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" --_----" emcee Et SG PRE IE ON OE Ege e a I ie a A Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L..Wilson, Publisher - THURSDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1965 --- PAGE 4 Municipal Elections Come At Crucial Time Yet another election day nears for residents of Whitby, Bowmanville, Pickering and neighboring munici- palities. Coming as they have done practically concurrently with cam- paigning in the federal field, the municipal contests could under- standably have faltered in enthu- siasm. However this has not been the case. Campaigning, particularly in Whitby, has been enthusiastic. A good number of.candidates are seek- ing office and concerted efforts are being made to bring the issues be- fore the electorate. It is an extremely healthy harbin- ger for development. Growth and expansion within such communities as Whitby and Pickering have been widespread and rapid. Indications are many in both industrial and com. mercial aspects that still greater things are to come. The development while certainly welcomed will bring with it many new and vexing problems for those who agree to serve in municipal gov- ernments. The guiding and accom- modating of new enterprises repre- sents a big job indeed. That men with definite proposals on how they feel the job can best be done are vy- ing for key responsibilities augurs well for the future. Choosing those they consider best qualified to oversee municipal af- fairs is also a key responsibility. It rests with the voters who will be go- ing to the polls within the next week to make this decision. At a time when most municipalities are mush- rooming and.when the whole muni- cipal system of government may well face a radical overhaul, it is es- pecially important that as many vo- ters as can register their choice at the- polls. In municipal elections more than those in the federal and provincial fields the interest shown by voters at this time has a decisive bearing on the day-by-day developments of their communities, It is an oppor- tunity they can ill-afford to neglect. Horror Hastens Halt The possibility of radioactive con- tamination seems to hit the head- lines with a more resounding swell of concern than does reports of what might be loosely termed "more com- mon" forms of pollution of air and water. The abnormal rate of radioactiv- ity found in the waters of the uran- ium-mining Elliot Lake area is a case in point. For a time the situa- tion bordered on being an election is- sue and since then has been the subject of intensive investigation. In an interview with The Times, Dr. G. C. Laurence, president of the Atomic Energy Control Board of Canada, has admitted the concentra- tions there are higher than expect- ed and modifications of their opera- tions are under consideration by two uranium producers. Yet Dr. She Oshawa Times TL. WILSON, Publisher R. C. ROOKE, General Maneger C. J. MeCONECHY Edifor The Oshewo Times commis ie Oshowa Times (established 1871) and the hitby Gazette ond Chronicle established 1863) is published daily Sundeys end Statutory holidays excepted) Members of Canadion. Daily Newspoper Publish ers Association. The Canadion Press, Audit Bureou of Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Associotion. The Canadian Press is exciusively entitied to the use of republication of ali "ews despetched in the paper credited to ff or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and also the tocol news published therein. All rights of special des ootches ore also reserved. 425 University Building, on airreart street, Thomson ie, i i, Tare; Avenui Montreal P.O SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, yy ota Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Liverpoe!, Taunton, tyrone Dunbarton, Enniskillen, Orono, Leskerd, Brougham, Burketon, Ciaremont, Manehester, Pontypool, and Newcastle not over 50c, per week. By mail in Province of Ontario outside corrier delivery area, $15.00 f yeor, Other provinces and Commonwealth Countries, $18.00 per year. U.S.A. and foreign $27,00 per yeor, Laurence assures there is no danger to residents of the area. In fact he maintains the radio- active pollution permitted by the recommended levels is less objec- tionable than some of the other types of pollution to which Cana- dians are exposed. "If I lived close to a large electric power station, I would prefer it consumed uranium and not coal," he said. "I would pre- fer working in a nuclear plant to working in a coal-fired plant. And in drinking untreated water from Elliot Lake, I would be more con- cerned about the risks of typhoid germs than radioactive contamina- tion'. It is easier to exercise control over radioactive contamination because the public generally thinks of radia- tion injury with greater horror than comparable injury or illness from common causes is the opinion of the atomic energy expert. It is highly unlikely the degree of pollution by industrial wastes and sewage posing problems today would have been permitted if we had not became accustomed to it gradually. We look upon such pollution as al- most an inevitable consequence of population growth and industrial developmeint. That such an assessment is logi- cal is indisputable; It is well also to know. 'particularly. thi= which is the site of a major nuclear plant, that competent tabs are being kept on any chance of radioactive contamination, Meanwhile, a course of action remains to be charted to cope with the problems of pollution that come in the "common" cate- gory. am area OUEEN'S .PARK She Oshawa Simes 'Sontaiee To Tackle Offensive By DON O'HEARN TORONTO--One fact of politi- cal life in. the near future is that federal-provincial- relations will be the main bout. And the federal government-- now the champ--will probably be hard pressed to carry the fight. Everything that has happened to date in federal-provincial re- lations can well have been a preliminary flexing of muscles compared to what is ahead. The provinces in the last few years have bred a lot of talk-- and complaint -- through their aggressiveness, But the signs indicate this 'was probably only a warmup. And now they. are ready for round one of the main go. They are prepared to take the offen- sive. ~ GETTING TOGETHER You may or may not have no- ticed recently the various gath- erings of proyincial officials from across the country. At one meeting provincial ministers of health met in Winnipeg to dis- cuss medical care insurance. Then Highways Minister Charles MacNaughton of On- tario announced a meeting of ministers of highways of all the provinces will be held soon here in Toronto. What you may not have re- 'alized is that these meetings are a relatively new develop- ment and that they are a de- velopment that spells trouble for Ottawa. The modern history of federal- provincial relations is that the provinces have not acted in con- cert. In fact, until recently they quite consciously did just the opposite. To avoid the accusation of a "gang-up" there has been prac- tically no formal consultation between them on problems in- volving the federal government. Within the last 10 years an annual meeting of provincial premiers was started. But even here care was taken not-to ap- pear to be planning a concerted action. No formal resolutions as such were passed at these meetings, and only the most innocuous statements were issued from them. Recently there has been a change in the character of these meetings. There obviously has been mote discussion and agreement on tactics behind the closed doors. Bu still the pub- lic image has been maintained of no gang-up However, the meetings now being hgld are frankly directed at forming policy to put before Ottawa. YEARS. AGO 15 YEARS AGO December 2, 1950 The Oshawa St. Andrewgs So- ciety Ball was a brilliant social affair. The program, with John McGregor as master of cere- monies and Mr. and Mrs. George D. Lees as. directors of dancing was'a varied one and delighted more than 70 couples. Fred D. Ray of the Oshawa Collegiate Instilute was among the band and orchestra direc- tors attending the Third Annual Instrumental Music Clinic - in Toronto. "30 YEARS AGO December 2, 1935 J. C. Whereatt was elected president of the Oshawa Ki- wanis Club for 1936, succeeding J. L. Beaton. Public Utilities Commission and East Whitby Township reached an agreement for ex- tension of water and sewer mains in Westmount. CHOPPED STICKS a CANADA'S STORY 11,1 ct Steamers Open West BY BOB BOWMAN Despite Lord Selkirk's: colon- izing efforts in the early 1800's and the influx of fur traders of the Northwest and Hudson's Bay Companies, Fort Garry (Winnipeg) only had a_ popu- lation of 241 in 1859. Some hardy pioneers got to Mani- toba in canoes from. Hudson's Bay. The only other Canadian route was by boat to Fort Wil- liam, and then overland to Fort Garry: a tough trip. Things changed when the Americans built a railway from Chicago to St. Paul. Then Can- adians were able to travel from Fort William to Chicago by ship, take the train to St. Paul, then stagecoach to Breckenridge, and sternwheeler down the Red River to Fort Garry. The popu- lation grew from 241 to 10,000 in 10 years, and homes, trading posts, saloons and saw mills grew like mushrooms. The Red River sternwheelers changed the outlook of the west. They brought thousands of set- tlers. Trade in 1870 was aver- aging $10,000,000, a year. The run down the river to Winnipeg was picturesque. Lookouts on the bows of the ships kept sounding the water for depth, and constantly chanted "mark twain' "mark three' or 'no bottom"? as the case might be. The sternwheelers had to stop several times a day so the crew could go on shore and cut logs for fuel, althogh gradually the Indians living along the river bank got into the business of supplying the wood. trade came in 1878 when S. s. Selkirk carried enough rails for 160 miles of track to be laid from Winnipeg to the border. In October it pushed a barge ahead of it carrying the '"'Coun- tess of Dufferin," the first rail- way engine in the west, and which is now on display in Winnipeg. On December 2, 1878 railway service was opened from Winnipeg to the border, BLUE, COPPER PREDOMINATE... . UNFINISHED FIVE YEARS LATER Brazen Brasilia Inescapably Impressive By BRENDA LARGE BRASILIA (CP) Brazil's ultra-modern new capital, said to have cost more than §$600,. 000,000 already, is still under construction five years after its inauguration. Federal government officials freely admit they do not know exactly how much money has been spent, or how much more it will take to complete Bra- Silia But here it is, rising like an unearthy science-fiction métrop- olis on the dry red dust of the Brailian central plateau, 375 miles northwest of the old capi- tal, Rio de Janeiro. From Jhe air, Brasilia's. rows of 10-storey government minis- tries and 20-storey build-~ ings look like strategically- placed toy building blocks--all identical--shimmering as the re- lentless: South American sun hits thousands of identical win- dow panes There is a deep blue -artifi- cial lake which engineers said could never be built because they thought the water would seep out through the earth dam. The lake now stretches about 25 miles around the main government building the monolithic office buildings and apartments where the country's thousands office On the ground of government workers tojl and live seem even more monoto- nous. They stretch along broad, treeless avenues which have In numbers instead of names. Blue and copper are the pre- dominent colors here--the deep hard blue of the lake and clear high blue of the sky, the copper of the dust of Brasilia which swirls among the uncompleted buildings and clifgs to your clothes. Its critics have said the city lacks warmth and atmosphere. It has-been a centre of con- troversy since it was begun in 1956. Although Brazilians are proud of it, they are not falling over themselves to go and live in it. Despite this, Brasilia is inescapably imp@ssive It is impressive)if only for the fact that 10 yea¥s ago it was a barren stretch of red desert in the middle of nowhere. Today, 300,000 people live, in the capital area and it is con- nected to the north and south of the. country by a system of highways. It has an interna- tional airport with facilities for any kind of jet plane and is a 75 minute flight from Rio by jet had Oscar the for a country. in ualy capital since it Bra gained independence from Port- ugal in 1822. The name Bra- rect scare {a Silla was suggested in 1823, but the idea of a new city was only talked about 1956, President Kubits¢hek decided come to Prominent Neimeyer was engaged to design the main government buildings and another Brazilian architect, the city itself. Since retired from politics, has been brutally criticized for initiating project. will tell lot of the president's ' group o' of the city that poverty ds never far away in Brazil. Economists contributing to the chronic inflation that country High-ranking ficials- still the new city because they pre- fer the old-world atmosphere of their offices in Rio. Despite concept behind Brasilia is grad- being lian That concept is this: Brazil's 80,009,009 people lire for decades. Juscelino the time something. architect do Brazilian Lucio Costa, to plan of when, Kubitschek, now Some Brazilians you cynically that a money went into the own Pocket. i t OWISKITTS , as a grim reminder blame Brasilia has afflicted the for years government of- refuse to move to ust the the complaints, accepted by most Most of close to. the Atlantic coast. stretches of hinterland still re- main unpopulated and undevel- oped, much like the Canadian North. The construction of Brasilia, Kubitschek hoped, would start a westward expansion of country. This 'expansion is vital because of Brazil's rapid rate population growth--3.2 per cent a year in the last decade, How been or will be remains to be seen. country should have been put on a firm financial footing be- fore ambitious scheme. the new capital, will provide a focus for national pride and unity. Perhaps one key to how Bra- silla may be thought of in the future by Brazilians lies in the way they now regard its foun- Kubitschek. Today they often speak of the ' city as However, one night last Aug- a rumor swept Janeiro that died proved false, hours known, think about Kubitschek' usw der, Vast the successful Brasilia has Some observers insist the it embarked on stich an Others say as it matures. "Kubitschek's folly." Rio de Kubitschek had in Paris. The . rumor but in 'the few before this became Brazilians began to in @ deta owe and the days of the Red' River steamers were finished OTHER EVENTS ON DECEM- BER 2: 1837 Colonel Gore led troops into St. Denis, Quebec after rebels withdrew Supreme Court of 1853 Van- or ene etc ve couver Island established by Governor Douglas. Louis Riel proclaimed Provisional Government at Fort Garry 1902 Jmes H. Ross elected first member of Parliament for Yukon. 1869 TLE Lawsuits Slow Publication Last Volume On Meighen By JOHN LeBLANC TORONTO (CP)--A' dispute that touched off a lawsuit be- tween historian Roger Graham and the publishers of his three- part biography of Arthur Meighen has been settlefl and the last volume has finally hit the bookstands--1% years be- hind schedule. A section of the book describ- ing a 1953 incident involving the former prime minister and the late W. H. Clarke--then head of Clarke, Irwin and Com- pany, the book's publishers-- has been reprinted with changes. Both parties describe them as minor. Originally, Clarke, Irwin an- nounced the third volume--en- titled No Surrender and cover- ing the Meighen years from 1926 until his death in 1960--for its 1964 spring list. It 'went through the presses but was not released, puzzling history stu- dents for months, Fingiy, it ve- came known early this year that the author, professor of history at the University of Saskatche- wan in Saskatoon, and the pub- lishers were suing each oher. In he context of Meighen's career, the Incident at issue was relatively trifling. At the age of 78, he was talked into running for the largely honorary office of chancellor of the University of Toronto but was defeated by Prof. Samuel W. Beatty, a for- mer dean of arts. CLAIMS IMPLICATION _The company claimed that the original narrative implied that Meighen"s friend Clarke was the leading spirit in persuading him to run and thereby largely responsible for his "humilia- tion." In his $60,000 suit, Prof. Graham said the publisher's widow--now head of the firm-- personally ordered the book kept from sale. The firm counter-sued for $10,000, claim- ing the author's insistence on his version caused its loss. 'Both suits were dropped be- fore getting to trial. There was some rewriting and a section of 82 pages had to be reprinted, though the chancellorship inci- dent takes up only two. 'Thére were very, very slight changes," Prof. Graham said at Saskatoon. R. W. W. Robertson, executive director of the firm, agreed "'very little' was al- tered. Both said they were sat- isfied with the final: version. Ac it cames out in the event. ual text, Mr. Clarke just ap- pears as one of a number of Varsity alumni, anxious to honor the old politician in his twilight years, who started a move to make him chancellor of his alma mater. The outcome might have been innocuous enough except for the fact of Meighen's career already hav- ing been overloaded with frus trations. INSIDE HISTORY More significant are some of the bits of inside political his- iory that dot ihe book, For in- stance, it has fot been gen- erally known up to now that in & 1941 Meighen made an. attempt to avoid his second turn at the Conservative party leadership by enlisting John Bracken, then the Liberal - Progressive head of the Manitoba government. Premier Bracken took over the leadership at a convention in December, 1942, ostensibly a matter of weeks after his name first cropped up. Actually--and Prof. Graham cites a Meighen memorandum -- Meighen had gone to Winnipeg to try to get him to take the job more than a year earlier. The party had been without a leader since Robert Manion quit after a shattering election de- feat in 1940, and a conference was coming up in November, 1941, to deal with the leader- ership. Meighen, then 67 and a senator, was "very apprehen- sive that I might get into a po- sition where the conference would call on me... .." 'At Winnipeg, he wrote, he first talked with Premier Bracken alone and then to- gether with his attorney - gen- eral, Stuart Garson, who later was. to succeed to the premier- ship and still later face his for- mer chief in the Commons a& Liberal justice minister, The meeting was coriclusive. TODAY IN HISTORY By THE CANADIAN PRESS Dec, 2, 1965... The French armies led by Napoleon defeated the com- bined armies of the Aus- trian and Russian emperors 160 years ago today--in 1805 --at the battle of Auster- litz, one year to the day after Napoleon crowned himself emperor. It was the first great battle of his ca- reer in. which he was su- preme commander, and it took Austria out of the anti- French coalition for four years, After the defeat at Trafalgar, the same year, Napoleon gave up attempts to rival British sea power and turned his attention to the conquest of the whole continent of Europe. 1823 -- The Monroe Doc- trine was proclaimed. Rirst Werld War Fifty years ago today--in 1915--Genéral Joseph Joffre was appointed commander- in-chief of the French arm- ies; the organization of the 3rd Canadian Division be- gan: Britain made further gains in the German Cam- eroons 3 Second World War Twenty-five years ago to- day--in 1940--the Canadian "baby budget' barred lux-, ury imports from the United States: Bristol was 'heavily bombed at night; the Brit- ish destroyer Sturdy foun- dered off the Scottish coast, y 'MANCHT! INVANERS' Mongolia Fears China For Historic By JOHN BEST ULAN BATOR (CP)---Soviet ears and trucks have the wide streets practically all to them- selves in this city of 200,000, capital of Mongolia. As in Moscow, the status symbol is the Chaika, a Diz, black, lumbering vehicle with curtains that may be drawn to give the occupants privacy. And as in Moscow, those who ride the Chaikas are high Com- munist party officials or visit- ing dignitaries, Soviet movies flood Mongol- fan cinemas; Russian books are everywhere in book stores; Russian and East European magazines are sold on news- stands. In Ulan Bator's main square there is a mausoleum that looks like 'Lenin's mausoleum in Moscow's Red .Square. It. contains the remains of Dam- din Sukhe Bator, father of the 1921 Mongolian revolution, and Horlo Choibalsan, his successor as Communist party chief. Fighty per cent of Mongolia's foreign trade is with the Soviet Union. While submitting to massive Soviet economic and cultural penetration, Mongolia is mak- ing an obvious effort to con- tain Chinese influence. One rea- son is the country's whole- hearted commitment to Mos- cow in the Soviet+Chinese quar- rel, Another is historical. "There isn't a Mongolian who doesn't fear China for histori- cal reasons,' says an informed Western observer, referring to the fact that Mongolia was un- der Chinese domination for Reasons . more than 200 years until early this century. An English - language book published by the government some years ago but still in cir- culation says that from 1691 to 1911, under the rule of the "Manchu invaders," Mongol- jans suffered "the greatest hardships in all their history." "During Manchu rule, Chi- nese. commercial and usury capital tightened its encroach- ment upon the Mongolian econ- omy, especially since the of the 18th century. "At the beginning of. the 20th century the Manchus tightened the screws on their colonial policy. . Manchu authorities . played the role of middle- men. in the enslavement of Mongolia by.foreign capital, "The Manchus side - tracked Mongolia off the read to cul- tural development that man- kind elsewhere trod," Both the Mongolians and their Russian mentors contrive to be nervous about suspected Chi- * nese designs on this under-pop- ulated land situated between two quarreling giants. A year ago the official Mon- golian telegraph agency issued a statement declaring that "the sombre plans of Chinese na- tionalists to do away, with the state independence of 'the Peo- ple's Republic of Mongolia are absurd and cannot be accom- plished." The statement followed by a@ few days a blast in the Soviet Communist party newspaper Pravda against Mao Tse-tung for claims he. allegedly had made on both Russian and Mongolian territory. Chinese Presence Evident In Construction Programs At the same time Pravda pointedly recalled how Chinese leaders sought agreement in 1954 for making Mongolia a Chinese province, 'a proposal the Russians refused to con- sider. Despite all the difficulties, however, the Chinese presence here is still manifest in certain ways. Ulan Bator's two princi- pal hotels are both Chinese- built, including a handsome 10- storey structure that dominates the city skyline. The Chinese are completing a big apartment development, in- dividual buildings of which are far more pleasing to look at than the drab blocks being put up by Soviet workers in another part of the city. Running south from Ulan Ba- tor for 30 miles is a hard-sur- face road built by the Chinese in 1963-It's in fine shape, much better than a Russian road run- ning for a slightly greater dis- tance north, but, of course, the Soviet route was built in 1937. The dispute between Moscow and Peking has had an impact on Mongolia's efforts to indus- trialize. Much of the commerce between the two passed through Mongolia which reaped divi- dends from transit trade. When trade fell, Mongolia was left without the earnings it had counted on for development pur- poses. RAILWAYS MISS GOAL Significantly, railroads are the one component of the coun- try's transportation system that failed to achieve their target under the five-year plan ending this year. But the industrialization drive appears to have suffered the worst setback. The five - year plan envisaged an increase of 2.1 times in gross industrial product to 1,224,300,000. tugriks ($306,075,000 U.S. at the official exchange rate). The goal later was reduced to 1,026,900,000 tugriks, an in- crease of 1.7 times, The gross agriculture product was set at 1,446,9007000 tugriks, a figure that underlines the fact livestock is still the bi gest money ' earner in this sparsely - populated land, But agriculture is also failing to achieve its production targets under the current plan, From the standpoint of pure economics, agriculture should remain foremost since grazing land is Mongolia's most abun- dant resource. But, under Rus- sian guidance, Mongolians are determined to make their coun- try primarily industrial. Focal point is Darkhan, 100 miles north of here and 75 miles south of the Siberian bor- der, where a big industrial cen- tre is being constructed .with Russian, Czechoslovakian and Polish assistance. Based on local iron and coal, it includes an iron and steel plant and a@ cement factory. "SSSSSSHHHH, DON'T NOISE IT AROUND !" Oh, come on Miss Claus, we don't mind, Let's tell the world | the best. 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