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SE sa ata St A aD a , o> 0 hm DRY UEEN'S PARK 6h WILLING TO PAY be Oshawa Times wvowre mune 72 =a URSDAY, DECEMBER 27, 1966 -- PAGE 4 Those who have been ad fety features for today's automobiles to pe A that the Canadian public is aware of such safety needs, And not averse to pay:n¢ for them. ' A majority (52%) say new saiety measures in cars should be required, even at the risk of higher prices for the car buyers. ' About four-in-ten persons (39%), who might balk at the higher prices, say such safety features should be optional torists. of omy min i segment of the population (2%) feels that car manufacturers should absorb any increased costs and install the safety featurns without raising auto prices. Opinions on this subject are pretty much the same in all age groups. The question: "As you may cussion about new safety By DON O'HEARN TORONTO -- How do they send their season's greetings? This year, as usual, of thousands of | cards o hed gone out Yn bees 'ark. af Just in case you don't to have been on the uuine list, here are some of them: Premier Robarts: A Picture of Christ Church in Upper Can- ada Village. The card carries "a Merry Christmas and Happy a, LONG PLAY. Pape FoR "THE PICKERS ok "THAT EXPO SONG wl, XS 4? RTY OUNCES OF THE | How ABOUT, |» ear kine OF Two MOUNTAINS" > -- A"TAXPAYERS! mo WATER FOR. THE BRIGHT STRIKE ----_ --YyPE WHO PLANNED AGAINST THOS THAT CAMPSITE SEWAGE SERVICE rPire--- STRIKERS Boxing Day For Canada Reallly Big Back In 1791 Holiday schedules may cause con- was permitted to choose its system fusion in the observance of Boxing of laws. A governor with wide Day. It could have been the holiday authority was to oversee affairs in we observed yesterday or it may be 'each province, know, there has been considerable dis- in cars, many of which would liday some have today, What- The power he was accorded was pend t frightening by today's standard. He was empowered to veto or sus- pend acts passed by the legislature. He chose members of his executive council and also made appointments to the executive positions in the civil: service. On the other hand, a situation over which Canadians are con- stantly plagued today passed in those days without concern. It was the question of whether French or English should be used in the lower Canada legislature. (That's the Quebec province not the English- speaking one). It was decided rather simply that either language would be accept- able. The opening prayer would be in French one day, and in English the next. The consensus of the time was that God understood both languages. As we draw to Canada's Centen- ary it is a pity -- which we have progressed so far in so many fields -- we continue to be frustrated by problems so easily solved 175 years ago. ever the case, quite aside from its Yuletide connection, Boxing Day is an important anniversary in Cana- dian history. ; On Boxing Day in 1791, the Canada Act was given final ap- proval by the British Parliament and the division of the country into Upper and Lower Canada became official. The act was presented in March but passage was put off until the Christmas season because it was felt such a joyous occasion was in keeping with a more festive time. Lower Canada was designed as the area we know as Quebec today. Upper Canada was the territory of the Ottawa River. The former was practically all French, thé latter was made up of English speaking people, greatly augmented by the influx of United Empire Loyalists after the American Revolution. As outlined by The Times writer of Canada's Story, Bob Bowman, each province had its own legisla- tures of two chambers modelled after those established in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Each Legal Aid Program The legal counterpart to medicare will have its beginning in Ontario next month. The new legal aid plan is intended to enable an indigent person to hire lawyers to argue his case, if need be, to the Supreme Court of Canada, without cost to himself. Legal aid will permit persons to apply for assistance in drafting up documents and agreements, in hear- ings before quasi-judical or adminis- trative boards or. commissions, in bankkruptcies, divorce cases and juvenile court actions. Provincial officials say the or- ganizational work has been comp- leted for the plan to go into opera- tion. Ontario has been divided into She Oshawa Fines T. L. WILSON, Publisher 8. C. PRINCE, General Manager C. J. MeCONECHY, Editor SUBSCRIPTION RATES Times combining The Oshawa Times 1871) and the itby Gozette and le {established 1863) is published daily end Stotutary holidays excepted). of © Dolly fs Pp Publish- Asseciation, The Canodian Press, Audit Bureau ion. The Conadian Press is exclusively to the use of republication of all news in the Lag credited ta it or to The Press or Reuters, and also the local ews published therein. All rights of special des Botches are aiso reserved. 3 Bullding, 425 University jomson Avenues, Toronto, Ontario; 640 Cathcart Street Montredi, F.y. ty eorriers m Oshawa, Whitby, Am, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Pri Albert, Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, hao agg 9 'aunton, tyrone, Dunbarton, Enniskillen, ono, Leskard, ham, ° Burk , Cl * iter Pontypool, ond Newcastle not over 55c week. By mail in Province of Oritario aiteide carrier delivery area, $15.00 per year. pr a Cc Countries, $18.00 per "year, U.S.A. and foreign $27.00 pa year. 46 regions. Each is controlled by a law association and each has a legal aid director. The law society will administer the plan and the province will pay for it. Those seeking aid who are judged able to afford part of the cost will be required to pay what they can, Provincial welfare officers will assess a client's income, debts and capital to decide what he can afford to pay. Precautions have also been taken to discourage chronic complainers and those prone to lean to lawsuits on frivolous grounds. An area direc- tor will have the prerogative of refusing legal aid. Provision is made to appeal his decision to a committee of lawyers and laymen bu the com- mittee's decision is final The plan has been described as the finest of its kind. It is charac- terized as an attempt to give the poor man the same chance as the rich to receive full justice. The aim is commendable and the service proposed is one for which a need has long been evident. Other Editors' Views BETTER EARLIER The economist, J. K. Galbraith, considers Britain ijucky because sie has shed so many of her colonies before they caused her infinite ex- pense. She would have been luck- ier if she'd got rid of Rhodesia earl- jer. --Ottawa Journal VIETNAM NIGHTMARE 'Continuing By JOHN BEST MOSCOW (CP)--The Viet- nam war hung like a dark cloud over relations in 1966 between Eastern Europe and the West. The outlook for 1967 is continuing chilliness unless the nightmare of Vietnam can somehow be banished. Another Asian problem -- China--loomed large in rela- tions between Eastern Europe and Moscow, undermining the new solidarity that the Soviet bloc bad achieved as a result of the unity of its Vietnam policy. The Communist states of Eastern Europe fervently de- sire closer ties with the West to complement their growing independence from the Soviet Union. But these relations are stunted by the Vietnam con- flict, in which the: onetime Soviet 'satellites range them- selves firmly against the Uni- ted States. If Vietnam can be resolved, the way may be open for fresh advances by Eastern Europe in its groping for closer relations with the West. "Vietnam is the big obsta- cle to a detente,"' said a high Polish official. "Make no mis- take about that." But if the Soviet bloc ap- De sunk TNE A itt require higher prices. Which of these ideas comes closest to the way you yo New safety measures means higher prices urself think about this: should be required even though it or Safety measures which would mean higher prices should,, where possible, be op or Safety measures should be -- at TOTAL Safety measures required even at higher prices 52% Safety measures should be optional 38 Safety measures installed at same price 2 Cant_say 7 100% CTW nC OTTAWA REPORT 100% tional for the car buyer the same price?" 30-39 «= 40-49 «Ss Over Years Years 50 54% = 54% BH 0 2s sa 2h ccee 7 4 9 "100% 100% 100% ons T AIL Years 54% 4" 1 5 sd Cities Of 55,000, } Face New Peril By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA -- All city-dwelling Canadians are being slowly poi- soned by the new chemicals and industrial dusts which pollute our air. Doctors are increas- ingly anxious for their patients as lung cancer becomes an epidemic, especially for those subject to bronchial afflictions. But the federal government has rejected opposition demands for remedial action even against the worst threat, which is emissions from automobiles. So the cabinet fiddles, while Canadians burn up with poisons. On several occasions this win- ter, when the poison in our air is normally more lethal than in summertime, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver have already suffered conditions which are sufficiently dangerous to be rated as a No. 1 alert in New York City. Speaking to an atmospheric measurement agency in Mont- real, I learned that every Cana- dian city with a population of 55,000 or more is subject to this new danger of civilization. Los Angeles is already infamous for its killing smog, caused by auto- mobiles and industrial gases. Experts now estimate that Tor- onto will reach that same dan- ger point in the winter of 1970- 71, and Montrealers with respiratory weaknesses will suf- fer lethal concentrations of atmospheric pollution this win- ter. POISON GAS KILLS There are two factors in this pollution. One is smoke, or the haze caused by particles; the other is gases. Smoke concentration is meas- ured by an arbitrary unit called the coefficient of haze, the degree of discoloration caused on a sensitive white tape when 1,000 lineal feet of air is forced through it. The measurement of smoke in mid-winter in Mont- real shows that the New York alert point of five units has been exceeded on many days in re- cent winters. This is caused 55 per cent by domestic heating, 20 per cent by continuous indus- trial operations, 15 per cent by weekday industry and com- merce traffic. In summer, there is of course no heating, so the smoke con- centration falls. But in winter, when it is at its peak, the snow cover on the ground intensifies the pollution by stabilizing the atmosphere and dampening out vertical mixing with the purer air above. When gases are added to the smoke, the pollution becomes much more deadly. Of these gases, 60 per cent come from traffic and the balance from industry chiefly. These gases are measured in parts per mil- lion in our air. They consist in the main of sulphur dioxide, which comes -from industrial and other heating plants, power plants and incinerators; and carbon monoxide, which comes from the exhaust of automo- biles, Traffic is responsible for 60 per cent of all these gases. One dangerous constituent is benz- pyrene, a complicated hydro- carbon which arises in part from the burning of rubber when automobile brakes are applied. When all these pollutants to- gether are measured, doctors rate a total of 50 parts in 1,000,- 000 parts of air as dangerous, while the lower concentration of 30 parts is harmful to people with respiratory ailments. The pollution measurement of Mont- real's atmosphere exceeded 40 parts per million on five days last winter. RATE WITH FAGS The danger can be graphi- cally illustrated by considering a ncvy-horn infant in one of our large cities. Nobody could ac- cuse a baby of wantonly dam- aging its health, Yet the pol- luted air breathed by such a chiid--as by you and me--is today so foul that every day that baby inhales as much cancer-inducing agents as it woulG from smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. These facts make it obvious, as critics are saying, that the poisonous exhausts from road vehicles should have been halted long ago. and 10 per cent by cami Ee | ~ CLOSER TIES WITH WEST Chilliness In East Europe pears reasonably, united on Vietnam, it is in considerable disarray on the subject of relations with China. Moscow devoted much time and effort in 1966 to trying to whip up interest in Nikita Khrushchey's old idea of an international conference of Communist parties that would formally ostracize Peking from the world Communist movement. Eastern Europe was not overwhelmingly responsive to the idea. Chief dissident was Romania which has taken a neutral position in the Mos- cow-Peking quarrel. Romania is not likely to abandon its opposition to the kind of conference Moscow has in mind. However, judg- ing by the persistence with which Moscow has been push- ing the project, it may well have decided to call the meeting anyway, with the ob- ject of 'ramming through an anti-China resolution despite absenteeism or dissent by other members of the Com- munist family. The Soviet government has evidently decided that the time to strike against China is now, when Peking--so the Kremlin reasons--stands dis- credited in the eyes of Com- 4 ers munists everywhere because of the excesses of the "great cultural revolution." Most countries of Eastern Europe are inclined to see the Moscow - which started out as osten- sibly an ideological clash but has long since taken on the hues of a straight conflict of national interest thing they would rather not get involved in. It has become a credo with Eastern European that country should be free to find its own way to communism without pressure or dictation from others. This mental to the whole evolution- ary process by which the So- viet Union's European neigh- bors have managed in recent years to assert a degree of in- dependence from Moscow. It is also a lever by which Eastern able--especially before Viet- nam--to open new lines of as- sociation with the West, Eco- nomic reform now sweeping the former 'satellites is an im- portant movement, since it is inspired by the example of industrial development in the West. To many in Eastern Eu- Peking dispute-- --as some- lead- each Communist principle is funda- Europe has been component of this f rope, Moscow's insistent cam- paign for disciplinary action against China smacks of the high-pressure tactics they had hoped the Kremlin was aban- doning. ELEMENT OF FEAR If the Russians can act high-handedly against a large and powerful country such as China, how much more could it act aguinst small, vulner- able countries such as Ro- mania and Poland? Besides, owes a Chinese dispute. cover -- and Moscow's pre- occupation with it--they Have been swiftly toward genuine auton- omy. It's difficult to imagine them pag contributing Eastern Europe lot to the Soviet- Under its able to move more to a clear-cutl/ Kremlin victory in the struggle. If and w€n the world con- ference is called, Romania for one is likely to stay away altogether. Yugo- élavia, which though not in the bloc calls itself Commu- nist, absent. And the Eastern European 'countries that do send repre- sentatives abeut voting for any made. in-the-Kremlin resolution. therefore, probably will also be will be cautious MORE COIN DESIGNS ann CANADA'S STORY Smith Meets Riel It was Dec. 27, 1869, that Donald A. Smith, who latered became Lord Strathcona, arriv- ed at Red River as a special emissary from Sir John A. Mac- donild to negotiate with Louis Riel and his provisional gov- ernment. Four years later Smith was to bring about the downfall of the Macdonald gov- ernment by failing to suport it against charges of bribery in the first CPR contract. Smith had arrived in Mon- treal in 1838 as an 18-year-old apprentice of the Hudson's uy Company from Scotland. Now he was in charge of the Mon- treal district and an important shareholder in the company. The trip from Ottawa to Red River began Dec. 13 in bitterly. cold weather, and Smith trav- ed by train to St. Paul, Minn., where he met railway builder Norman Kittson. This meeting was to result eventually in Smith becoming a _ multi-mil- lionaire, and a director of the CPR. However, before Smith crossed the border he got the same treatment that William McDougall had received Oct. 31. A note was thrust into his hand and it read "Beware how you indulge the vain hope that you will succeed where the Or- angeman, McDougall, failed. The destiny of Red River is in its own hands and is not to be tampered with by outsiders. An honest, true - hearted patriot Riel will soon be at the head of its affairs." The note went on to warn Smith that he might be killed. The Hudson's Bay man was not frightened. Neither was his TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS Dec. 27, 1966... George Washington was granted dictatorial powers for six months 190 years ago today--in 1776--by the Continental Congress, the same day that he won the battle of Trenton. He had been chosen commander-in- chief in 1775, when the American War of Independ- ence started, partly as a political bargain although those who knew him 'well had already discerned his genius. Washington's suc- cesses in battle led his en- emies to fear he might make himself a king but he was the only man who, after the war, could unite the United States as presi- dent and then peacefully re- tire. 1855--The York Volunteer Militia (now the Governor- General's Horse Guards) 'was organized. 1867 -- The Ontario and Quebec provincial legislat- ures held their first ses- sions. First World War Fifty years ago today--in 1916--the French battleship Gaulois was sunk by a sub- marine; British airmen bombed Chikaldir Bridge in Asia Minor; Russians re- treated on the Moldavian frontier. Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day--in 1941--British com- mandos raided Vaagso Is- land, Norway, destroying eight Axis ships and the port's stores and equip- ment; the British captured an Axis ammunition dump in Libya; Japanese aircraft raided the open city of Ma- companion, Father of Confeder- ation Sir Charles Tupper. They travelled 200 miles to. Fort Garry in a canvas covered sleigh, sleeping on the ground in blankets and buffalo skins. The story of the negotiations, in which Smith gained the up- per hand, will be told later, but Smith reached Fort Garry Dec. 27, the day that Louis Riel be- came president of the provi- sional government. OTHER EVENTS DEC. 27 1610--Champlain made mar- riage contract with Helene Boule, 12 years old. 1789--First stage coach serv- ice in Upper Canada between Queenston and Fort Erie. The fare was one dollar. 1867--Legislatures of Ontario and Quebec met for first time since Confederation. 1869--First issue of Ottawa Free Press. 1960 -- Federal and Quebec governments agreed on Quebec section of the Trans - Canada Highway. Slackening Of Economy Indicated In By IAN DONALDSON HALIFAX (CP) Many economic indicators pointed upward in the Atlantic prov- inces during 1966 but the re- gional economy experienced a general slackening--with indi- cations this may continue into 1967. Economists and govern- ment officials appear agreed on one thing at least for 1967 --Centennial Year should es- tablish whopping records in the tourist industry in the four eastern provinces. Major areas of concern are in the basic industries of steel and coal -- both centred in Nova Scotia's Cape Breton County. Steel production was down and layoffs hit the Syd- new plant at year's end. Coal, subject to serious gov- ernment concern during the year, is perhaps ending one era -- private ownership-- and entering a new one of public ownership. With pro- duction down nearly nine per cent from 1965, the federal and provincial governments are considering taking over the collieries, With nearly 7,000 in the work force, coal remains one of the region's key employ- ers, but its future is clouded. The brightest horizon is Labrador, still largely a wil- derness area. The year saw agreement signed between Quebec and Newfoundland for purchase of power from Lab- rador's mighty Churchill Falls. The project, which will take 7,000 men to build, is seen as a new dawn for New- foundland. GROWTH SLOWS The Atlantic Provinces Eco- nomic Council, a regional self-help organization which keeps a continuous watch on the area's economy, says that while there were many gains over 1965 the rates of in- crease slowed as 1966 pro- gressed. In fact, says APEC, late adjustments in data indicate there may be no gains in some sectors of the economy over 1965. An exception was wages and salaries which continued to grow at 'a rapid rate." By the end of the third quarter, APEC considered the trend something more than the usual summer doldrums and its continuance was seen as dependent on three fac- tors: The reaction of plans for capital spending to further monetary restraint; national fiscal policies; and the buoy- ancy of export markets. APEC says' similar economic trends are apparent on a na- tional basis. The labor force in the re- Maritimes gion rose by 2.8 per cent and unemployment was down by 12.2 per cent, but the cash values of both farm and fish products were down. Housing starts and building permits were down, the latter by 22 per cent at mid-year. On the plus side, pulpwood production was up 2.6 per cent in eight months; and cargo handlings at Saint John;-N.B., and Halifax were. up 1.7 per cent in nine months. SOME BRIGHT SPOTS Besides Labrador, already a busy iron ore producer, bright spots included the base metal areas of northern New Brunswick and the develop- ing Strait of Canso area in Nova Scotia where a pulp mill is in operation, a heavy water plant 'is to be built and an oil refinery may be estab- lished. The economies of two towns in Newfoundland and one in Prince Edward Island were given severe blows during the year. The U.S. Air Force withdrew from its base at Stephenville, Nfld. The last iron ore mine at Bell Island, Nfld., was closed, throwing 900 men out of work in the one-industry town. A food processing plant at Georgetown, P.E.1., which employed 200, was forced to close late in the year but the island government hopes to arrange new financial back- ing by spring. APEC, looking at both the regional and national eco- nomic trend, says some hope may be drawn from the view of many economists that "the current economic situation is @ pause, a prologue to the re- sumption of growth rates which if unchecked would be- come excessive." YEARS AGO 20 YEARS AGO, December 27, 1946 A. J. Graves, Oshawa, has been appointed to the Regional Committee for the administra- tion of the Veteran's Land Act. Mr. A. A. Gillespie, of Lind- say, has been apponted Oshawa manager of the Bell Telephone company. 35 YEARS AGO, December 27, 1931 Christmas Day saw the open- ing of the 1931-32 curling sea- son. C. M. Mundy's rink won the F. L. Mason Trophy. A most effféyable evening was spent by the children of Grace Lutheran Church when the pro- gram entitled, Prince of Peace, was presented recently. A . remko, and there had New Year' from "the Prime Minister of Ontario and Mrs. John Robarts". Speaker Donald Morrow has a color photograph of the open- ing of the legislature in 1965, Mr. Morrow can't be accused of chauvinism, for though was Speaker at the time, not prominent at all in ture. Robert Welch, the vincial secretary, has now-standard card zenship and information, ing a season's greeting in languages. ' : A The department ran into a bit of trouble in 5 Al yy, nally was ordered for former minister, Hon. John Ya- to be a quick reprint job. " PERSONALLY SIGNED NDP leader Don MacDonald sent out a simple but attractive card carrying "An Old-Fash- ioned Greeting at Christmas" through an old-fashioned telephone. : Mr. MacDonald's card has a warm touch in that it is perso- nally signed by "Donald and Si- mone MacDonald". Tourism Minister James Auld also goes to Upper Canada Vil- lage, with a reproduction of a setel engraving of a stage- ceach. You suspect that Mrs. Auld, a woman of considerable taste, had a hand in this card, pos- sibly the most unique sent out from here. DANCING GIRLS My personal favorite, how- ever, is a rather small card with a little girl dancing on skates. This card is from Judge W. T. Robb, chairman of the Ontario liquor licence board. It is com- pletely in keeping with this very sweet man. Perhaps the most welcome greeting of all, however, is the notice from the Automotive Transport Association of On- tario. It reports that the truckers of the province, instead of sending out whisky and other "greet- ings," are providing $30,000 in scholarships for 150 students. Many companies, of course, are doing this now. But the ATA was probably the original. POINTED PARAGRAPHS "Three times as many men as women kill themselves because of disappointment in love af- fairs," says a statistician. It seems Shakespeare was badly mistaken when he wrote, "'Men have died from time to time and worms have eaten them, but not for love," How to reduce: eat like a horse. (Research by the U of Calif. shows that in a year a person eats 16 times his weight, whereas a horse eats only 9% times his body weight.) - "T can tell what a person is thinking about by watching his facial expressions, says a psy- chiatrist. He should quit taking in other people's troubles for a living, and play poker. BIBLE Praise ye the Lord.--Psalm 148:1. These words offer a sugges- tion, present a possibility, they call for an expression. Before there can be a response from the human heart somethjng has to be recognized. Thefe has to be awareness and appreciation and a sense of personal bless- ing. Praise is then a natural and normal reaction. No mistake with steak Cresta Roja is a deliciously medium dry red table wine made from French hybrid grapes grown in