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eS ee soca ae eae ws - Hhe Oshawa Gm Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawo, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher FRIDAY, MARCH 25, 1966 -- PAGE 4 - Proper Research Need ~ Seen For Safety On Roads The announcement of President Johnson's $700,000,000 objective for transportation safety has been welcomed by Keith MacDonald, gen- eral chairman of thé Canadian Highway Safety Council. "It is re- assuring to learn of possible top- level federal action in the United States to support and encourage road .safety programs' through grants and research," he said, During recent consultations with Cabinet ministers in Ottawa, Mr. MacDonald has said it was most im- portant that the federal govern- ment provide grants and leadership in keeping with the challenge fac- ing Canada today. Highway safety will cost money, but the public is paying for it in the hundreds of mil- lions in dollar losses plus the loss of life and' blood." Theconcern of the Highway Safe- ty Council is that organized road safety programs in Canada were be- ing set back by overemphasis on the "safe car", The Council, as the rec- ognized authority in Canada on highway safety, has stated 90 per cent of motor vehicle accidents were caused by human failure. It claims it will do much harm to cause the public to conclude that the problem is insurmountable until we have a safer car. Even if a safer car were develop- ed, it would be 12 to 15 years before every car owner had one, -In the meantime, nearly 100,000 people would be killed on Canada's roads and streets and 3,000,000 injured unless driver performance was im- proved. "The safe.car spokesman seldom mentions trucks and com- mercial. units which account for 20 per cent of vehicle miles driven, He also ignores motorcycles, scooters, imported cars and the loss of pedes- trian lives in traffic," the Safety Council chairman pointed out. While he welcomed growing inter- est in and attention to the impor- tant national problem of road safe- ty, Mr. _MacDonald deplored. the overemphasis on the safe car and the lack of knowledge of the real cause of death and suffering on the road... the human being. A program jointly sponsored by government and industry would permit research gramming to slash Canada's annual highway toll, is the Safety Council recommendation. proper and pro- It's Up To Individual The known preventive measures of intelligent diet, prudent exer- cise and cigarette smoking abstin- ence need only to be applied to low- er the death rate from heart dis- ease. The Canadian Heart Foundation, making this statement in a news release, comments that more than half of all deaths in Canada are caused by heart disease, and many of them are preventable. The Foundation emphasizes both the role of preventive medicine and The Oshawa Times . WILSON, Publisher R. C. ROOKE, General Manoger C. J. MeCONECHY, Editor The Oshawa Times combining The Oshawa Times lished 1871) and the Whitby Gozette ond established 1863) is published daily y$ and Statutary holidays excepted). Daily Newspaper Publish- » The Canadian Press, Audit Bureau Provincial Dailies dia: Press is exclusively of republication of all news per credited to it or to The Reuters, and also the local ed therein, All rights ef special des- patches are also reserved Offices Thomson Bu Avenue, Toronto, Ontario; 640 Montreal, P.O SUSCRIPTION ers aw Associated news publish 425 Cathcart niversity Street, RATES aremont. not over Fi ery area d Commonwea ond foreign $27.00 per vinees ar $18.00 per year, U.S.A year. aaa the responsibility of the individual to carry out what medical science tells him. It says: "Regardless of the success of re- search projects, the burden of de- creasing the incidence of cardiovas- cular disease in Canadians will re- main on the individual. The annual fatality rate will be reduced only by the application of preventive meas- ures and not by mere knowledge of them." There is a two-fold approach to prevention, the Foundation states. The first is the dissemination to the public of the facts of known preven- tive measures; and the second is the sponsoring of research into the unsolved factors causing heart dis- ease so that the answers thus ob- tained may be added to the preven- tive program. Heart Foundations do not finance treatment, nor do they, aid in the supply of medicine and appliances, They function as educators, promot- ing acceptance of preventive meas- ures by the medical profession and the public, and as sponsors of re- search scientists who are seeking answers to unsolved mysteries of heart and blood vessel disease. Heart Foundations in Canada es- timate that $1,984,82 will be applied to research and education in blood vessel and heart disease by them in 1966. GREAT HULKING MACHINES... PARTY CONGRESS NEAR § Soviet Expected To Avoid Hard-Line Action On China By JOHN BEST MOSCOW (CP) -- The Soviet Union is not expected to press for any hard-line action against the Chinese Communists at the forthcoming congress of the So- viet Communist party, despite earlier. reports that it might do 50. ' Strong opposition from East European Communist parties may have prompted the Kremlin to decide. against fore- ing an open split in the inter- national Communist movement at this time. East European sources say the furthest the congress might go in dealing with the defiant Chinese would be to adopt a resolution in general terms calling for Communist unity. The congress, the _ Soviet party's 23rd, is scheduled to open March 29. It is traditional to invite thie Communist parties 'of other countries to send guest delegations For months reports circu- lated here that the Soviet Com- munist party was trying to interest other national parties in a second conference, pre sumably to follow the 23rd con- gress, at which the Chinese question would be dealt with. CHARGE REVISIONISM The Chinese have been carry- ing" on a bitter war of words with Moscow and some of its ideological followers, accusing them of revisionism and of fail- ing to help the North Vietna mese effectively in the face of U.S. air attacks Moscow has contrived to turn the other cheek to a large ex- tent, though it is known to have been deeply stung by the re- peated Chinese broadsides. Earlier reports suggested the special conference would be de signed to read Peking out of the international Communist ment, isolating the from the mainstream munist affairs. Later, it was that the Russians had abandoned this plan in favor of a resolu- tion or-series of resolutions con- demning the policies and move Chinese of Com- reported behavior of the Chinese. The resviuiions could then be en- dorsed by the other parties. Now, however, it's reported that if any statements 'or res- olutions are adopted they will fall far short of an outright con- demnation of China. One informed East European source predicts that nothing will be done beyond what's been done in the past on what is called "the question of unity in the socialist camp." MAY NOT ATTEND 7 This would indicate that there may be a general restatement of certain principles plus a call for Communists everywhere to close ranks. It's doubtful whether the Chi- nese, should they attend, would endorse any set of principles that included the principle of peaceful -coexistence between states with different social sys- tems, a policy that Moscow and its friends have long been com- mitted to. Another East European source said there could con- ceivably be a' statement criti- cizing some of China's actions, but without naming the Peking Communists He suggested that a' final de- cision on what action to take, if any, may depend on whether China is represented atthe congress, which may not be known for certain until the various delegations begin ar- riving : East European Communist countries appear to range from lukewarm to cold in their re- sponse to the idea of launching summary action against the Chinese. Both Romania, which has taken a generally neutral posi- tion in' the Moscow-Peking dis- pute, and Yugosiavia, which China has been attacking as vehemently as it has Russia, are strongly opposed to any step that would force a final split "Problems of socialist unity can't be solved by conferences and resolutions," said a Yugo- slav official. "They require pa- tient negotiation." Australian Aborigines Probed, Queried, But Remain Riddle DARWIN, Australia (Reuters) The Australian aborigines have become one of the most inves- tigated, questioned, and mary- elled at people in the world But they remain a riddle--un- solved in many .of its aspects. World scientists have become increasingly aware of the abo- rigines as a race of peopie about whom little is known, and their appetite for knowledge be- comes more ravenous each Fear. A few years ago, unsophisti- cated tribesmen in central and northern Australia were tested to discover how they reacted to cold. An American. professor, Dr. H. T.. Hammel, spent sev- eral winter nights near Alice Springs lying in the open beside an aboriginal man Both were covered from head to toe with wires connected to instruments to record changes in body heat and metabolism. In summer, the experiments were repeated inside a van-re- frigerated to 30 degrees Fahren- heit to determine whether na- tive immunity to cold. was sea- sonal SCIENTISTS SUFFER In both cases, the natives slept comfortably while the sci entists suffered and shivered all night The tests,,demonstrated that the aborigines have greater re- sistance to cold. But it is still not known why. As Dr. Hammel said at the time: "We are simply search- ing for knowledge. We do not know what we shall do with it when we get it. We have found a phenomenon for which there is no explanation." Scientists have come to the northern territory of Australia almost every year since the Secon@ World War. In ¥948, a National Geographic Society and Smithsonian Insti- tution expedition went into Arn- hem Land 'to question natives about their sociology, their diet, their religion and their sexual behavior. They even measured their heads. A Sydney orthopedic surgeon has investigated why aborigin- als stand on one leg while rest- ing. Dentists have studied their teeth. specialists have found their eyesight to be equal to the best in the world. Eye There have been other de- tailed studies of their daily life, their totemism, their laws, lan- guages, art, myths and sym- bols Photographers have pestered them to such an extgnt that they. now are almost all tamera-shy. ... CHEWS AT FACE OF SEAM River Of Coal Flows From Mile In Mine By PETER BUCKLEY ' BARNSLEY, England (CP)-- Stretched out flat in the low- ceilinged tunnel of a Yorkshire coal mine, the mine manager aimed his head lamp down a digging machine resumed chew- ing at the seam face. A river of coal began flowing by on the conveyer belt, starting a jour- ney of more than a mile to the surface. mines ing licts in Scotland, England in recent years, throw- hundreds of miners work and. making virtual dere villages Wales and out of pit-head many grimy ley colliery have generally sup- ported since July officia the Rolf installation it was brought in last A Yorkshire mine union said his men were con- double row of hydraulic roof supports and yelled: 'Then they go!" At the far end of the tong corridor, with not a miner in stzht, two of the glistening roof supports began to move. The great metal arms holding up part of the roof were low- ered by their hydraulic jacks. Then the heavy combined mass of supports and jacks shuffled nearly three feet forward, pushed by other built-in jacks. Finally the supports reached upward again and gettled gainst the roof. of the seam, taking up new positions to pro- tect an automatic coal digging machine and its conveyer belt. In ghostly procession, two by two, the test of the jacks marched into line. As they shifted forward, they pushed the 250-foot-long conveyer belt along the floor of the seam, closer to the black wall of coal. Then, without warning, the seam caved in behind the jacks, shaking the floor of the mine. Deliberately left without sup- port, it filled the area emptied of coal by the voracious digging machine. Only the working area protected by the hydraulic roof supports remained open ONE-MAN OPERATION The great hulk of the coal- This is automated coal min- ing, the great hope of Britain's vital coal industry Although a handful of miners are still being used to watch for snags in the system, the whole operation is effectively run by one man, sitting at a complex master control 100 yards from the coal seam. This. automated system is known as Rolf--shott for Re- motely Operated Lengwall Face, Britain's National Coal Board is using it as a front- line weapon in the fight to keep the nationalized coal industry as No 1 supplier of primary power in Britain The statistics are impressive, although coal board spokesmen emphasize that Rolf is still an experiment i Based on production for one working ift, board estimates that can average nearl coal for each man employed on it and has much as 14 tons at -its Ordinary coa figures the coal Rolf 10 tons. of produced as peak mining ma duces 2 tons on average manual digging little more four tons hiner pro and than JOBS VANISH To make coal! mining pay: the coal board has down scores of een shutting been Hing unprofitable "Obviously there's a national surplus of miners now," said a coal board official here, "but that won't likely be the case for long "You see, the young fellows aren't coming into- the business the way they used to. It's a dirty job arid you can't really blame them. But there's still a future for coal and we've got to mine it somehow, even without all the miners. We hope Rolf may be the answer."' The Rolf operating in the Woolley colliery in Yorkshire is one of four now being tried out. One of the others is an even more advanced model--an £18 000,000 ($54,000,000) installation at Bevercotes in Nottingham- Shire. There the entire opera- tion is. handled by machinery from coal face to railway cars, supervised by remote control television through an under- ground contro] booth MINERS CONSULTED Economy remains 'a question mark. The Rolfs be almost made to mea é thousands of work best n In the end. tk ve to bh a cost. of and they more ostly less elaborate machiner more' miners The 2,000 miners at the Wool- ea soos sulted through all the phases of installation "They were inclined to be sceptical at first, y'know. But now they seem to take it in stride. It's almost inevitable anyway, isn't it? Might as well adapt.: There are several other coai faces being dug by more con- ventional means at Woolley and dozens of other mines in the Yorkshire fields alone. None of the miners really needs to fear being withotit work here. The coal board is Britain's t employer, with some 575,000 persons on the payroll. Coal -production runs more than 200,000,000 tons a year in Brit- ain--20 times the Canadian pro- duction : Figures like that make it easy to"understand why Rolf's suc- would' mean so much to country. cess this PLAYED MAJOR ROLE rhe continued stature of Brit- mining industry is a reflection of its long his- and the incalculable has had on the coun- ain's coal only tory here effects it trs Three -hundret 120, country, large- before any other Britain was operating scale coal mines + fon ° IN 100 YEARS SMALLER AND SMALLER AND. . . CANADA'S STORY Benedict Under Seige By BOB BOWMAN March 25, 1776, Quebec had been under siege by the Americans. since early November. Governor Carleton and his garrison were cooped up inside the walls while the Americans under 3enedict Arnold kept up their bombard- ment from outside. An effort was made to dislodge the bat- tery at Levis, across the river, but it was not successful On City It was a race against. time. There was a British naval force at Halifax waiting for the ice to break in the St. Lawrence so it could sail up the river. Arnold, who had been wounded, could only hobble around his room, but was expecting strong reinforcements from the south. Montreal had fallen to the Americans without firing a shot, and strength could also come from there. Although the Americans out- side Quebec City were living in difficult winter conditions, they were being supplied with food from Merchants in Montreal who were sympathetic to their cause. Strong efforts were also being made to get French- speaking Canadians to join the American forces. General Wooster, who was in command at Montreal, promised the Cay dians free elections, and cancelled the rights seigneurs. The recry#ing cam- paign was not suetessful large- ly because the Roman Catholic church was opposed to the TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS March 25, 1966... Rebel bishops from throughout Christendom as- sembled at Pisa 557 years ago today--in 1409--to settle the politico-religious crisis of the two popes, at Rome and Avignon, by repudiating both. More than 500 priests attended and solemnly voted Benedict XIIl and- Gregory XII deposed and excommu- nicated as heretics. They then chose the cardinal of Milan to assume the papacy as Alexander V. However the outcome was that there were now not two but three men ail claiming to be the real pope. Alexander's suc- cessor called the Council of Constance in 1414, which was able to end the schism. 1752--The Halifax Gazette, Canada's first imfewspaper, appeared. 1820--The Brunswick rated. First World War Fifty years ago today--in 6 British seaplanes raided German airship base in Schleswig-Holstein; Gen. E. A. H. Alderson, commander of the Canadian Corps, was knighted Bank of New Was _ incorpo- Second World War Twenty-five years y--in 1941 Yugoslavia ned the Axis pact in Vi- enna, with a rider prohibit- ing German troops from passing through the coun- try; Marshal Graziani Signed as Italiar military and civil governe f Libs Churchill, repeated guarantees of Greek pendence, to- re- a British inde- x Americans capturing Canada, and the priests urged their par- ishioners to remain loyal to Britain However,.the Americans were provided with war supplies at a price. An ironworks at Three Rivers made mortars, bomb- shells, and tools for Arnold's forces. Nearly 800 Canadians were employed in this work. Hoping to break the deadlock before time ran out, George Washington sent a team of three negotiators to Montreal to try to get Canada to join the U.S.A. It, was headed by Ben- jamin Franklin, and included Father John Carroll, a Roman Catholic priest from Maryland, who later became a bishop. Franklin had connections in Canada. He had organized the postal service, and had also done a good deal of speculating in land. The American party also had a propagandist, a French print- er named Fleury Mesplet, who set_up a press and distributed leaflets urging Canadians to join the American side. However, the Americans got the cold shoulder from most people in Montreal. One week after they arrived, British war- ships were nearing Quebec, and the Americans began their re- Franklin and his left| Montreal in treat. leagues hurry. OTHER EVENTS MARCH 25 1626--Kirke brothers' sailed for Port Royal, N.S., with six ships of colonists 1820--Bank of New Brunswick incorporated; first in N.B. 1839 -- Arroostock agreement ed "war of pork and beans" on New Bruns- wick-Maine border 1880--George Brown shot in office of Toronto "Globe"' by printer he had fired. He died on May 10 1884--First factory act in Can- ada passed by Ontario legislature 1886--First workmen's compen- sation act passed by On- tario legislature 1893--Toronto cab driver fined $2 or 10 days in jail for driving a lady on Sunday 1897--Manitoba legislature pass- ed compromise act on separate 'schools 1905--Alaska boundary award completed by exchange of notes between Britain and U.S.A. 1957--Prime Minister St. Laur- ent conferred with Prime Minister Macmillan at Bermuda Journalists World Over Train At Cardiff School By CAROL KENNEDY CARDIFF, Wales (CP)--Jour- nalists from Afghanistan to South Viet Nam who may one day help shape public opinion as editors or senior writers are being trained here in a scheme launched by Canadian-born pub- lisher Lord Thomson to raise the standards *of journalism around the world. The scheme, which concen- trates particularly on develop- ing countries, is the editorial executive course of the Thom- son Foundation, a £5,000,000 educational! trust set up in 1962. The foundation also runs a tele- vision training course for over- seas students at Glasgow, head- quarters of the Thomson com- mercial TV network, Scottish Television, Three times a year 12 news- paper men and women from various parts of the world who win one of the Thomson scholar- ships come to Cardiff to embark on a hard-grinding three-month course covering all aspects of newspaper work from copy handling and layout to sports writing and administration. AIMED AT LEADERS More than 100 journalists from 36 countries have taken the course since 1962. Kach -stu- dent costs the foundatidttbout £200 in tuition fees and accom- modation at an_ international students' hostel on the seafront at Penarth, a Cardiff suburb. So far no Canadians have ap- plied for the course. Scholar- Ships are open to all journalists who have worked three *yer/; on a newspaper or news agency staff and 10 are judged by their empfoyers to be potential executives or senior specialists, Applications are made through embassies, high commissions, the Commonwealth Press Union and the International Press In- stitute Don Rowlands, 40 brisk brown beardéd director of Studies and one of the two regu- lar lecturers, was formerly the editor of The Western Mail, the national morning newspaper of Wales and a Thomson publica- tion. The course is based on the Western Mail offices, claimed to be the most modernly-equipped in Europe. Executives of The Mail and its companion evening paper, The South Wales Echo, contribute to lectures and dis- cussions. SEE LONDON PAPERS Students wind up their course with a few days in London. They see Thomson's Sunday Times go-to press, visit Reut- ers, the BBC newsroom and the Press Association, Britain's do- mestic news agency, and watch publication of a national daily. The course, which ends just before Easter, in- cludes such diverse students as a news agency man from South Viet Nam and the editorial as- sistant of South Africa's crusad- ing Rand Daily Mail. In addition to the three an- nual editorial courses, the Foun- dation provides scholarships on the same basis to individuals wishing to specialize in a field such as diplomatic reporting. About six of these have been accepted since 1962. They are attached to the appropriate sec tion of a London newspaper for their stay in Britain present Canadians Manipulate Language By ERIC WILSON wv VICTORIA (CP) -- A diction- ary to be published next year will show how Canadians have manipulated the spoken and written word for 100 years. For example, only in Canada is a banker both a man whe handles finances and a fisher- man who works the Grand Banks off the Newfoundland coast. This dual definition is one of 12,000 entries in the Dictionary of Canadianisms to be published by W. J. Gage Co. The dictionary of words and usages is the product of 10 years' work directed by Dr, Harry Scargill, head of the de- partment of linguistics at the University of Victoria. Assisting him as editors are Dr. Douglas Leechman of Vic- toria, a retired federal anthro- pologist; Charles Crate of Van- couver, a teacher; and Dr. Wal- ter Avis of Kingston, Ont., a lee- turer at the Royal Military Col- lege. Work: was started in 1954 by the Canadian Linguistic Associa- tion-of which Dr. Scargill now is president. COMPLIMENT OFF BEAM His personal interest in the project was first aroused when, as a recent arrival from Brit- ain, he complimented a friend on having a homely wife. He was surprised to find the Canadian use of the word "homely" differs from the Brit- ish, which describes pride in one's home and family. More than. 100 volunteer read- ers across the country, scan- ning everything from journals kept by early travellers to daily newspapers, have compiled 500,- 000 notes as Canadianisms. Dr. Scargill emphasizes that a good historical dictionary not only provides meanings and spellings but also is a record of the history of the people whose language is represented. "The history of Canada is a varied and colorful one where habitant, homesteader, Black Pilots of Nova Scotia, remit- tance men and the stubble jumpers of the prairies jostle for a place,'"' he says. « 'Canadians have not been slow to find nicknames for themselves and others. Among them are: Spud Islander, pea souper, improved Scotsman, Patlander (Irish) and, for the Englishman, bronco and spar- row." "Under the entry 'beverage room' may be found this illus- tration: "Tap rooms and taverns and pubs are absurd, "Bar is a nasty, @ horrible word; "Give us a name with a reson- ant boom, "A respectable name -- like beverage room." One Of First Watches Ever TORONTO (CP) -- Garton Ward of nearby Markham Is the owner of a pocket timepiece which may have been among the first 10 watches made in the world. Ward received the watch, its case battered and its mechan- ism dirty and clogged with rust, from his wife for his birthday. His hobby is' repairing and studying watches and clocks. An inscription on ¢he_back of the inside case of the watch reads: "Thomas Taylor, Man- chester, 1562." Ward said that between 1620 and 1650 several English clock- makers came to the American colonies from England. Among them was a Richard Taylor, who came from near Manches- ter Richard Taylor could have been the great grandson of Thomas Taylor, who originally made the watch, Ward said, ex- plaining that in those days skilled trades such as clock- making were handed down from father to son. The watch, much thicker than a regular pocket watch but with about the same circumference, was found by two boys among debris piled in the corner of an old barn near Markham. They took it 'to a jeweler who was too busy with other repairs to try to fix it and Mrs, Ward bought it for a smal! sum, After removing, cleaning and putting Wack all the parts, Ward inserted the key into the wind- ing mechanism and turned it. The watch began ticking and now keeps perfect time Montreal Nindsor Edmonton Oshawa Winnipeg Associatec' Firtns In United and Other Countries Oshawa DELOITTE, PLENDER, HASKINS & SELLS with whom are gow merged MONTEITH, RIEHL, WATERS & CO. Chartered Accountants Prince George ytate throughout the World ~ Oshawa Shopping Centre Hamilton Calgary Vancouver f America, Great Britain 728-7527