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Pe ih Sab 2 bye Mshawa Simes Prades? atedad Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited - 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher MONDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1965 --- PAGE 4 New Courses Charted In Penal Reform Field Canada's new Parliament is likely to face demands for an in- vestigation into organized crime. This is undoubtedly an important matter but, as The Vancouver Sun says, it would be unfortunate if the dictates of politics obscured the need for Canada to keep in step with other Western countries in investigating the need for reforms in criminal and penal law generally. Britain's commission on law, for example, expects tb bring. draft bills to Parliament next year pro- posing certain changes. One perhaps will be in the law which says a man ean be found guilty of murder even though he did not intend it. In addition the commission is looking into the laws of contract and land- lord and tenant to see if changes are needed, and is studying conti- nental codes in order to suggest modifications in the system of Com- mon Law where feasible. Another British commission is looking into penal law. And of great interest to many Canadians were the proposals recently laid before this body by a London tociety of lawyers regarding com- pensation for victims of crime and for dealing with young delinquents. England had had a system of compensation for the victims of violent crime for about a year. There'seems to be an implied critic- ism of its operation in the society's demand that more orders for resti- tution and compensation be issued. In a related field the lawyers suggest the courts stop sentencing criminals to long terms merely to prevent them enjoying the vast sums they may have tucked away as the profit of crime. Instead the. state should set up machinery to make criminals account for any sudden accession of wealth. In still another related field the British lawyers urge that while it is the victim of crime rather than the criminal who deserves public sympathy, some alternatives to im- prisonment should be explored. This is the especially important in deal- ing with juvenile delinquents, who should be prevented from maturing into. regular. criminals. Their pro- posal is that instead of jail the young offender should be put into some supervised service that will pay him an adequate wage. What the consequence could be is yet to be determined yet as the British Columbia daily points out, it is the type of idea that Canada should be interested. Wind Always Villain Many parts of Canada have been besieged with extremely low tem- peratures and unusually strong winds during the last few years and these unpopular climatic con- ditions have given prominence to the subject of wind chill. According to the Natural Gas Information Service wind chill factor is defined as the rate at which the body of an inactive, taked human would lose heat if placed outside, in the shade, under given conditions of temperature. To the person in the street wind chill means it's a lot colder when there is a wind blowing than when the weather is calm. The officials attribute this to the fact that a body cannot be cooled lower than the recorded temperature; but when there is a strong wind, ex- posed objects cool to the recorded temperature more rapidly. In the words of one expert the She Oshawa Times T. L. WILSON, Publisher &. C. ROOKE, General Manager od Hacgonne wo 98d Editor The Oshawa Times itby "Gozetto "ond is published daily The Oshawa 'established Teyth es and Ss le established 1863) end y y Members of Canadian Daily 'Newspaper Publish: er Association. Canadian Press, Audit Bureay Py Cireulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Association. The bag Press is exciusively entitied to boa Kain of republication of gli sews raga it fl or to The lated euters, iso the socal publianed hictan: All Ping a special des ches are also reserved. Gffices:_ Thomson ae 425 university 'Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Cathcart Street, Montreal. P.O. SUBSCRIPTION RATES carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, yea beeen, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince \bert, Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, pool, 'aunton, fyrore, Dunbarton. Enniskillen, 'ono, Leskord, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Manchester, Pontypool, and Newcastle not over 0c, per week. By mail in Province of Ontario 'Syttice ber a area, $15.00 per year. Commonwealth Countries, 5 ae grad Usa. end foreign $27.00 per Me a wind chill tells how cold you feel, not how cold it actually is. Stated more simply it means that it feels warmer at 20 below zero when there is no wind than when there is a 20 mile an hour wind. Since the experts have only cal- culated the wind chill with winds based on-a five mile an hour wind the above situations would have wind chills something like this: When it is 20 below, you would feel 20 degrees of cold. When it is 20 below and there is a 20 mile an hour wind blowing, the wind chill would make you feel as though it were 59 below with a five mile an hour wind. Another example would be if the temperature were 15 below with a 10 mile per hour wind the wind chill factor would be 33 below. But if it were 15 below with a 40 mile an hour wind, it would be the equivalent of 69 below zero with a five mile an hour wind. The wind is the villain in the whole case, Other Editors' Views COURAGE WILL BE NEEDED Whoever Mr. Pearson chooses as finance minister, he had better be a@ man of courage and bull-headed determination. He will face very hard decisions, and he will have to take them quickly. If he flunks them, he may enjoy a few months in an illusory glow of popularity. But a few years hence, when we have reaped the whirlwind, his name. will be execrated, -- Financial Times. Vietnamese Struggle Casts =, Oh. a oe Tragic snado} "By BORIS MISKEW UNITED NATIONS (CP)-- The Vietnamese war casts a tragic shadow across the United Nations as the world organiza- tion looks the other way and tries hard to concentrate on questions of disarmament and peacekeeping. The . 117-nation organization has been remarkably successful in adopting resolutions during the current session on a world disarmament conference, the halting of the spread of nuclear weapons and onthe Indian- Pakistani dispute which re- sulted in a ceasefire in Septem- ber. But the United Nations, set up after the Second World War to preserve peace in the world, so far has been unable to get per- mission from member s to try to put out the flames of war in Viet Nam. The escalating conflict in the midst. of the current session oi the Genera] Assembly has given clarity: to the frustrating situa- tion in which the UN still finds itself, that is, the inability to grapple effectively with what today is the biggest single threat to world peace. SERIOUS CONFLICT A number of delegations, in- cluding that of Canada, have spoken during the session of the seriousness of the conflict in Viet Nam. Until now that is about the only attention given to the crisis, with the exception of Soviet-American exchanges that involved U.S. charges against the Communist Chinese for provoking the war and So- viet accusations of American aggression against North Viet am, Paul Martin, Canada's exter- nal affairs minister, called eariy in the session on member states to spare no efforts in trying to bring a settlement to the Viet- namese conflict. Other nations have issued similar calls. The biggest obstacle to a iF w Across BN "constructive | "discussion in the" UN on a possibile solution to the Vietnamese war is that neither South Viet Nam, where the rebel Viet Cong forces have taken a hold of a large part of the country, nor North Viet Nam is a member of the world or- ganization. And neither is Come munist China, alleged by Wash- ington to be the culprit behind the rebellion. The only member of the UN that has become more and more entangled in the Vietna- mese spider webb is the United States but neither the U.S. nor the Soviet Union, which once stood solidly behind Peking, has shown any eagerness to have the conflict placed on the al- ready heavy UN agenda. INCREASE STRENGTH The U.S. instead is pouring more men and military equip- ment into the war which once was fought mainly by South Vietnamese government forces and the Viet Cong, while Com- munist North Viet Nam is send- ing supplies and reinforcements to the rebel bands scattered across much of South Viet Nam. The U.S. has issued a warn- ing in the face of heavy losses by the South Vietnamese gov- ernment forces that it will take "counter action' against the accelerating infiltration by North Vietnamese regular troops into South Viet Nam. As the war in that Southeast Asian trouble spot threatens to spread its flames to neighborifig countries, the most the UN c do is hope that this does not happen as it continues to work for peace along the channels now open to it. But while the current assem- bly engaged itself in passing resolutions on such items as a world disarmament conference and the non-proliferation of nu- clear weapons, there is a danger that it-may be remembered as the one that fiddled while Viet Nam burned. Firm Bipartite Leadership New Kremlin Power Reality By JOHN BEST MOSCOW (CP) -- They 'mounted the mausoleum alone and stood there for 30 seconds acknowledging the cheers of the faithful gathered for the 48th anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution. Only then were Leonid Brezh- nev, Communist party first sec- retary, and Premier Alexei Ko- sygin joined on Lenin's tomb in Red Square by other members of the presidium. The litle performance seemed a small reflection of a new Kremlin power reality-- that one year after the -fall of Nikita Khrushchev B and K had succeeded in establishing a firm bipartite hold on Soviet leader- ship. During their first year of of- fice there was continual talk of further shakeups to come--that one or the other or both would be ousted in favor of someone else on the ruling presidium. But in recent months such speculation has almost com- pletely died away. This in itself offers no assur- ance of the security of Brezhnev and Kosygin. Outsiders seldom have a clear picture of any tug- o'-war in the upper echelons ¢ the Soviet hierarchy. Nevertheless, many observers have a strong impression that B and K have begun to hit their stride, demonstrating a surer touch in dealing with both do- mestic and foreign affairs. SPENDING HEAVILY Brezhnev has taken the lead in the new attack on the prob- lems of agriculture, involving vast financial outlays and con- cessions to farmers to induce them to produce more. Kosygin has championed the BIBLE And the people believed.-- Exodus 4:31. sia When the Israelites saw works of the Lord, they placed their faith in Him. We today should do the same, for His wonderful .'c.ks are all around us. cause of the increasingly vocal liberal economists, lending his name and prestige to a move- ment to free fractory managers from some of the fetters of over-rigid state planning and make profit the chief yardstick of efficiency. In foreign affairs, following what appeared to be a shaky start, they have managed at least to hold their own. Many people questioned the wisdom of involving the U.S.S.R. in the Viet Nam con- flict by sending equipment. But now these same people see the Soviet Union as possibly in a position to influence Hanoi to- ward negotiations with Wash- ington to end the war. And where Kremlin policy at one time seemed to be heading toward a dangerous confronta- tion with the U.S. over Viet Nam, steps have been taken to see that such a clash does not occur, On a general foreign policy level, relations with the West have cooled, but Moscow has continued to espouse the prin- cipal of peaceful coexistence and has projected an image of statesmanlike restraint for many peoples of the world. POINTED PARAGRAPHS "Man RunOver_ by Tractor Greatly Improved." -- Head- line. It must be that this straightened him out. Some organizations are too strict in enforcing bylaws, a glaring example being the ex- pulsion of a girl from a nudist colony because she. wore ear bobs. It's a pity that a person with a long face doesn't refrain from flapping his underslung jaw. A particularly dangerous com- bination is a wet highway and a wet driver, especially if the driver is still, in a manner of speaking, moist behind the ears. ae SINSIDE CITY HALL Serving on city council is sometimes like placing your neck in a noose -- you can be "hung" if you decide to do scnething and you can be "hung' if you decide to do nothing. 1t's not really all that morbid, but the verbal criticism usually directed at members of council -- whether they are for or against something, or nothing, doesn't make life any pleasan- ter. One "'noose,"' the $1.7 million civic square development pro- posal, tightened noticeably last week around council's _ neck. City aldermen adopted Mayor Lyman Gifford's suggestion that the financial implications of the proposal, presented by archi- tects Pentland, Baker and Pol- son, be referred to council's finance committee (Attersley, Pilkey and Thomas) for study and a report. The move is another step to- he ee eee ee Te se ee RENEE ward the day (not the gallows) when council will have to make a decision. Escape routes are non-existent. And council, with three choices in the matter, is not likely to relieve much of the pressure of the "noose," what- ever the decision, Council could: --reject the complete proposal , and vote not to spend a penny on new buildings.. But, every member of council acknowl- edges the need for more space now. The inside of the present city hall, completed' in 1954 at a cost of $450,000, resembles a packed suitcase, --modify the proposal 'and thereby reduce the cost. By doing that the space problem may be solved for today. But, what about tomorrow? --approve the proposal as pre- sented. But, no doubt the screams of some taxpayers, and at least a few aldermen, would echo in the council chambers for years te come, Architect Paul Pentland sug- gested, but did not recommend, a few ways by which council could modify the proposal and cut costs. council would have to face up to the expenses eventually, could only be delayed, and that construction costs will most like- ly go up -- not down. One of the items in the pro- posed complex, $468,000 for a one-level, 125-space underground parking garage, may become a hot issue. the garage, it does not mean that $468,000 will be eliminated. Mr. Pentland said if the underground garage was not built $200,000 would have to be spent con- structing basement-foundations for-the--new--buildings: more logical to say that the cost of the underground garage is $286,000," he said. Using this figure the cost per underground parking space is roughly $2,150 compared with Ald. of s However, he said they Mr, city erty with But by eliminating libra pans whie it even west and purchase, and the E, school. Five of the seven houses behind-the library-are-owned-by. the city and the other two will tract velopment to the north and east. By Paul Tissington 'Civic Square Proposal Sent For Scrutiny the almost $2,000 per space cost the city most recently paid for surface parking in the down- town area. And traffic chairman John Brady said the cost urface parking will most likely increase. The civic square proposal also leaves ample room for future civic development in the area. Pentland suggests that the purchase the church. prop- on Centre st., and link it a city parking lot immedi- ately north of the church. To the: south of city hall lies the ry, which has plans for ex- ion, the Legion property, h the city is negotiating to A. Lovell tually be purchased. Cen- tennial Parkway will border the limit of the civic square the development should at- major commercial - de- 7 the city' e tree ny arsery CANADA'S STORY Bell Did By BOB BOWMAN In 1893 Alexander Graham Bell told a reorter 'I have not the shadow of a doubt that the problem of aerial navigation will be solved in 10 years'. His prediction was exactly right be- cause the Wright brothers madé their first flight 10 years later. Yet many people thought that Bell was going out of his mind. One distinguished scientist told him to stop making such foolish statements or his reputation would be destroyed Perhaps somebody told him to "go fly a kite'. In any case, that is what Bell did. Doing most of the experimenting at his summer home at Baddeck, mes mune TS TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS Dec. 6, 1965... Lieut. Thomas E. Selfridge of the United States Army became the first passenger in a heavier - than - air ma- chine flown in Canada 58 years ago today--in 1907--at Baddeck, N.S. The machine was the Cfgnet, a 42-foot box-kite built by Alexander Graham Bell and the mem- bers of the Aerial Experi- ment Association, including F. W. (Casey) Baldwin, J. A. D. McCurdy and Glenn Curtiss, thé American engi- neer. The little group of pio- neers was dissolved soon after the early flights of Baldwin -and McCurdy and Selfridge became _aviation's first casualty, killed flying with Orville Wright in 1908. 1643--"Pride's Purge" of the English Parliament took place. 1917--Finland proclaimed independence from Russia. First World War Fifty years ago today--in 1915 -- British forces sus- tained a Bulgarian attack at Strumnitza, in the Balkans, and retired from Lake Doi- ran; a British submarine sank a Turkish destroyer in the Sea of Marmora. Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day -- in 1940 -- Bristol was heavily. bombed at night after sporadic day raids over England; Marshal Ba- doglio resigned as chief of the Italian general staff; Russia signed a trade agree- ment with German - con- trolled Slovakia. YEARS AGO 15 YEARS AGO Dec. 6, 1950 Oshawa Rotary Club observed Past Presidents' Day. E. A. Lovell, president of the club in 1926-27, was chairman, while the address was delivered by T. K. Creighton, president in 1938-39. Loblaw Groceterias, Ltd. pur- chased a large block of land at the corner of King st:~e.- and Wilson rd. n. as a site for a new store. 30 YEARS AGO Dec. 6, 1935 Col. Frank Chappell was re- elected- president of the Oshawa and District Boy Scouts Associa- tion. Hundreds of trees were young maple transplanted from to the Scoulsyaids and parks, Fly His Kite' Nova Scotia, Bell designed kites of many types, testing them for lifting power and _ strength. Many women in Baddeck made the materials for him, and a distinguished helper was Helen Keller who visited the Bells one summer. She was holding one of Bell's kites one day, and nearly got lifted into the air by a strong gust of wind. By 1907 Bell had formed an Aerial Experimental Association with McCurdy, Baldwin, Curtiss and Selfridge, and designed the tetrahedralkite 'Cygnet'. It looked like a slice of honeycomb with triangular red cells. On December 6, Selfridge crawled into a'hole in the kite and lay face down, The kite was drawn by the steamer Blue Hill, and rose 168 feet in the air. Selfridge could only steer it by shifting his weight but the flight was successful: the first passenger flight in Canada by a heavier-than-air machine. Me- Curdy's flight in the 'Silver Dart", the first airplane flight Bees cectrecnesersenarege in Canada, later. OTHER EVENTS ON DEC. 6: 1678--LaMotte and Hennepin reached Niagara 1764--Soldiers attacked Thomas Walker, Montreal magis- trate, and took an ear as a souvenir 1749--Pierre La Verendrye died at Montreal; Fort Rouille (Toronto) established 1837--W. L. Mackenzie seized government mail at Pea- cock Inn 1838--Insurgents defeated at Philipsburg and Vermout border. 1880--First issue "Bulletin" 1917--Halifax explosion killed 1,630 people; thousands in- jured 1921--General election resulted Liberals 117, Progressives 66, Conservatives 50; Agnes McPhail first woman elected to House of Commons came two years Edmonton nv Tn canee epg sen Riches Of Tourist Trade Eyed By Haitian Dictator PORT AU PRINCE (AP)-- Papa Doc is making come- hither eyes at North Americans. The Haitian dictator, formally known as Francois Duvalier, is going after tourist dollars, Until. very recently, Haiti was about as compelling a tourist attraction as the Dominican revolution next door. It has quieted down=possibly because the dictator has run out of lo- cal enemies. There hasn't been much noise since the iast ma- jor opposition crisis in April 1963. He jailed 65-military offi- cers who haven't been heard from since. He frightened scores of others into political exile. With all its political short- comings, Haiti still has a cer- tain charm. Its drab capital, Port au Prince, is ringed by high, cool, green' mountains alive with flowers of brilliant hues. A_ surfaced, serpentine road leads to mountain villages and some first-class hotels with sweeping views of the hot trop- ical floor below and the great turquoise bay. Port au Prince itself, with its gingerbready, turn - of - the- century architecture, has such attractions as the turreted ma- roon - and - green Iron Market with its vegetables of nearly every shape, hue and smell. Duvalier this month decreed that the city should be cleaned up, especially in a downtown sector designated as a tourist zone where beggars will be for- bidden. Caribbean Cruise Lines have scheduled some 65 - stopovers (mostly 24 hours or less) in Port au Prince for the October- April tourist season. Tourist promotion is expected to cost more than the $1,900,000 estimated to have been spent in 1964. Merchants have been told that one campaign in the United States will cost. $80,000 and that each must contribute no less than $150 to finance it. Duvalier's political apparatus includes a well-armed civilian militia of 5,000 to confront any army dissidents and a legion of Ton Ton Macoutes, or security bullyboys, to keep restless civil- jans in line. Until recently, some Haitians would greet each other. with the remark, 'did' you go to mass this morning' Or 'did you have 2 good cup of coffee this wiorning" This was the way a citizen learned whether his neighbor had heard the early-morning anti-Duvalier shortwave broad- cast originating in New York. Inevitably, Papa Doc heard about' the broadcasts. He had electric power cut off every morning at six for thé length of the program. This kind of plot - watching keeps Duvaiier in' business. His strength is reflected in the ane- mia plaguing his adversaries. Much of his opposition now seems demoralized by convic- tion Papa Doc will not be fright- ened into exile by political or economic pressures from inside or out, that an internal upris- ing appears as out of the ques- tion as a foreign-financed inva- sion. Papa Doc's flock is about 85 per cent illiterate. The yearly income per inhabitant averages out at $70, down from $79 in 1955. SEND MONEY IN Businessmen, who can't close their shops for fear Duvalier will confiscate them, say that the amount of money sent by families abroad to relatives in Haiti exceeded national tourist income last year. With little to offer profes- sionals or college graduates here, Haiti has a large family of talented people abroad. University sources say that out of 264 medical graduates in the last 10 years, only three re- main in the country, There are more Haitian doctors inCanada (250) than in all of Haiti outside the Port au Prince area. How does Papa Doc afloat The cost of running the gov- ernment is carefully watched by the International Monetary Fund, which provides Haiti with a $4,000,000 standby credit an- nually. When. Papa Doc runs short_of cash, he is allowed. to borrow until his finances are squared away. Government costs are. paid for through myriad taxes on im- ports, sales and others that some local businessmen say would qualify as. extortion in other countries. The real Duvalier. prop is the Haitian little man, who sells squash in the Iron Market or trudges miles uphill to Kenscoff for a load of fresh val ie and hi lettuce, He mee stay two elements: Laymen: Betefed On Laws _ By JACK TRACY Canadian Press Staff Writer If your small child tosses @ baseball through a neighbor's window, you're not legally ob- liged to pay for the glass. If you issue a cheque or pro- missory note on a Sunday it's perfectly valid, as long as the contract it deals with was con- cluded on a weekday. These are a few points in F. A. R. Chapman's mentals of Canadian Law (Me- Graw-Hill), a book that tries to break down the complexities of the law and courts into words the layman can understand. The British-born author, edu- cated in law at Cambridge, now teaches law at Ryerson Poly technical Institute in Toronto. Chapman uses examples lib- erally to put life into the dry law he recites. He observes, for instance, that while a parent has no le- gal obligation to pay for the window his son broke, this is usually done as a moral obli- gation. On the other hand, the parent and child would be equally responsible if the parent provided the child with a gun and neglected to instruct him = its use or supervise his shoot- ing. In a section on trespass; he says a man has air rights over his property but that a British farmer who sued the BBC for damages because its radio waves were supposedly hurting his tomato plants lost his case in court. Discussing libel, the author notes that libellous statements need not be in writing; they may be in a movie, faked photo, drawing or sculpture, PICKING POCKET He observes that on the frieze over the entrance to the Tor- onto Stock Exchange a top- hatted financier is shown with his hand in the pocket of a cloth-capped worker. The finan- cier could sue for libel if his face were identifiable as that of a living person, Chapman writes. Reading the book. will not en- title the reader to pose as a do- it - yourself lawyer, Chapman says, but he will have learned enough to prevent himself from becoming enmeshed in certain difficulties; to recognize situa- tions in which one should con- sult a lawyer, and to confer in- telligently with the lawyer once he has got into a legal scrape. Joseph Sedgwick, prominent Toronto lawyer, has described the book as "a useful addition to the working tools of every office." One little-known aspect of the law that Chapman brings out is covered by the Ontario Gam- ing Act. A person who has lost a bet can sue within three months of payment to get his money back if the amount was more than $40, he says. But the bet must have been over a spori or pastime -- billiards, horsera- cing or cards, for example. He couldn't recover an election bet. Bonn Argues Border Loss By LIONEL WALSH BONN (Reuters)--Fierce and bitter argument is raging in West Germany over whether the Germans should renounce their claims to territories in the East lost to Poland and the So- viet Union. Only a few years ago, the idea of giving up the lands be- yond the Oder - Neisse line, drawn provisionally by the vic- torious allies of the Second World War, was unthinkable. Refugee organizations clamor- ing for their "right" to the "lost homeland" in Pomerania, Si- lesia and East Prussia were al- most unopposed in public de- bate But the German Evangelical Church now has boldly called on Germans to think again about the wisdom of insisting that this large chunk of the old German Reich, remains German terri- tory, 'although it now is inhab- ited by Poles and, in the case of the northern half of East Prussia, by Soviets. The church, in a memor- andum calling for conciliation with Poland, says that the re- turn of the Oder-Neisse terri- tories, representing nearly one- quarter of the Germany of 1937, is impossible without endanger- ing the Polish state. The memorandum, now being discussed at parish level, dec- lares that Germans 'must in future respect the living rights of the Polish people, and leave them the space which they need for their development." FORM LOBBY Refugee organizations are ap- palled. They claim to speak for. 10,500,000 Germans driven from their homelands, and form a powerful political lobby. Politicians have in the past been unwilling even to hint at "renunciation" -- a damning word in the German political vocabulary. Prominent churchmen have been bombarded with abusive letters, described by . Bishop Hans Lilje of Hanover, who was once imprisoned by the Nazis, ac "2 mon pathol OMI. Suleal hatred." ifoctation of BiSh OF