humanity, Hiram WILson. Kossuth and, ottgn. oe Under this captionfithie Rey. Hi@nry Ward 4 RNAS Z . Gansticwand eli article in the Independent, exposing the hypocrisy of pretending to honor the cham- pions of liberty in other lands, while uphold- ing slayery in their own. We can only give room for a part. of the dialogue between the great Magyar, on his arrival at Staten Island, and some of the most distinguished oppo- nents of the doctrine of Higher Law, such as Dr. Dewey, Dr. Spring, Dr. Lord: The oldest clergyman approaches Kossuth, and welcomes him to his own land of liberty and equality. Its blessings are described. The statistics of our prosperity are briefly stated: " All these things, says the excellent spokesman, we owe, under God, to our liberty. No people can thrive while ground by oppression." This happy laudation of liberty being done, the gentlemen. proceed to question his notions of law and govern- ment, patriotism and treason, "Does your Excellency believe that sla- very is a sin per se? Do you not regard it as a Patriarchal institution, tolerated by Je- hovah, not abrogated by Christ, and, if pro- perly used, a beneficent arrangement for the blacks. Mr. Kossuth (being perhaps more used lately to the sword than theology) may be supposed to be a little confused, and rather evades so unsavory a catechism, But our good divines are too expert in ex- amining candidates in theology in all the nice distinctious into which Truth has been split up, to be easily dodged. And so Doc- tor Spring says, plainly-- "Would you, sir, if by uttering the prayer for it, you could release every slave in America tc-morrow,da re to utter such a rayer ?" "That I should very quickly," responds the illustrious ecatechumen, a little off his guard by the directness of the question. The divines nudged each other. 'There is business on hand "Do you mean to inquire by this question gentlemen, whether I have done night in running away from the service of the Empe- ror of Austria?" "No sir; oh, no! You are a white man. Perhaps we ought to put the question a lit- tle more explicitly. Do you believe that a black man held to slavery in South Carolina, has a right to run away ?" The English tongue being yet a little new, Mr. Kossuth does not exactly know what South Carolina is, (an ignorance perhaps of which her own citizens somewhat partake), 7 and supposing that % the name of some pn- \ son or government galley, answers, that "if a man 1s imprisoned for crime he thinks that he ought to work his sentence out whether he is white or black." "Do you think that, when a man is flying for liberty, that any one has a right to help him off?" "Oh, certainly, I do. I quite agree with your Government, gentlemen, who have kindly provided me this noblesteamer where- with to escape from the Emperor of Austria." "But do you think that if a fugitive, is arrested, that it is right for men to conspire together for his rescue against the express laws of his native land ?" "Ah, gentlemen, you are quite familiar with my case. I perceive that you allude to my extradition from Katuhyia, against the edict of the Emperor of Austria. I quite agree with you gentlemen, that the Turks did a noble thing." The Doctors then concluded to leave him a copy of their several sermons in fayor of obeying the Fugitive Slave Law,--turning down leaves on the most salutary passages: --" Dr. Spencer called his attention to the doctrine (on page 17 of his pamphlet) " A man has no right to fling away his life for a mere sentiment, and leave his wite a widow, or his grey-haired parents without a son to solace them." 'This is a part of the state- ments that citizens have no right to resist Government until there is a good prospect of success. Upon this passage Kossuth pon- ders: and as he walks up and down his own deserted cabin and soliloquizes;--As if the greatest achievements of the world were not in their inception gloom, and the cheerless to all usual methods of estimation it is the heart dermined to die--it is that courage which cries out give me liberty or give me death; it is that nobleness of nature that scorns to accept life as a burden of disgrace, and hastens to lay it down as a sacrifice to liberty ; in short it is that sublime and heroic determination of great souls to vindicate man's manhood, living or dying, that ever gives success! Hyery Hungarian that has fallen is a tongue of liberty in the world. Between the Russian Bear and Austrian Snake there was but little hope of victory for their native land. But though Hungary has lost her best sons the world has gained them. They stand up above all division lines of States, and inspive men everywhere with a hatred to oppression and determination to be free. No it is the mark of a coward to be afraid to strike until he is sure of victory suntil he has calculated the profit and loss id has a safe commercial prospect of gain- o*! Tt is the very mark, im all ages, of a May, that he is willing to die for a "Sznr1- ment!" Tur Canapa Directory.--We haye re- ceived from Mr. Mackay a copy of this worl, which is printed in the Royal Octayo form, and contains 692 pages. It appears to us to be almost superfluous to refer to the great amount of intelligent labor and. expense which must necessarily haye been expended to have produced this voluminous compilation, as that will at once be apparent to every one who examines it; yet, notwithstanding, we question seriously, whether Mr.Mackay, the Editor, will receive that full measure of credit to which his arduous labors justly en- title him. As a useful work, the Directory must be- come a sine qua non; to the business men throughout the Province, it will be found to be indispensable; while for general infor- mation, it will be eagerly sought for. We are glad to perceive that it is the in- tention of Mr. Mackay to publish another edition in 1845, The issue before us is from the press of Mr. Lovell, and is printed in a superior manner: the binding is also well and neatly executed, by Messrs. R. & A. Miller, and altogether, the toute ensemble re- flects great credit on all concerned.--Mon- treal Pilot. Tun Conprrion or Evrorpr.-- There is hardly a great city in Europe (says Galig- nant) which one might not suppose to be inhabited by wild beasts rather than men, or by enemies rather than citizens, such is the formidable character of the means employed to secure its tranquillity and obedience.-- Ramparts frown on the people from the river side or the brow of the hill; there' are bar- yacks and guard-houses in every quarter; there are troops always in movement: the drum never ceases; at every public place you may stumble on a group of soldiers, ready to turn out on the approach of the officer in command; and you feel as if it were not so much a city as a camp you are dwelling in. France is hardly more fortunate in this respect than the other great Powers of Hu- rope; but there are, we believe, still about a hundred thousand soldiers in the department of the Sene, and Lyons, a mere manufac- turing city, is policed by more than thirty thousand." Compare this state of things with the tranquillity and freedom of Britain, and of every country wherem her race pre- dominate. & VOL. I. NO. 2. Light. How 10 Dusrroy Tax Ev#-stcnr. The eye is an optical instrument, in pér- fection far surpassing all human' skill, It has the power of adjusting itself, within cer- tain limits, to long and short distances, and to different degrees of light. Its axis can be directed to the zenith or the nadir, as well as to any point of the horizon. The picture formed on the retina, is exeeedingly small, yet so delicate and sensitive is the nervous texture of this membrane, that a forest of a hundred oaks can be imagined there and the outline of each tree distinctly recognized. The eye, in its physical constitution, is ex- actly adapted to the light which the Deity has provided as its stimulant. It can' be'im- proved and strengthened by use, if it is'used in obedience to the laws which God has es+ tablished; but if those laws are violated impaired or defective sight is the result. It is of some consequence then, that the school room should be lighted with reference to the laws of vision. It is acknowledge by our best oculists, that no small proportion of defective eyesight, has its origin in' the beso. The wonder is that more eyes are not destroyed. In many of our school houses 'the windows are inserted on four sides of the room, without blinds or curtains, Not unfrequently some of the scholars are required to sit with the sun shining directly in the face, The most delicate organ of the human body cannot be thus exposed during childhood, without receiving more or less in- jury. The best position for a scholar, when studying, is to sit with his back to the win- dow and receive the light over his shoulders. It is not always convenient however, to ar- range a school room in this way, as it would allow windows only on one side, The next arrangement is, to insert the win- dows on two sides, in the right and left of the scholars. = _ Large windows distribute liglit better than small ones. They should always be' suffi- cient in number to admit light enough in a dark cloudy day, and should be furnished with curtains or blinds to exclude the excess of light in a clear day. The teacher should always attend to the adjustment of the shut- ters, so as to admit a medium quantity, The windows should not be so high from' the floor as to give the room the appearance of a prison, or so low down that the passing object will intercept the light or attact the attention of the scholars Merzoric ParnomEenoy.--In a) violent storm which took place at Raah,in Hungary, a globe of fire, about the size. of an 80lb. grenade, fell on a house, penetrated the roof, damaged. several ceilings, and at last passed through a wall. It set fire to nothing and did no injury to the persons present. Assyrian Discovertns.--We are glad to hear that the Lords of the Treasury haye at lenoth consented to advance to Colonel Raw- linson the sum of £1,500, to continue his explorations and exhumations in Assyria. Colonel Rawlinson is to proceed immediately to Bagdad, where he is the resident of the East India Company, and from thence he will go to any quarter where his directions may be needed, and where the best promis- ses of future discoveries may be held out. He will also keep open the works already pendently of Mr. Layard. A Droumwricat Rematy.--A Druidieal mo- nument, consisting of the stone on which human victims were offered up by the Gauls, has just been discovered near the forest of Lucheux. Itis about 7 feet long, 44 feet wide and a foot and a half thick. The hollow destined to receive the blood is about nine inches deep and 18 in superficial extent. The stone has been raised without any fracture. --Galignan. Ramroap on tHE Isramus.--On last Saturday, the first train of cars passed from Navy Bay to Gutune under steam. We moreover learn from a gentleman who walked over a great portion of it, that with the ex- ception of one small space, the road is com- pleted, or nearly so, from Gutune to Miller's Station, on the banks of the Chagres River, which is above Philadelphia, and that the work is being pushed forward with the greatest energy. The opening of the dry season--early in December--will see the road in working order to Miller's, which presents the greatest difficulties of construe- tion on the whole route. By July it willbe completed to Gorgona, and then hurra for a daily communication between Panama and Navy Bay.-- Panama Star, 17 Oct. Sayra Fr.--A number of conflicts have taken place here between the Mexicans and the natives, in which some of the former have been killed and horribly maltreated by the latter. The Americans impute this state of things to misconduct on the part of Go- vernor Qalhoun, and have addressed the \ Precteont of tho U. 8: for kis recall, school room. It is not strange that it should . commenced but he is to act entirely inde-)