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mon hands are things not thought of. pet = byes. took a stroll through the town. - not.so cleanly. From what I had heard of ~ slaves, I supposed they would bow and crouch to me when I passed them, and be exceed- os but i in place of this they were not so much so as free people. - did not seem to notice me, and when I spoke words. ~ sorrowful expression of their countenances. heart | i account. 'Slavery by an Bien tee Last August I visited a_ retired Soret ural district of Virginia, wishing to see my, riend and to look at Slavery with my own I saifed from New York in the good steamship Roanoke for Richmond. On the upper part of the covering of the paddle- . wheels I noticed the figure 'ofa strong-built man with his foot upon the neck 'of the pros- trate figure of a massy man, with these words under them, " Ste semper 'tyr annis °--thus let it always be to tyrants. . If the prostrate figure were white and the other. black, no such ship would Jand at a port im Virginia. ' We had a delightful sail, and I ad the best of company on board. 'We reached Norfolk next day in the afternoon. I had never seen a slave; and as soon asthe ship was secured I landed and 'The slaves appeared to me to be dressed nearly as well as labourers in a free country, but ingly bland and obsequious in their manners 5 When I met them they to them they answered in the fewest possible 'TL was much struck with the sad and _ They generally looked as white men do when they are helpless and without hope. This accounts for the plaintive air of the negro melodies. Sad is the song of the oppressed It was dark ane we left Norfolk, so I could see nothing of the slaves along the4 banks of the James River until the morning. 'We reached Richmond about noontime. = The country along the banks of the river, @ as far as I saw it appeared far inferior to that ~ along the Hudson. The residences of the planters along James Jiiver are not equal to those of the eee and New York retired -merchants on the North River; and the ne- es huts around the planters' houses are not at all like the beautiful, thriving, and healthy villages on the Hudson, As far as I could judge from the ship, the negro huts were low, and large enough for only ope room, pinout windows, and 'generally without chimneys. ely one end of the hut, and up near the roof, 'there is a sliding board, which, when pushed to one side, adinits the lig ht ead air when the door is closed. 4 After I reached my friend's plantation . i au ered some of these huts. As a general thing they have little or no furniture. No & chairs, no beds, nor any thing almost which usually adorns the home of the poorest free workman: So far as I could see into the huts along the railroad between Richmond and Charlottesville, they were in the same con- dition. Is it wonderful that they run away Ue such comfortless homes ? PAs a general thing, the slaves in that sec- _ tion of the country are not driven very hard, and yet in almost every tract of five or six miles you would hear of some severe master. A slaveholder in Charlottesville told me of a master who held a plantation next to his. This man began his slaveholding life by ee himself as an overseer. After laying up a little money he rented a plantation, and hired slaves to work it. He gave these slaves plenty of good food to eat, but drove} them with the whip at. their work. " Did he not," asked I, " unfit them for their work' by his 'whippings ? %, They -were-neversy answered he, " excused from labour on tiat Besides," continued the slavehold- er, "he knew how to whip them so as to give them the most pain with the least last- ing injury. Ee used to lay them on their faces and whip them with switches from the heels up to their neck, but so skilfully as not to lame. them and make them unable to work. By the severe treatment of his slaves, and good management of his plantation, he made the labour of each hand worth 500 or 600 dollars a-year to hie, and soon became a ch man. _I was told in other faders of severities ae to this; but, as a general thing, the slaveholders in "the. region I visited were too ~ Jazy to drive very hard, and yet the slaves seemed to me to work more constantly than free labourers do. 'The treatment. of the slaves is generally in the following way, as far as I could see it: About the break of day they are called up to: their work and sent immediately to the field : in hoeing time, | for instance, with their hoes. These hoes are great heavy things: one of them would weigh nearly as muchas two or three of those used by labourers in the North. They work with these great things--men, women, and half-srown, boys and girls--until dark, without any time for rest. © When I observ ed that they loosed their horses from the plough - for two or three hours during the warmest | part of the day, I asked whether. it would not be well to let the slaves rest also ?-- 'They told me that the work of the horses was harder for them than the work of the slaves was for them; and besides, that the slaves would take it easier when they felt tired, but the horses were driven, and could not. For breakfast the slaves got bacon, corn- ' ee and some kind of milk ; the same, with the addition of some vegetables, for dinner ; and bread and milk for supper. After sup- per, when they become sleepy they lie down on the floor of their cabins, and some of : them sleep all night. in the field, if they feel too tired or lazy. to comehome. 'They told me, that if a woman has a child they some- _ times give her a bed; but beds for the com- The slaves on the plantations were not so well dressed nor as clean as those in Norfolk and Richmond. It seemed to me that the plan- tation slaves never: gota change of linen next their skins, and that their Cloties were of the coarsest and most common kind. The sslaveholders have reduced them to the state of brutes in all things as nearly as possible, _witbout impairing their usefulness as labour- ers, or as articles of sale. This is the common state of the slave in the district of yeni which I visited. 'Were a man to reduce me to such a con- 'dition, there is nothing worse which he could do to me without taking my life. Yet the ~ men who do such things are received into the churches as members, ae even as instructors and officers in the churches. It is true, that -- in all the other relations of life the slayeholders may be, and the most of them are, good men. But the Thugs of India were also good hus- bands, kind fathers, obliging neighbours, and agreeable companions. 'he Thug at once Kills his victim and takes what he has: the 'slavebolder keeps his alive, that he may, through his whole life, not only take what he makes by his labour, but also his children, What despot of Europe does so many 'cruel ~ and unjust things to his subjects as the kind- est slaveholder "does to his slave? And we knocking about. for himself. . 'old man who has been shot?" 'When in Richmond I fell in with a free mulatto. 'This man told me that there were a great many hard masters in Richmond, and that many of them starved their 'slaves, and flogged them without merey. While he was talking to me, an old slave came up to buy some bread. "Now," says he, " there is what I have been telling you of. That. old man has helped, by his labour to bring up three generations of white people, but now, being nearly eighty, and unable to do ck: they have turned him out to knock about for himself." . I asked him what he meant by --" The: looks about," was the reply, 'for little jobs, 'and gets now and then a few cents to buy bread, and a man-who lives near his owner's fakes pity on the pane old man, and lets him sleep on his hay-loft." " But, > said I, " are there not.laws which bind the Shue: to pro- vide for his old and infirm slaves?" "J know not," said he, "whether there are such laws or not; but if there were they would not enforce themselves; and who would take the part of that poor old man against a popu- |. lowed her to where her old husband had been lar and wealthy family? T hey turn them out all over to die like old horses - they ean work them no longer." ° When I was waiting at the dente for the cars on my return homes a-slaveholder came rand sat: dqwn-beside my friend and me, and said to him " Have you heard about that 'My. friend said he had. "I feel," the other slaveholder went on to say, 'very sorry about it; for old Peter, who has been shot, was my wife's slave, and knew the most of any negro man I ever knew." I saw my friend did not wish me to: hear anything more about it, but I be- | gan to question the slaveholder about. the murder. In answer to a great number of questions, he told me that old Peter was nearly seventy years. old; that he had been his slave a great part of his working life: that he had become old and a littte unwilling to work: and since he had been brought to him by his-wife, had been so long ae him, and knew so much, he made,up his mind to sell him, and thus avoid any difficulty with him : *that he had allowed him to. chose his own master, a thing for which he was glad since things had taken such a turn: that his new master, who gave him seventy dollars for him, was too severe to the old man, causing him, although seventy years old to look for work for bunself, and bring him home three dollars a week, and flogging him too severely if he did not bring so much: that on receiving a very severe flogging, the old man fled to the woods: that knowing the circumstances, one of the neighbouring plant- ers had been even so indulgent to him as not to shoot him down for not coming when eall- ed to come: that he came out of the woods now and then to seek for something to eat; and that one day Dr. R. L. told his son to put a little powder into his gun and flash it at the old man ; but there being something hea- vier in the gun than powder, the old man was shot mortally, and found dead two or three days % afterwards in such an awful state of de- composition that it could scarcely be deter- | mined whether it was old Peter or not.-- "This was his end at last," he added, " but my conscience is clear; I thank God for it." I asked him whether they would not punish the Dector and his son. ":No,":said he, "the coroner could scarcely determine wheth- Doctor feels very sorry that his son should have done such a thing.' 7 When in the cars on my way to Richmond, I sat on the seat next behind this same sive! holder; and thinking over in my own mind what he had said about the indulgence of the planter in not shooting down the old man at once, when he did not come to him at his call, [ asked him whether the laws of the State allowed a white man to shoot a run- away slave, if the slave did not come to him when he calledhim. 'The slaveholder thought a little about-the question, and then turned to a man on the seat before him, and having conversed about something with hima minute or two, he turned again to me, and said that the jaws of Virginia did not allow any. such things " Why ?* said [. " " Because," said he, "the principles of the 300d book would not allow of such athing." But," said T, "would a white man do it, and would the laws. punish him ?" "Phere: are very few, indeed," said he, " who would not shoot the slave down." "If the laws punished sucha thing, men would be afraid to do it." Te was talking to another man about an acquaint- ance of theirs, whom he alleged to be too good a man to be allowed by his friends to live without a hope of another and better world. I asked him whether the man who flogged old Peter so severely, and took his money from him, had a hope. " Yes,? said he, " he was faken into ue Baptist Church a, short time before." I stopped all night in the Citizen's Hotel, in Richmond, and ied for the JEG to start for New York at four o'clock in the afternoon. |The Citizen's Hotel stands on a street running east and west. In this street and east of the hotel, there are four auctiou rooms for the sale of slaves, and so near to each other that the auctioneers could stand at the doors of their own rooms and talk to each other. arly in the morning there were red flags hung out with a piece of paper hung on each of them, telling how many men aad woinen, boys and girls and children, were to be sold. At about nine o'clock a ee of people began to collect around one of these rooms, land by-and-by a light mulatto young man began to ring a bell on the front of the room and around the streets in the' neighbourhood, announcing the commencement an the ae and inviting the people to go in and obtain great bargains for their money. 'The room was large, with benches only around the walls, and a stand near the middle of it for the Shives to stand on during the bidding. When the room was pretty "well filled, the active little mulatto fellow who rang ae bell invited the buyers to go and see the slaves examined. THe took the men, one by one, behind a sereen, and made them strip them- selves naked to their skins, and then heshowed their bodies all around to the buyers, and made remarks about their good points as a man does when he sellsa horse. 'Chere was one lot in this room which seemed to me to have been brought to the hammer on account of the debts of their owner. 'There was first a woman with a baby of two or three years old, and a son about ten or twelve. 'This last they offered to sell separately. Another woman, of a light colour, with a baby of some eleven or twelve months, with long and light-coloured hair, and a white se. One of the dealers mele this woman whether. the baby? s father was not coming to buy it, but without waiting for an answer, said that he supposed he had no money. "The next of this lot was a nice-looking old lady of about fifty ; and lastly, the four talk about liberty ! or five men who I had seen 'examined. 'he they were subject. er the body was old Peter's or not, and the slaves of this lot seemed to be very discon- solate and unwilling. to be sold: for when the women were asked about their health, they mentioned some maladies to which they said When the agent of the creditors observed the game which they were trying to play, he became very angry, and told the people that he would settle the thing by haying the woman examined. He sent for a doctor, who examined the most com- plaining woman, and announced to the people that she was sound. When the light-colored woman-with the white baby stand to be sold, the tears fell from her eyes ing from any eyes before ; but the auctioneer went on as coolly as if he were only selling a cow and her calf. When the others had all been sold, they brought up the old woman. She pretended to be very lame, and so infirm that she could not get upon the stage with- out great difficulty : no one offered any thing for her, and her old boss, as I supposed, offer ed five dollars, and she was struck down to him. When she came down from the stand I fol- standing and watching the sale. shed many tears when they met. 'Vhey both I said to the old man, " Why are you erying now? -you got your wife again." "Oh!" said he, "T am'so glad I cannot help it." After the slaves were all sold here, the sale began in another room across the-street. The lots in this and the others did not seem so. bad. 'They seemed to have been bought in differ- ent places and brought there by traders. These traders buy. clothes for them before the sale, from a shop in the same street. Some of the women and girls were rigged out very gaily, and seemed well pleased vith their dresses. 'There was one tall young woman in the first room, about twenty-five years old, who was quite handsomely dressed for the occasion. Several of the buyers talked to her, and asked her what she could do, looked at her hands to see if she had been used to work, made her open her mouth, and looked at her teeth; and one of them asking how many children she had had, and whether she was with child now, publicly felt her with -hishands as a physician would do. 'To'such this free country. Thus human nature is honoured among us. When they were all sold in this room, we went to another, and then to the fourth one. Nearly the same things were seen in all of them. It has been denied to me, even by those who had lived in Virginia, that slaves were sold there, but now I have seen the thing myself. Besides, [ was told that every Court month there isa sale of slaves at. Charlottesville. I do not blame the slavedealers as much as some do. T have already told you that they dress their slaves before they are set up for sale, and after the sale. In one of the rooms I observed the trader give four or five slaves some mo- ney. Iasked them how much he gave them each. 'They told me that when he bought them he promised them five dollars each, if they would give him no trouble, and that now, since they were sold and off his hands, he had given them the money. They seemed very proud of the money, and said to me that it would buy them a great many things. ~ J do not now think that freedom will be established in these lands as soon as [ at one time hopedit would be. It would be as easy York city to give away their houses and fur- niture as if would be to persuade the people of Virginia to give up their slaves. It is useless to tell them that free labour is better and cheaper than slave labour. They know it isnot so for their purposes. If it were so, they would have found out for- themselves, for they have both free labour and slave la- bour among them. There are about fifty-five thousand free negro labourers among them, besides a great- er number of free white labourers. 'They try the two kinds of labour, and greatly prefer the slave, both for its cheapness, re- liableness, and, in coarse labour, for its great- er efliciency. Slavery may Ne the cause of public poverty and waste, but to the slave- holder himself it is very profitable One evening, as I was returning to the house of iny Gi: I meta coloured man.-- T asked.him whether he was a slave. He said yes ; and in answer to a number of ques- tions he told ine that his owner received 130 dollars a year for his services as a blacksmith; that the man to whom he wrought fed oa clothed him, and gave this money over and above to He master, and that he had eight children. Now, Supposing the average length of the man's working days to be thirty years, this owner will receive 3900 dollars for the labour of this one slave. - Then his and after they have more than doubly paid by their labour for their maintainance during infancy, will bring at least 800 dollars a- piece--6400 dollars. 'This, with the above, makes 10,300. One morning I went to the mill with my friend. While he was engaged i in some busi- ness, one of the millers and i fell into a con- versation, and while we were standing at the door a slave-girl of fourteen or fifteen went past us. Said I to him, "Is that your slave?" ' No," said he; "I have been trying to buy her from her owner, from whom I hire her, but he will sell her for no less than 600 dollars. I have offered him 500." In answers toa great many questions, he told me that the girl was~honest, faithful and industrious, and that such a slave was very valuable property: that his father once had a slave woman who wrought as a black- smith, and had eleven children. Now let us estimate the woman's labour at 100 dollars a year; thirty years would. bring 3000 dol- Jars ; her eleven children, at 800 dollars each, would bring 88,000 dollars: the two items 11,800 dollars. Was not this woman a valuable article to this miller's father? It is the immense value of such good women and men that makes us at the North cowards, that brives our press and corrupts our pul- pits--New York Tribune. nh -<-B- Sournuwarp Bounp!--At the celebration at, Earle, Waukesha Co., Wisconsin, on the Ath inst., after the fireworks, two balloons were set up, to one of which as attached an effigy of Douglas, with the following in- scription : -- Douglas, the Traifor--Southward Bound." The balloon, when allowed its freedom, made straight for the South, and, we be- lieve, has not been heard of since! On --@- oe a CHOLERA IN JAMAICcA.--The whole island is described as being in a most miserable state from the ravages of this disease, which attacks equally all classes without distinction, Whole villages are made deserts by the death of the inhabitants, and very many have been totally abandoned, Very few persons there survive the attack. was put upon the } faster and thicker than I ever.saw tears fall+ { indignities are men aud women subjected. in | at this time to persuade the people of New eight children, at twenty-one years of age,' {"handy for To Correspondents. iy communication. from the General Agent, which has been unavoidably deferred, _ will be given in our next. PROVIN CIAL FREEMAN, v I SATURDAY, JULY 29, 1854, ee DIR: GER OPCS OOS PIII Travelling Agouuth Rev. Willis Nazrey, Toronto. ~ Rey. Wm. H. Jones, Toronto. -Rev. 'I'. H. Thompson, Vienna, C. Wa Rev. H. J, Young, Toronto. Local Agents. The following gentlemen are requested to act as Local Agents : Rev. Hiram Wilson, St. Catherines. Mr, J. W. Taylor, " "Robert Brown, Hi: amilton. A. B. Jones, London. «Wm. Hamilton, "Haywood Day, Chatham. "* Cornelius Charity, '*: Thos. Jones, Windsor. _ "Coleman Freeman, Windsor, C. W. ** George De Baptist, Detroit, U. S. " James Haley, a "'P. W. Stringer, Buxton. " George Shreve, '2 "© George Carey, Dresden. Rev. A. R. Green, Cincinnati. "Wm. Webb, Pittsburg. "John M. Brown, West Chester, Pa. "Mrs. L. Patterson, Niagara PallsaNe Ys Mr. Thos. W. Brown, Harrisburg, So Wir. Still; Philavelpiint "€ J. N. Still, Brooklyn. " J.J. Cary. Niagara Falls, C. W. " Moses Burton, Buffalo. Printed for the Proprietors, at their Office, 5, City Buildings, King Street Kast Hunting Land. 'the Lord for having given him the determi- The Elora Backwoodsman says, " crowds of men 'hunting land' pass through Elora weekly." The rush to the baekwoods 1s unprecedented, and in less than two years there will not be a lot for sale between this place and Lake Huron. 'The Government will be forced to buy a township from the Indian territory, if they wish to supply the demands for lands. One good township, we are credibly informed, could be secured froin that point of land jutting into the lake, and marked on the maps, Indian 'Territory. It would be well to look after it. It con- tains a good sprinkling of pine, and capital facilities for manufacturing lumber, which could*be more easily taken to market from there than any other portion of the back country. We wonder how many colored men there are among the crowds of land hunters pass- through Ilora! We wonder if they hae that there are hundreds of acres of ing land in other parts of this Province, just as good, cheap, or indeed far cheaper, than-in the Counties of Kent and Essex, where they at present seem so disposed to locate! Well, they will know if they will only "read the papers," the lake" homes, they will go to the land offices, where and if, when they come "across in search of homes, permanent there is a possibility of finding out, instead of walking about and depending entirely upon what friends--who are themselves very likely, so much engaged in their various em- ployments, that they have not the opportu- nity of knowing--tell them. In less than two years there will not bea lot for sale be- tween this place and Lake Huron." Is not Should it not teach col- ored men in the States, that in remaining there this fact ominous. and waiting for the " dark clouds" -- which are said to be indicative of the bright day about to burst upon them--to be dis- pelled, that they are pinning their hopes upon an uncertainty, upon a phantoin, which as they approach, it always recedes, and eventually may vanish entirely from their sight ; while here, is placed before them an absolute certainty? 'Not the certainty that that they may at one day obtain rights, but that they are now in full possession of them. They will know that 100 acres of good land can be bought in many good localities for the price of one year's rent of a house in some third or fourth rate street in our large With these facts before them, and more to be ob- cities, and ten years to pay for it in. tained just for the asking or a little exami- nation ; we hope that our friends may be in- duced to think and act. Now we do not hike to think $0, but the thought has occur- red to us that there isa great dread on the part of too many of our colored brethren of going to "rough it in the bush." We know that there are many men who come here after having lived the greater part of their lives on old farms in the States, where they had fine roads over which they could whirl away to town in an hour or two when- ever they wished; and whose wives have never seen a deer or wild turkey except in print, who, on coming here and finding lands in the vicinity of the towns a little too high for their capital, shrink from going into the bush. Why? Because, forsooth, in the first place, it is too far out of the way, they want to be where people are, as if twenty- five years ago the now fine city of Toronto was not a 'bush, as if the first trees had not to becut down, the first farms to be opened up, the first ville to spring up, which in course of time comes to be the first town or city in the county; then again, their wives do not want to go, they could not live out there, where they would have to "walk the logs" or get in the water when going to their neighbours, where they would see nothing but the green trees in summer and their naked branches in winter. Oh no! they must stay in town, where it is so getting any little thing you want |" - Good timid souls! as if the trees did not mre 'to be cut down before the pretty smooth roads over which they have been accustomed to walk, were made; as if the ees will not always stand there, if not cut down, and as if, although they can now get anything they want so easily, after they have been a few years in the ' bush' it will not be--if they will- only go in sufficient numbers, almost--a fine open country from whence they can go to the ville, that will by that time have been ushered into existence by the! needs of. the sur- rounding country, and | get anything they |" want, Se thing or things will not be need- ed half so often as in town, for there will be an abundance of home production. Let every man then, who has health, is not too far advanced in life, and has no trade, but is dependent for his subsistence on the various occupations about town, resolve to' shoulder, not his musket, but his axe, and away to the woods, and when in his old age he looks over his broad acres, he will have reason to thank nation to go forth. C. We give below an extract from a work entitled "The West Indies Before, and Since Slave Emancipation, comprising the Windward and Leeward. Islands, Military Command," by John Davy, VLD. RiSs, Inspector-General of Army Hospitals. " Tt is well that all this should be made out, and such trivial distinctions abolished. Did we not know how great is the tendency to error in the human mind, and to delusion, we might feel surprised that they had ever been seriously entertained. Had the African races preceded the [European in civilization, and had they made slaves of the white men, most likely they would have thought as mean- ly and spoken as contemptuously of them, and have adduced proof not less convincing of the white being distinct from the black and alower species. An enterprising traveller in Africa mentions an anecdote in point. . In a discussion with some natives relative to the power of the white man and negro, it is said, "Arother free black took upon himself to ridicule the constitution of the white man." "Ah? be cried, "what is a white man? a poor weak creature; he can't bear Soudan heat, le gets the fever and dies. No, it is the bleck man that is strong, strong always; he nevef droops or sinks--look at the strengta of my limbs." And how truthful are thes2 exclamations in the manner in which they areapplied. 'The white man is indeed a feeble creature in the climate for which he was not designed, as is the African in that fitted for the white man. 'The specialities of each, it slould be remembered, are not defects but, as before observed, provisions wisely bestowed to meet the exigenciés to which they are exposed. The negro in Barbadoes does not require a, face-cloth to protect his face ; the black colour serves the purpose; it, like black paint on a white face, prevents the sun's rays from having a burning, inflaming efect. The thick crisp hair of the negro, ard his thicker cranial bones, it can hardly be doubted, are also wisely intended as a protection from the same agency, as is also the dark colour of his eyes. A like remark applies to his soft skin favouring perspiration, by which it is kept cool, as well as by its black colour favouring radiation. Moreover there is unquestionably in his constitution or organic frame a something, we know not what--an iofluence or power of resistance which makes him proof against malaria, and the destructive fevers resulting from what we call malaria, when acting on white men, which has made the western coast of Africa "the white man's grave," and has rendered active military service so fatal to European armies when employed in tropical climates." We think that the author has unwittingly committed an error, in asserting that the African is a feeble creature in the elimate fitted for the white man, for aithough the climate of the white man may have been the only one fitted for him, it does not, to our mind necessarily follow, that it was not also equally fitted for the black man. Indeed, we think that facts will bear us 'out in the assertion, that:as the crow is said to be the "type of all birds" living in a state of health in all temperatures, so the black man is the type of all men, enjoying as good health, and a mind as sound, if not more so--while the mind of the white man in the Tropics is said to become weaker--in cold as in warm climates. It is said that some of the most efficient seamen in the Greenland Fisheries Who ever heard of the death in consequence of undergoing an have been black men. acclinaling process, unless from undue ex- posure, insufficient clothing, and the like; just as will occur with European emigrants --of native Africans, brought directly from the burning sands of their fatherland, to North America and other cold countries a for we know that the mortality is no greater among No, no! we think it is a mistake; them in these regions, where we have the frosts and driving snows, from four to seven months of the year, than among the same classes of whites; although ina majority of instances not possessing as great a share of the comforts of life, as is enjoyed by . the others, That the mortality is no greater, did we say ? nay, that it is seldom as great; for we know that it has been a subject of remark, that black people are not so liable to attacks of the various diseases prevalent in the warm seasons, as are white persons; while the same Is true in regard to those en- gendered mostly, during the cooler portion of the year. Our opinion is, that the black man was correct, when he said the black man "is strong, strong always,"' and also that if the cooler climates only are desioned for the whites, that the whole earth 1s for an inherit- ance for the black man and his descendants forever. : "The black colour serves the purpose; it like black paint, on a white face, prevents the sun's rays from having a burning, influence. inflaming A like remark applies to his soft "skin favouring perspiration, by which it is kept cool, a8 well as by its black colour fa- vouring radiation." Now these, we think, are two as prominent mistakes as we remember lately to have seen; to believe them, we will have to un- learn what we, and persons g generally, have been taught cn the subject of radiation.-- Woe. betide the poor creature who should have a coat of black paint put. 'on his face, and then expose himself to the rays of such a sun as we nave had for the i week or : two. "The Biaek colnet Sayours! pine we always thought that the reason black is black, is, because it absorbs all of the rays, and that white is.white, because it throws them. all off--just the reverse of Dr. Davy's theo- ry; but there always will be new develop- ments we suppose, and these are some of them. C. _ The Nebraska Bill and American Ministers. The following extracts are from the speech | of the Rev. J. B. Walker, delivered recently in Exeter Hall, at the Annual Meeting of the British and "Foreign Anti-Slavery So- clety : « here is another clause in the resolution which I think very important. It makes honourable mention of the clergy of New England, for their remonstrance against the Nebraska Bill. I rejoice greatly in what the clergy in America have done. They have acted firmly, and almost without dissent, over the whole country ; but the clergy of New England are not in advance of other sections of the free States on the subject of Slavery. It would be admitted in the Uni- ted States, even in New Enoland itself, that Western ministers utter anti- slavery senti- ments in their pulpits more frequently and more firmly than ministers at the Mast.-- The East have greater facilities of co-opera- tion with each other, and what they do is heard of more frequently on this side of the water. Western ministers remonstrated as early as those at the Hast, and although 06) many of them could not unite in one pe- tition, yet they., each had a 'heart to the work,' and they laboured both in the pulpit and out of it as abundantly as others. " But it ought to be known here that this Nebraska question is not a good test of the anti-slavery character of a Christian minis- ter. I see that one of the ablest of our re- ligious papers--the Jndependent--says that the ministry moved on this question before much was said about it politically. This is not exactly correct. The gentlemen who manage that paper probably did so. Po- litically they may be relied upon to oppose Slavery wherever it affects the institutions of the country; but before the New-Eng- land remonstrance was signed, two New- England States had shewn, by their elections, the almost unanimous opposition of the peo- ple to this Bul. And there is another thing which ought to be known: this Nebraska Bill is a political measure, and any man may oppose it without losing influence or losing caste in the churches. This questivn does not try the principles of ministers in the Uni- ted States on the subject of Slavery. It would be unpopular in the free States generally for them not to oppose the mea- sure. I believe that Dr. S. H. Cox has his name upon the remonstrance against this Bill; and even the New York Observer, which swims in the wake of public sentiment, to fatten on the offals thrown overboard, op- poses it. e "Tt cannot therefore be a test of anti- slavery sentiment. In my opinion the test of an anti-slavery sentiment in America is the position which ministers hold in relation to Slavery in the churches. Slavery is con- nected not only with our republicanism, but with our Christianity. Our great denomina- tions and benevolent Societies extend all over our States, including slave and free States, and Slavery puts its black finger up- on the heart of everything that has fellow- ship with it. Let me state briefly the facts in the case, in a few instances which may serve for all. 'The facts that I am about to state may be evaded, but they cannot be denied. 'hey shew that the churches of Christ in America are to a great extent in bondage to the slave-power. " Now, it is this power of Slavery in the churches and benevolent societiés of our own land that is the. true test of the anti-slavery character of Christian ministers in America. We-lose nothing by protesting against the Nebraska Daeg To do that is popular; but to act against the slave-power and the corruption' if has produced in the churches, would cost a minister in the Eastern' cities his influence, and, in many cases, his living. These great Societies have power to distin- euish men who sustain them. « Their anni- versaries and their proceedings bring them prominently before the country ; and besides their influence, they wield the power of money, which is mighty in our land. The ablest man among us would lose caste in New England, if he were to take ground against the action of the American Board or the American Tract Society on the sub- ject of slavery. Men may speak in a certain way against the policy, but they dare not act against it by open protest, or by with- | holding support, or by patronizing the new Societies which have no fellowship with Slavery. This, in my opinion, Sir, is the anti-slavery test of Christian ministerial char- acter in America It is humiliating to see those known as anti- -slavery men ct in their great Boards without uttering a word of pro- testation, willing to be gagged, so that they may not even discuss the subject in their public meetings." --A. 5S. Reporter. Be The city elections have closed, Messrs. Bowes and Cameron having been elected by a large majority. Correspondence. DRDO DADRA ADA RAAAAADRR ARR ARARAAAAARAARAAAN To the Provincial Freeman: Dear Freeman :--lI observed an article in Lrederick Douglass' Paper of the 30th of June last, headed "Colored People in Canada," which notwithstanding your point- ed and excellent rebuke of it, demands a passing notice at my hands, on account of two or three absurdities contained in it. First, in speaking of the future of the co- loured people in Canada, he says they will measurably solve the problem, whether the coloured man can rise to independence and respectability among the whites, when he has anything like fair play for the exereise. of his faculties and powers. Now, Mr. Freeman, 'there is no 'problem in the matter to Isolve. It isan admitted fact, on the part of all true friends of the coloured people, founded upon proofs long since in existence, that they are equal to other races; but it is the policy of their enemies to bury those evidences in oblivion if possible, in order -- that they may the more successfully carry 'out their crusade against the intellectual capabilities of the coloured race. Hence the African Colonizationists say it is a prob- lem, and they are moving heaven and earth, as it were, to.send them to Africa, in order -- that it might remain a problem i in America, Mr. Douglass sanctions the doctrine, and says that they have a chance in the future to solve the problem in Canada. Thus in 1854, Mr. Douglass publishes to the world that coloured people have yet to give eévi- dence of a capacity to live with AS Whites on equal terms. 4 Again, Mr. Douglass tails us that we°are one people, and that there is no merely Ca- nada interest to uphold. No one denies that we are one people, so far as origin is -- concerned, and our sufferings have been one and the same; but I deny that our positions are the same. This, Mr. Douglass' admits, when he says, " character, not colour, is the condition or criterion of respectability." -- Here a coloured man can be a mavistrate or a legislator, for aught that the law or popular prejudice opposes thereto. Now let us compare this with their, condition in ~ = the States. In order to which, [ think I cannot do better than subjoin a short article I find in the same paper: "The meetings were well attended, and the speaker frequently applauded. Who will say, after hearing Fred: Douglass, that a 'negro has no sense? Shame on any land that ho!ds such flesh and blood in bondage ! Think of such a man possessed of such a mind, capable of electrifying breathless audiences, swaying them at will with his re- sistless cloquence; think of such a one, fleeing from the lash, from the blood hounds, sur- rounded by the hirelings of a free govern--- ment, kidnapped, hand-cuffed, whipped and dragged back into hopeless slavery--pleasant picture, it is not ?'--Chautauque Democrat. In view then of the superior privileges eajoyed by the colored people in Canada to those in the United States, is it not rea- sonable that they should feel jealous at any attempts made to blend without discrimina- tion, the position of the people of color in Ca- nada with those in the United States, and so place them in the eyes of the world in the same deeraded condition. government of equal laws, we want no new schemes gotten up under the pretence of bettering the.condition of the colored people in Canada. We have not yet forgotten the many frauds that have been practised upon the public through the name of the refugees in Canada. We are British Subjects, hav- ing the benefit and protection of the best system of government in the world. If we have any real grievances, we can appeal to it with confidence, that such appeal will be attended to. Weare men in Canada, and therefore want no hawking about in our I call upon Mr. Douglass to point out what particular services have Messrs. Smith and Watkins rendered mo:e than other men, who long preceded them in this city and province, whose services have been far more eminent in giving character to the colored people of this province, than those gentlemen whom Mr. Douglass has been pleased to eulogise as the most 'prominent of the men in the city. The men among us, who are of the most service in giving char- acter to our people, are those whose atten- tion to their business is of more importance to them, than to be running after Mr. Dou- glas, to be known of him and others as Lions of Toronto and Canada. character of the colored people in this city and province, prior to the coming of Messrs. Watkins and Smith, I pray that it may be 1 Name. as good now as it was then; for testimony -- was then borne to its fairness by honorable members in-our parliament--amone them the Honorable H. Sherwood--who said the colored men of this city, by their frugality, had earned for themselves a high character. Indeed, I could give many more testimonies borne by our white fellow-subjects, if time would admit, long before Messrs. Watkins and Smith, I presume, thought of coming to this province. A Descrenpant or THE AFRICAN Race. Toronto, July 27th, 1854. @>-Eieeee a --<-a- For the Freeman, _ At a Meeting of the Colored Citizens'of Lon- don, held in the Baptist Chapel, Horton Street, to take further measures for the support of the * Provincial Lreeman:" A. B: Jones, Esq., was called: to the chair, and Rev. Thos. H. Thompson ap- pointed Secretary pro tem. The claims of the Freeman were then ably presented by M. A. Shadd, the General Agent of the Association. ' Speeches were made by several persons, expressing their approbation of the course hitherto taken by those concerned in the conducting and managing of the Freeman, and their hope for its continuance and per- manency. And, after emphatic condemna- tion of those " begging schemes" mow €X- isting, or being set on foot, the pes resolutions were unanimously adopted : 1. Resolved, That this Meeting cordially approve of, and concur in the movements of the Directors and Conductors of the " Provincial Freeman,' and pledge our- selves to give it our most hearty support. 2. Resolved, That as there are in Canada ample facilities for support and progress, and, as Colored people, who have resided here for a time, compare favorably. with the same class of their White fellow-sub- jects, all things considered, we emphatically : We live undera-> As tothe ~ Pe ra Ote Pe Gy A. etd) eS Ce SERS? CT