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§ THE OSHAWA TIMES, Mendey, June 13, 1966 Millennium Sees Classic Fight Poland By Church, State In 5 ee es & tae fought in Poland as the na- tion marks the 1,000th an- By JOUN BEST WARSAW (CP)--It's a clas- sic struggle between a state and a church, between the things that are Caesar's and the things that are God's. But it is being waged on @ grander scale, and with more publicity, than perhaps any comparable, church - state struggie of modern times, Official sources here call the conflict between Poland's Roman Catholic Church and the Communist, government the worst crisis in church- state relations since the Com- munists took power 20 years ago. Many observers wonder how the church here manages to stand up to state power whereas in many other coun- tries the state has won simi- lar conflicts hands down, In Cuba, for instance, Fidel Castro was able to bring the church to heel with relative ease, Some diplomats in Warsaw believe it's simply a case of large masses of people rally- ing to the side of the church, The Polish church was able to gain widespread support not entirely on its merits but because many people are dis- {llustoned with communism. Unable to express their dis- fllusionment in other ways, they have got behind an in- stitution that dares defy the regime. POPE PAUL BARRED Competition between the church and government some- times seems like a game. The church stages a great demonstration as part of cele- brations marking the 1,000th anniversary of Poland's con- version to Christianity, The government stages a eompeting one to celebrate 1,000 years of Polish nation- hood and does its best to draw bigger crowds, The government refuses to let Pope Paul come to Poland to take part in the festivities. The church sets up a throne for him at the keynote cele- bration in Czestochowa and leaves it empty, knowing the, crowd will get the idea, Wiadyslaw Gomulka, the Communist party chief, Per- sonally attacks Stefan Car- dinal Wyssyneki as 'this irresponsible shepherd of shepherds," setting a vituper- ative example for other Com- munists, Cardinal Wyszynski fights back from the pulpit and plat- form and although he doesn't answer in kind he refuses to budge an Inch on the Issues Invelved. One of the cardinal's most successful moves was a walk through the streets of ancient Cracow, a solemn procession Kbiiapeinis THE POLISH government stages a military parade (below) in Warsaw in dil- rect competition with a Roman Catholie Church ser- vice, But many refuse to The letter proposed a dia- logue between the two episco- pates based on a willingness to let bygones be bygones in, relations between Poland and Germany, arch-enemies of the past, The Polish government ac- cused the church of meddling in foreign affairs, of trying to drive a wedge between Poland and the Soviet Union and of conducting 'holy war" against the interests of the Polish state, One thing that helped condi- tion the government's re- sponse was the cordial recep- tion in the West German press to the reconciliation offer, Another was that, in the Warsaw view, the message seemed to equate the suffe- ings of Poland during the Sec- ond World War with those of Germans expelled from the Oder-Neisse territories when these were handed to Poland at the end of the war, REFUSED VISA An early indication of gov- ernment displeasure was its refusal to grant Cardinal Wy- szynski-a-visa-to go-to Rome this year, Later Poland's borders were closed to the Pope, for- honoring a venerated religious object. Most of Cracow's half million people walked with | him or acclaimed him. INVITED GERMANS | The dispute is intimately in- volved with grievances that have been building up on both sides since the Communists came to power But its immediate issue was a letter of reconciliation that, the Polish episcopate sent last fall to the Catholic bishops of West Germany inviting them to participate in the millenium | eign bishops and pilgrims in- PRESCRIPTIONS a, " City-Wide Delivery MITCHELL'S DRUGS 9 Simcoe N. 723-3431 BINGO at the Columbus Club 133 Brock $+. N, WHITBY EVERY TUES. NIGHT Doors Open at 7 P.M. Bingo Starts ot 8.P.M. SHARP Admission 500 No Children Please Yes, If she's still a t for advice about mecha Yos, If she's got lots steering around town, Yes. If she's. little & her way © Yes. If she's thrifty w money on little th be enticed, as indicated by the crowd (above) leaving the church, This sort of competition is a reflection of one of the great church- state struggles of modern tending to take part in the Czestochowa celebrations, , There is talk now that de- spite all that has happened the Pope may come to Poland later this year. Many moder- ates on both sides of the quar-, rel would like.to see such a trip as a means of helping dispel the bitterness, Cardinal Wyszynski, the | doughty 64-year-old primate of Poland, is the central fig- ure in the controversy, Appar- | ently convinced of the utter | | rectitude of his moral position | and believing the masses are on his side, he speaks with a | qulet defiance seldom seen in |} a Communist country. | "After 10 centuries of Cath- olicism we have a right to be a Catholic nation and we do not resign that right," he says, adding that if the church-state balance is upset "we do not take responsibility for the future." | Ninety per cent of Poland's | 30,000,000 people are Catholic although --many do not prac: tise their faith seriously, Independent servers observ fay that, whatever the reason, the people have been rallying be- hind the cardinal and bishops, thus encouraging them to we ah it dependent, And relies on you nical things like cars. of zest and energy. And doesn't mind shifting four fully-synchronized gears, Instead of just It lazy, And doesn't like pushing t of snowbanks in the winter, th penr pens es, And likes to save you ngs like gas, And oil. And anti-freeze, times, Some believe that many Poles support the church as an expression of disillusionment with the Communist regime, -~CP Photo more confident responses to | government attacks, SHAKY GROUND But they say the church was on shaky ground in unl- laterally proposing a reconcili- ation to the German episco- pate; that such a move impinged on the authority of | the state, Besides, they're not sure the eastiy the ghastly things done | ¢o them by Germany in the War. They also believe the gov- ernment blundered by over- reacting especially in mounting a series of direct attacks on the | cardinal, One~ govenment grievance concerns a single phrase the clergy often use in referring to Poland--"bulwark of Chris- tianity." The inference it draws is that Poland is sup- posed to stand as a forward nee ee ete om enree #¢ against atheist commu- nism spreading from Moscow, Other old antagonisms re- awakened by the present con- troversy include the question of churches and schools, Car- dinal Wyszynski in a May 6 sermon complained that when permission is sought to build new churches 'We meet with closed doors nobody is able to open," Church supporters accuse the government of chipping away at a 1956 church-state agreement providing for the teaching of religion in state schools, In 1961, by an act of par- liament, religious instruction was taken out of state schools and switched to churches or other buildings designated for the purpose. Now there are said to be | 18,000 such places of instruc: tion, which the children attend after regular classes in the publie schools, The government maintains the Catholic Church and all other religions enjoy "full and unhampered development," It notes there are 16,908 Catholic clergy now compared with 11,- 239 in 1937 and that the num- ber of nuns has risen even | more, However, the anti - clerical position of the government seems evident from a visit to the office for religious affairs, This office, ranked just below a ministry, is supopsed to be | a liaison office but responsi- ble observers say it's really a control organ, I sat for two hours in the office, having come for an ob- jective appraisal of recent long, bitter harangue against the church and episcopate, It was carried on by two of- ficials who recused church of seeking an "extra- privileged position,"' of inter- fering in pod eee of national life, of endlessly criticizing state policies, of opposing s0- cial reform, of seeking to deny the government any con- trol over education and of en- dangering public health through mass kissing of ven- Poles are ready to forgive so ' erated objects, RAE R. 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The federal target date) is July 1, 1967, Informants say they are bet- ting the Union Nationale gov- ernment will find the money too attractive to turn down, The health minister has said the The Oshawa Times never knowingly publishes misleading, fraudulent or bait advertising, All advertisements are. accepted for publica- tion on the premise that the- product, the service, or the offer is properly and honestly described, and is not worded or designed to mislead the readers in any respect, By MICHAEL GILLAN OTTAWA (CP) -- The federal health department is expected to open early discussions about national medical care insurance with Daniel Johnson's new Un- ion Nationale government in 'quenec, Informants say the govern- nent is not worried about the change of government affecting ts plans to start a universal plan but it wants to find out as soon as possible the Union Na- tionale plans, Premier Lesage had given an nformal commitment to come inte the plan by the scheduled starting date of July 1, 1967. Mr, Johnson's statements have indi- cated approval in: principle of medical care insurance but they raise doubts about his means of bringing it about The premier-elect told report- lere in Quebec his government would have to determine whether the province can afford the plan and said he is opposed fo Ottawa's fixing the starting date, He also said he could not un- derstand the Lesage govern- |ment's promising universal | health insurance when it hadn't the means to provide drugs, opt- | Selling Start | For New Car Tires AKRON, Ohio (AP) -- Good- year Tire and Rubber Co, said \Friday it will begin marketing | radial - ply passenger car tires | jin the Kansas City area next week to evaluate public accept: | ance before starting general U.S, distribution, | The two - ply tires have the! |cords of the two plies across the jtire from bead to bead at a 90-| degree angle rather than at the lesser angles in conventional ibias » ply tires ical care and dental care for) -- now on social aesitencey rolls, WILL PAY HALF The federal offer to pay half) the cost of provincial plans| atioh mast fnuse candAitinne government has not considered) paying an equivalent in cash to provinces staying out of the plan. 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