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Epic Struggle Staged By Pride Of Germany > By ALEXANDER FARRELL Canadian Press Staff Writer The four German sailors rode back to the Bismarck in 2 hearse. They had stayed ashore a little too long, had perhaps a little too much beer, and had to hire the first availabte vehicle to get back. The 52,000 - ton battleship _ had already moved away from her berth when they ar- rived and was lying in the roadstead at Gotenhafen na- val base, near Danzig. They had to go out to her in a duty boat. The Bismarck was sailing that Second World War night SAD: BC tb i heiltie COMMON GRAVE IN THE ATLANTIC -- The British battle-cruiser Hood (eft), shown on a visit to Canada's West Coast in \ 1924, and the German battleship Bismarck (right) went 'down in the Atlantic within four days of each other in May, 1941, The 52,- 00-ton Bismarck sank the Hood after a brief enroun- ter in the Denmark Strait north of Iceland, The Bis- marck was sunk by the Rodney and the King George V. Lower right, a direct hit blasts the Bis- marck shortly before she sank, Photo was taken by a sailor on the German cruis- er Prinz Eugen. CP Photo Viet Nam Developments Surprised Policy-Makers By WILLIAM L, RYAN Associated Press News Analyst Lodge was in Washington for! How accurate have U.S. lead- ers been in assessing develop- while Ambassador Henry Cabot consultations, This pattern is familiar, too, : all American troops in South Viet Nam, he said.- 'would be a waste of our personnel." | POLICY NOT SPELLED OUT By ARCH MacKENZIE WASHINGTON (CP) -- What What if the South Vietnamese | would happen if a South Viet- | Just What Would Happen TEU.S. Asked To Quit Viet? {for the six premiers who have reigned briefly since Diem's 1963 assassination, of May 19, 1941, for Norway and action in the Atlantic against the British, When the four reported to Cmdr. Wer- ner Nobis, the navigation offi- cer, they found him tolerant. He told them to go below, stoke up on coffee and report "officially" in half an hour. Survivors of the Bismarck's mortal cruise of 25 years ago said she was a happy ship. Partly, this was benause she was Germany's and the world's mightiest warship. She was tough and her crew knew it. Adolf Hitler himself had visited the ship only two weeks earlier and told them, "You are the pride of the pride of the German Navy." Nearly all of the 2,503 offi- ments and prospects in South Viet Nam? A recapitulation of some of their less-lucky statements sug-| gests that, with deadly regular- ity events moek both their as- sessments and predictions, Time after time Washington expresses surprise at a sudden! stormy development in Saigon's politics, Now, once again, Wash- | ington is surprised as it looks) at a new crisis, this one evok-| ing echoes of the 1963 turmoil | which brought down the regime; Perhaps the least lucky with of President Ngo Dinh Diem. | predictions and assessments has Only a week ago, State Sec-| been Defence Secretary Robert retary Dean Ruék told the Sen-| McNamara, ate foreign reldtions committee' In September, 1963, McNa- that 'some intérpretations may mara and Taylor visited Viet have been overdrawn" in the re-/Nam, They reported to Presi- porting of a statement by Pre-'dent Kennedy "that the major (os mier Nguyen Cao Ky, part of the U.S. military task | 5outh --In the summer of 1963, the fateful Buddhist crisis built up during the vacation of Am: jn bassador Frederick Nolting. In his one year a8 ambas- sador, July, 1964, to June, 1965, Gen. Maxwell. D, Taylor left Saigon for Washington four times. During three of those absences there were po- litical upheavals in Saigon. Only once did Taylor return to find in office the same men who were there when he left, effort should cave in? namese government--the pres-| NO DECISION "1 don't believe that pouring| ent one or any new administra-| Official U.S, statements have hundreds of thousands of |tion--told the United States. to! never said precisely what would troops is the solution," said Mc- | leave? |happen if a South Vietnamese Namara, He said the adminis-| That is one of the unspoken) government asked the U.S, to tration had no plans to do 80./ questions revived here by the/take its 230,000 troops home. Today there are 225,000 U.S.| political unrest against the mili-| While the current unrest has troops in South Viet Nam ltary regime of Premier Nguyen disclosed substantial anti-Amer- In July, 1965, MeNamara was) Cao Ky ican sentiment, observers here} back in South Viet Nam, now! The ese setae, tne] 4s 8c oun the Ukeliood any under Premier Ky"s rule after | couth Viet Nami bas net hed a| southern regime will ask. the a bewildering series of COUPS: | genuinely - nationai government | U.S. to leave. In November, 1965, ending yet) for many years and that pros-| The military organization re- another visit, he said his most|pects for one are not promising.| mains the only really organized dramatic impression was that| This is so despite American| entity in the south, despite Bud- "we have stopped losing the| efforts to fight a war with one dhist engin Z ae agony 7 war," hand and mount a vast pacifi-| trations, anc will remain 50, i ; | is felt, The military has a pested Last week, McNamara con- cation program with the other,| interest in fighting on. ceded that political turmoil in l working through what really is) More ominous from the U.S Viet Nam cut U.S, mili- y effectiveness, but predicted| warlord regime " et | standpoint is the risk that in the Ky, discussing prospective can be completed by the end of ibot will terminate shortly." 9 Pig regional munary | northern area, centring on Hue, South Viet Nam elections, said /1965"" and that the need for'ma-| scam Vik Maa Hae es . haa asa Se pe Ghee it would take at leat a year to|jor U.S. involyement would end| Then Sou } cers and men aboard had had sought assignment to the Bismarck, After several weeks of working up in the, Baltic Sea, Capt. Hans Lin- demann felt sure he had a good ship's company, SAILS TO NORWAY Besides, as Admiral Guen- ther Luetjens reminded Lind- mann and four other officers when he briefed them in the Bismarck's map room, the, war was going well for Ger- many, The army had con- quered nearly all of continen- tal Europe and was about to descend on Crete in history's first airborne invasion. The Luftwaffe had resumed heavy | alr raids on Britain, Ger- many's big enemy, At sea, the submarine of- fensive against British-Cana- dian convoys was reaching a crescendo, THE LAST NINE DAYS OF THE BISMARCK -- On May 19, 1941, the 52,000- ton German battleship Bis- Pr left Danzig to raid ihto the Atlantic, Nine days later she went to the bot- tom about 400 miles from the French coast. The Bis- marck was spotted at Ber- gen, Norway, by RAF planes. British ships left Scapa Flow to intercept her, The British battle- cruiser Hood encountered the Bismarch May 24 in the Denmark Strait and after a short fight was blown up by a direct hit on a magazine. The Bismarck almost es- caped but a torpedo plane from the carrier Ark Royal destroyed her rudder, allow- ing the Rodney and the King George V to close and sink her, --CP Newsmap Norfolk were on patrol in Denmark Strait, between Ice- land and Greenland, At 7:22 p.m., May 23, a lookout in the Suffolk sighted the Bis- marck, anpé-Prinz Eugen 8% miles t6 the rear, This was dangerously close and the British cruiser quickly slipped into a fog bank, while sending an enemy report signal to the, Hood, refused, saying the Bismarck must get to the convoy routes without losing any more time. The German battleship re- sumed her original south- southwesterly course, with the Prinz Eugen -- and the shad- owing British cruisers--still in company. The Bismarck had taken two hits but suf- fered no casualties. The only man in the sick bay was an given the British the slip, he wouldn't even consider such a thing possible, He didn't even bother to maintain radio sil- ence. While the British were wondering where he had gone, he was calmly telling German naval headquarters in France it was impossible to shake off enemy shadows, Headquarters told him it was prepare orderly transition to ciel American justification for be vilian rule and he expected to remain in power that long, Rusk said Ky was "not going to try to stand in the way of the con- atitutional and electoral pro- cess,"' A few days later Washington received another in a long se- ries of Viet Nam jolts when Ky sent government troops into Da Nang to seize that strategic port city from his political opponents. FEAR CIVIL WAR Ky's action immediately i{g- nited the anger of the politically owerful Buddhists--the samejsaid he and President Johnson | down | were delighted with Gen. Khan's Diem. Fears were expressed of/plans to step up the war. On civil war in a nation already| Feb, 18 he said 'the United tormented by a frustrating war States will pull out most troops by 1965, even if the anti-Com- The current upheaval came|munist drive falters." Keeping! is too bulky for your boat! : uddhists who brought with Viet Cong guerrillas, then, gime, |NEW MAN 'POPULAR' mara said Jan, 27, 1964, that Minh"s government "has consid- erably more popular support than its predecessor." Three days later, Minh was |} evicted by a coup and Maj,-Gen. |Nguyen Khanh was in, A few days later McNamara Two months later a military |~ coup brought down the Diem re- Of the new top man, Maj.- Gen. Duong Van Minh, McNa- again, Buying Anchor? Now Hear This When you plan on purchas- ing an anchor, ask yourself these questions: Will the anchor take hold fast? Are the flukes sharp and are they pointed in the direc- tion of pull? Will the anchor drag or bury? Will it break out easily with a vertical pull? Will it stow easily? Don't choose an anchor that is for- ever getting in your way and IT'S NO LONGER FUNNY. Randy Enomoto looks over the chancellor's parking spot at the University of British Columbia, A lot of people laughed when the graduate student said he would con- test the May 25 election for chancellor, But sober oppo- sition fromthe alumni asso ciation backfired, causing widespread support for his campaign. (CP Photo) troops. These defectors prould be "'rebels" to the forces repre- senting Saigon, Such a situation could be dis- astrous; amounting to what would be a civil war within a civil war if credence is given to the view that the Viet Cong in- the downfall of playboy Em-|surgents in the south are reb- peror Bao Dai, the rise and falljels rather than aggressors rep- of dictator Ngo Dinh Diem and! resenting the north, Integration Painful ing in Viet Nam at all, as stated by State Secretary Dean Rusk, is to honor to a commit- ment given an ally. That com- mitment was given in 1954, it is contended, and re-emphasized in assorted ways. It has been honored through | open. | dreds of beatings, bombings and | fires, In Southern States By DON McKEE | A! No, I think the patience ATLANTA, Ga. (AP)--A week) of the folks is to be commended. after the U.S. Supreme Court] After the Congress passed all delivered its decision striking| these laws, maybe I wasn't fa- down racial segregation in pub-| vorable to them, but we can't lie schools, Georgia's Lt,-Gov.| go to war about it. | Marvin. Griffin announced he| @: Did Georgia do the right} was running for governor, It\thing in keeping its schools was May 24, 1954, open? 'T will promote and-preserve; A: Yes, I think so segr was Griftin's}In-Atab ama, Mississippi, campaign theme, He pledged to} Louisiana and South Carolina, maintain segregated schools,| other states that have resisted "come hell or high water," for a long time, change has | Griffin was elected. Within| started to occur in the last two) two years, he was telling aj years, white citizens council meeting} _. saa i 5 at Shreveport, La., that if the| CHANGED QUIETLY | choice was to be integrated) Mississippi, last state to be-| schools or- no schools, 'then| 8" desegregation of schools be-| we'll have no schools at all," |!0W college level, took the) Griffin's administration (1955-| Change quietly at Biloxi in 1964.| 58) escaped integration, but his| It was in sharp contrast. to successor had to preside over| "ots in 1963 that left two dead the beginning of deseoregation| Wen the University of Missis- in Georgia after an agonizing] S!PPi got Its first known Negro decision to keep the schools) Student. : : In Alabama, Governor George C, Wallace, campaigning for his wife's stand-in candidacy, did mention segregation this sotation !) wee Buon, & Twelve years have passed since the court ruling, Yet, less than seven per cent of the|"% : iy South's 2,900,000 Negro pupils; Year: In his 1968 inaugural are in school with white chil-|Speech, he pledged, "segrega- dren. {tion today, segregation tomor- {row, segregation forever." | SLOW PROCESS | Some tough battles can't be! Integration has come slowly,|seen or reduced to statistics. painfully, Since the 1954 deci-| 'Everything in my Ife en- sion, racial violence has!couraged me to protest," re- claimed at least 41 lives in the | called John Thomas 'Cochran, South; there have been hun-|24, who was suspended by the University of Georgia in 1961 for taking part in disorders after) the first two Negroes were ad-| mitted, He was reinstated later. | "We were brought up to be- lieve in segregation," said Coch-| ran in a recent interview, | Now this attitude is decidedly different, Cochran said he was pro-| foundly affected by the assas-| sination of President John F. Kennedy: in 1963,"' His death} 'showed me how terrible hate was thousands of arrests; countless marches, rallies, hear- ings, trials, injunctions, Deseg- regation has begun in all of the 11 southern states. But statistics cannot measure some things. Marvin Griffin is 58 now, still conservative. But he has differ-| ent answers to the questions of 12 years ago, Has integration brought about all the terrible things the segregationists said it would? BUSTA AT 82 POLITICAL BOSS... By CY FOX KINGSTON, Jamaica (CP) of this Caribbean island On May 20, towards noon, the Bismarck put into Grim- stad Fjord, on Norway's west coast, with the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, her raiding partner. It was a hot day with clear skies, Many of the Bis- marck's crew lay on deck sunning themselves as the great ship dropped anchor be- fore the eyes of hundreds of German. ,soldiers and Nor- wegian civilians ashore. Through spies, the British admiralty learned of the Bis- marck's northward journey, but not of her destination. Before dawn the next morn- ing, at Scapa Flow in the Ork- ney Islands, the Royal Navy began its counter-measures. The first task facing Admiral ir John Tovey, commander- inchief, Home Fleet, was to loc tg the dreaded foe. ELUDES RAF BOMBERS An RAF patrol plane spot- ted the Bismarck in her Nor- | wegian harbor at 1:15 p.m, that day,-May 21, The British sent bombers after her that night but the weather turned foul, and only two* bombers even succeeded in finding the, Norwegian coast, Besides, the Bismarck had sailed at 5:02 p.m. Bad weather the next day forced cancellation of another British bombing attack and it was not until 7 p.m., 26 hours afte the Bismarck's depart- ure, that an RAF plane re- ported she and the Prinz Eu- gen had lef. Tovey lost no more. time in 'putting to sea with his flagship King George V, and the aircraft carrier Victorious to cover the routes into the broad Atlantic south of the Faroe Islands. At this time, there were 10 convoys at sea on the Halifax - Britain and Britain - Gibraltar routes. An llth was forming up in the Firth of Clyde, but Tovey told the battle - cruiser Repulse to leave it and join him, HOOD ALREADY SAILED He had already sent Vice-, Admiral Lancelot Holland out with the battle - cruiser Hood, Britain's largest capi- tal ship, and the battleship Prince of Wales, its newest, to cover the area north of the Faroes, The stage was set for an epic clash of naval giants. But on the British side, many smaller ships also had vital roles to play. The cruisers followed the The nruisers followed the Bismarck throughout the night, At 5:35 a.m., the Bismarck and the Hood squadron were in sight of each other. At 5:52 a.m,, with the range down to 17 miles, the Hood, Bismarck and Prince of Wales all opened fire. The Prinz Eugen also joined in. The Germans thought at first the new Brit- ish arrivals were cruisers and when it was realized they were capital ships, it was too late for their cruiser to get out of the way. The British cruisers stood well clear to watch the conflict. WRONG TARGET For some reason, which will never be known, the Hood fired at the Prinz Eugen. The Prince of Wales fired at the Bismarck. but was so badly s tuated that she could only bring her forward turrets to bear. The Germans were right on target. The Prinz Eugen hit the Hood twice in the first minute, setting fires on her forward upper deck and in a four-inch turret. More important, the Bis- marck had the range, She straddled the Hood twice and hit her twice: with her first four salvoes and on the fifth, which hit an ammunition chamber, the Hood blew up into a billion fragments. Only three of the Hood's crew of 2,400 survived, It was 5:56 a.m., May 24, 1941, a humiliating moment in the long history of the Royal Navy. The Bismarck now turned her full fury on the Prince of Wales, opening up with secondary armament as well as her main 40,6-cen- timetre (15.98-inch) guns, The Prince of Wales received seven hits, one of which killed everybody on her bridge ex- cept Capt, J.C Leach and a signals man, and she broke off the action at 6:02, retiring behind a smoke screen at her best speed. A junior staff officer who was on the Bismarck's bridge recalled that Lindemann turned to Leutjens when the Prince of Wales was turning away and said, 'Sir, this is the greatest day in the his- tory of the German Navy." Then he told the admiral they should pursue the British and finish her off. Leutjens appendicitis case. If the British had been anxious to get the Bismarck before, they now were despe- rately anxious. Tovey's main force steamed westward at high speed. The battleship Rodney was ordered to steer an intercepting course of the Bismarck, although she was carrying some wounded men to Halifax. The battleship Ra- millies, covering a convoy out of Halifax, was ordered to leave it and join the pursuit. Force H, led by the battle- cruiser Renown and the air- craft carrier Ark Royal, had been ordered out of Gibraltar a few hours earlier to protect a troop convoy. It was told to forget about the convoy and head for the Bismarck. The cruisers Norfolk and Suffolk continued to shadow the Germans throughout the day, although a westward feint by the Bismarck covered the departure of the Prinz Eugen for a rendezvous with a tanker. That night, towards mid- night, planes from the Victori- ous made the first air attack on the Bismarck amid heavy anti-aircraft fire and a driv- ing rain. They scored one torpedo hit. It did little dam- age but one of the earlier hits ° from the Prince of Wales had damaged an oil pipe and tne fuel leak now was affecting the Bismarck seiously. It pores inevitable to both Tovey and Leutjens that there would be another fleet action by mid-morning of the next day at the latest, but the, British cruisers lost contact with the Bismarck during the night. ee DESTINATION BREST All through the 25th and into the next day, the British ships tried to comb 2,000,000 square miles of ocean, The Bismarck's loss of oil had fi- nally induced Leutjens to make for Brest, in German- occupied France, The Bismarck's captain be- lieved there was still time to head for home by a safer northern route and he tried, hard to win the admiral's agreement to this course. Lindemann noted that his crew were in good spirits and said they had already accom- plished plenty for one voy- age. Leutjens' reaction to this is, puzzling. Apparently, he not only had' no idea he had His gether with the title of acting ..» [WO PMs AT ONCE Legendary 'Invisible King' Maintains Control "We cannot have two prime j He' been called "The Invis- ible King"' because he rarely shows in public, but white- maned Sir Alexander Busta- mante continues as prime minister of Jamaica even though a: colleague operates the government The legendary Busta brought Jamaica to independ- ence four. years ago and re- mains the key political figure continuance in the country's top post despite two strokes and eye trouble sends consti- tutional experts groping for precedents and _ opposition critics. into an uproar, Many other Jamaicans just say With a shrug: "It may be odd but it's Busta." Bustamante, 82, handed over active controi of his gov- ernment last year to Finance Minister Donald Sangster to- prime minister. Sangster, a cool and prag- matic man of 55, runs the cab- inet quietly but Bustamante occasionally bursts into the linelight with spectacular moves serving to indicate he is still to be reckoned with. Opposition Leader Gordon Manley calls Bustamante a "back-seat driver" and de- scribes the situation at the top as unconstitutional, ministers at one time," says Manley, first cousin of Busta- mante and head of the social- ist People's National Party. Sometimes the " Chief's" moves are pictured by the opposition as. contradicting the positions taken by his deputy In January, Sangster pre- SEE LEGENDARY KING (Continued On Page 44) convinced, from hearing Brit- ish naval signals from Hall- fax, Bermuda and Tovey's flagship, that the British 'had lost him several hours ago. But Leutjens seems to have made up his mind the great ship was doomed, Over the loudspeakers, he congr atu- lated the crew on their vice tory but told them the British were bent on revenge and would bring overwhelming strength to bear. Full battle alert was maintained, FUEL GETTING LOW Two factors imposed cau- tion on the British. One was that their big ships were run- ning low on fuel. The Re- pulse, in fact, had to head for Newfoundland to refuel. The other was that no ship could hope for too much if it ea- countered the Bismarcs alone. Teamwork was vital. The British got some bear- ings on the Bismarck from her wireless messages but plotted her position incor. rectly and shifted their search ~. to the north for several hours, During that time, the Bise marck got well to the east of all her pursuers except the Rodney and Force H, and would almost certainly have reached France had she not been crippled by a second ase sault by carrier planes, this time from the Ark Royal. The Bismarck was re'lis- covered at 10:30 a.m. on the 26th by an RAF Catalina fly- ing, boat. Early that after. noon, the Ark Royal's torpedo bombers attacked. One of them hit the ship's rudder, rendering her unmanoeuvr- able, Soon, she was moving in circles in a heavy sea. Meanwhile, the British cruiser Sheffield moved close enough to watch her and after dark, the British ventured several destroyer attacks. These scored some hits but the Bismarck's radar - con- trolled guns were able to fire accurately enough to keep the destroyers at a respectful dis- tance most of the time. Aboard the Bismarck, Lindemann decided to do two things to ease the lot of his hard-pressed crew. All can- teen provisions except liquor were made free, and the ship's loudspeakers from time to time carried a musical pro- gram on the short-wave radio from Germany. A number called Why is it so Beautiful on the Rhine? was being heard when the first British destroyer attack came. . Lindemann also told the crew that Luftwaffe bombers had just taken off in France to attack the British fleet. Survivors' accounts suggest | the lie wasn't convincing. A sailor named Pollack, whose wife, incidentally, had given birth to a seven-pound boy back in Germany the day before, said: "'They just can't let us drown, they've got to do something." His companion, putting down a. half-empty can of beer, said: "They'll do some- thing, all right. They'll make speeches, there'll be remem- brance ceremonies in the schools and a monument to us after the war,"