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OEP OG OPES RED BOSSES: ALEXEI KOSYGIN, 60, LEFT, AND LEONID BREZHNEV, 57. New MOSCOW (AP) -- The two men who succeeded Nikita Khrushchey to the leadership of the Soviet Union sought to re- assure the Soviet people today that some of his popular pol- icies will remain. But the fu- ture of his policies toward China and the West was -still a mystery. Leonid Brezhnev, who took over as first secretary of the Communist party in the sudden power change, and Alexei Ko- sygin, the new premier, indi- cated they will carry on the former leader's drive for de- Stalinization' and economic im-} provement, The Soviet Communist party newspaper, Pravda, published Red Chieftains Hint Policy Of Khrushchev Will Remain a front-page statement that the party "firmly and Consistently carries into life the Leninist general line worked out at the 20th and 22nd congresses of the party." Khrushchev delivered his fa- mous speech against Stalinism at the 20th congress in 1956, The 22nd congress five years later set long-terms goals of im- proved economic conditions and the attainment of communism. Any attempt to drop- these pol- icies would probably meet strong popular resistance, many diplomats in Moscow believe. The rest of the world waited to find out how the change-over would affect the Soviet Union's foreign. policy. There was general belief that Khrushchev's departure would open the way to at least a measure of reconciliation be- tween the Soviet Union and China. For the last year Pe- king has hammered at the theme that Khrushchey stood as a personal obstacle to a rap- prochement between the rival Communist giants. China's boss, Mao Tse-tung and his top aides made clear that peace was out of the question as long as Khrushchev spoke for Soviet communism. But any reconciliation ' with Peking could also require a common policy toward the mean an end to Khrushchev's era of peaceful coexistence, not necessarily leading to armed confrontation but at least in- creasing tensions and military budgets. Political experts in Vienna said Khrushchev's eclipse was bound to suspend at least the liberalization drive which has been going on in Communist eastern Europe. A Moscow-Pe- king reconciliation would cer- tainly curtail the measures of independence won by some So- viet satellites, they said, Highlights of the career of Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev: February, 1954 -- Denounced Stalin to 20th Soviet Commu- nist party congress as' mur- derer, barbarian, military. blun- der. October, 1954 --. Ruthlessly suppressed Hungarian revolu- tion. } June, 1957--Threw V. M. Mol- otov, Georgie Malenkov, Lazar Kaganovich and other Stalin stalwarts out of Communist hierarchy, denouncing them as anti-party group. March, 1958 -- Pushed Bul- ganin aside and took premier- ship for himself. September, 1959--Made spec- tacular visit to United States to confer' with President Eisen- hower. October, 1959--Visited Peking to report to Chinese on his American trip, Quoted as tell- ing them not to test capitalism by force. May, 1960--Announced Amerl- can U-2 plane was forced down near. Sverdlovsk. Demanded public apology from Eisen- hower, after which Paris con- ference disintegrated. October, 1960---Spent 25 days attending United Nations in New York where he. p' abolishment of post of secre- tary - general and substitution of a three-man "troika."' October, 1961 -- Denounced Communist Chinese although carefully referring to them as "Albanians." July, 1963--Agreed with the United States and Britain to a treaty banning nuclear tests in space, in the atmosphere and under water, The Hometown Newspaper Of Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, Bowmanville, Pickering and neighboring centres, VOL. 93 -- NO. 243 She Oshawa Times Authorized os Second Class Mail Post Office Department Price Not Over 10 Cents per Copy OSHAWA, ONTARIO, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1964 Ottewa and for payment Weather Report Sunny, Very Warm Today And Tomorrow With Cloudy Periods. High--70, Low--49. of Postage in Cash, TWENTY PAGES | | K. LAB China Explodes Atomic Bomb PEKING (Reuters) -- China |today announced that it had ' sanceastully exploded. its first |nuclear device, the New cai |news agency reported. A press communique stated | |*China exploded an atom bomb jin the western region of China posal came shortly after China announced successful detonation of its first nu- clear device. . In Ottawa External \Minister Martin said today hopes no has adhered to the nuclear test) he Aftairs| country. which, ete pct emanate in reply to questions by T. C. Douglas, New Democratic Party leader. The minister said the Com- munist Chinese explosion will add to radioactivity in the at- mosphere. Mr. Douglas asked whether R EDGES IN LONDON (CP)--Harold Wil- son was named prime minister of Britain today as his Labor party emerged with a thin mar- gin from Thursday's general election. The 48-year-old socialist chief accepted a summons from the Queen to form @ government shortly after Conservative Prime Minister Sir Alec Doug- las-Home had tendered his res- ignation to the monarch. New P.M. Wilson Called To Palace at 15:00 hours (Peking time) on Oct. 16, 1964, and thereby con- ducted- successfully its first nu- ban treaty will use the nuclear | detonation. in Red China as an| Canada would initiate any steps to have maifiand China ad- exeuse for withdrawing from| the treaty provisions. . mitted' to tite~United Nations. Mr. Martin named no det-| Mr. Martin declined com- Wilson then retumed from Buckingham Palace to 10 Down- ing Street, the official residence of the prime minister, Standing -- test." Today's blast makes China the fifth nuclear power after the United States, the Soviet |Union, Britain and France, The blast ended speculation started by the U.S. State Sec- |jretary Dean Rusk several] weeks ago that China would set off a nuclear device 'in the naar future." The New China news agency Britain's new prime minis- had been warning subscribers ter, Harold Wilson, head of the Labor Party, raises a glass of beer in his political club at Hayton as retwnns in the coun- tny's elections gave cause for | celebration. After 13 years of unbroken tenure, the Con- servatives were voted out of office. --AP Wirephdoto announcement at 11 p.m. Pe- king time (11 a.m. EDT). The news flash on the explosion of the bomb came promptly at "DEEP LOYALTY" TO QUEEN [the Creditiste Sits While _ M.P.'s Sing Anthem Ity pe of weapon axeloted, --Communist China proposed today a summit conference of all countries to discuss the "complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons." ' The pro- OTTAWA (CP) -- The Com-jthe Queen's visit which ended mons passed unanimously today|Tuesday. The motion was ' a message of loyalty and devo-/moved by Prime Minister Pear- tion to the Queen but Creditiste|son and seconded by Opposition) MP. lucien Plourde remained|Leader Diefenbaker. seated during the singing of; Mr. Diefenbaker requested) God Save the Queen moments|the message on Wednesday be-\ister Favreau, who said in a later. cause of the "untoward events" |recent:- speech Canada has - Crediticte Guring the Queen's visit. He|"shockingly backward" A number of other Creditiste made né direct reference tojtional services, told the Com- members, including leader Real genaiatiat de strat ' Caouette, were. absent at the|' pa _ demonstrations _Or| mons today he is seriously con-| time. police action in Quebec City; last weekend. The message expressed the) The message was passed "deepest loyalty, affection and|quickly this morning without respect" of the Commons for'debate. WORRIES OF WATER WATCHDOG No. i. Penitentiaries Probe Talked OTTAWA (CP)--Justice Min- | mittee on penitentiaries, Mr. Favreau gave no details} of what kind of inquiry he has| 'in mind. Murky Rivers Pose Problem | EDITOR'S. NOTE: This is the first in a special series of four articles concerning the problem of water pollu- tion in Ontario, Based on a three-year study by the Con- servation Council of Canada, the articles have been writ- ten by Gwyn Kinsey, former editor of The Oshawa Times. Other articles in the series will appear daily on the edi- torial page.) By GWYN KINSEY TORONTO --Every river in southern Ontario and many in other Darts of the Province broad assignments are: to exercise supervision over On- tario's water resources, in- cluding water supplies and waste disposal facilities; and to build, finance and operate water and sewage projects for municipalities. Commission chairman James A. Vance agrees that water pollution in Ontario is @ Massive problem, and that "to a degree' all rivers in southern Ontario are polluted. He does not agree that the situation is getting worse. are polluted and in danger of getting much worse, according to, the Conservation Council of Canada's president, D. N, Kendall. The Council has presented to Premier Robarts a 52-page report on pollution, the result of a three-year study. It painted a black picture of the situation in Ontario. The government agency set up to act as watchdog of the province's water resources is the Ontario Water Resources Commission. The OWRC's tries in his Commons remark' ment. correc: | y WILLIAM L, RYAN Removal of Nikita §. Khrush-} ¢ has the look of a desperate at- tempt by powerful Conservative forces to prevent the world ;}Communist movement from \falling apart. | 'The Chinese Communists will jcheer this development.) |Khrushchey has been their| |prime tanget, but the world) |Communist split will be far| |from headed by this move. Any healing will be at great) --|cost to Soviet policies of relaxa- tian. There is some indication that! jforces in the party led "by Mik-) hail Susloy are behind this de-| |velopment. If that is so, it can prove to be gloomy news both} for the Soviet people and the West. The removal. of Khrushchev \does not look like a complete} route. Indeed, it is questionable sidering a parliamentary com-|that he put up stiff. opposition fied by to. stepping aside. The appointment of Leonid |Brezhnev to head the party | 'seems to indicate at | some} "I will say that we must run faster and faster to make any headway,' he said. "But we have come a long way in the eight years of the Com- mission's @Xistence. What you must remember is that the province does not stand still. Industries expand and new ones are established. The population, particularly in the south, is growing very rapidly. what this means, obviously, is a constant increase in the __ Continued on Page 20) hev from top Soviet positions|does not jhas been exerting pressures on |was starting at the prospect of Russ-China Split 'Won't Be Healed of Khrushchev's policies will be to stand by for an important Pit. Press Special Writer|continued, but the appointment of Alexei Kosygin.as premier promise relaxed re-. lations with the United States. His appointment has the look of a sop to the Soviet people. Kosygin' Ss name once was con- nected with consumer industry back 'in Stalin's days. But Kosygin is likely to be a |pale substitute for Khrushchev as premier, What appears to have hap- jpened is that Khrushchev lstepped on important toes; iKhrushchey carried his revision of dogma too far and clashed with powerful forces including elements of the military. Only recently Khrushchev-- who has been blamed for evi- |dences of creeping capitalism-- himself suggested the revolu- tionary, step of giving produc- tion priority in the economy to consumer industry instead of heavy industry. This would! have reversed a policy sancti- 40 years, and would have indicated downgrading of military production, That was where Khrushchev may have gone too far. On the party side, Khrush- chev's policies obviously were weakening the hold of the So- viet party on Communists | abroad who have been asserting | |their independence. In kddition| |his policies at home have been| responsible for an upsurge in Soviet popular opinion which the Kremlin. This meant that Soviet Premter Nikita' today in Moscow, (See AP Khrushchey has resigned, Wire Story.) (AP Wirephota) usually reliable sounces said --1959 File Picture. K. Changed Diplomacy To World-Wide Brawling By WILLIAM L. RYAN AP Special Correspondent Nikita Sergeyevich Khrush- chev put an end to one era of world diplomacy, opened up a new one and, in the process, plunged communism into a world-wide internal brawl that rocked the movement to its foundations. For Russians, - Khrushchev was a new sort of ruler. The man who became pre- mier in March, 1958, oozed con- fidence that the Soviet system would sweep world capitalism into the dust bin of history. He publicized his convictions with picturesquely earthy predic- tions. He was confident and. bold NEWS HIGHLIGHTS enough to remove terror from the internal apparatus of the state and substitute incentives based on proud Russian ambi- tions. Dramatically revising! a 40- year old party program, Khrushchev sparked a sort of revolution by promising "pie in the sky" for everybody. With it he advanced effectively, a claim to be the rightful heir to Lenin. He advertised the need for 20 years to build the Soviet econ- omy to the point where commu- nism--by definition the U.S.S.R. was socialist and had not yet (Continued on Page 3) the party's authority at home was being weakened while it a splintering of the movement around the world. This stepped on the toes of Conservative elements remain- ing from the Stalin days. The Communist party prob- ably cannot go all the way back to Stalinsim. But there are in- dications in all this that there is a tightening up in prospect-- and that can be bad news both Peaceful Co-existence To Stay WASHINGTON (AP) -- Ambassador Anatoly F: Dobry- nin said at the White House today that the new Soviet gov- ernment intends to maintain the established policy of "neaceful co-existence' and work for a further relaxation of tensions in the world. French Leader Returns Home RIO DE JANEIRO (AP) President de Gaulle of France left by. plane for Paris today, completing a 10- country tour of Latin America. for Russians and t the West. "| seats. in the doorway there he said: "I would like to pledge my- self and my colleagues to work together for the good of our country, We are facing very great problems, but I am con- |fident we can overcome them." | Douglas-Home earlier drove |from the prime minister's resi- dence to the palace in the his- jtonic tradition of the change of jgovernment, marking the end | of 13 years of Conservative | power, |WILL DO BEST Afterward, the former noble- man commented that the result had been 'very close," and added that he and his party will "do our best, when we come to meet in Parliament, to up- hold the interests of the na- tion." Wilson, at 48 the youngest man to lead Britain this cen- tury, thus received a razor-thin mandate to pursue his plans to abolish the country's independ- ent nuclear deterrent and re- nationalize the steel industry. But the near-deadlock left by Thursday's voting indicated the prospect of a stalemated Par- liament and the possibility of another election within a year or so. And there was a question of whether Wilson's majority would be sufficient to permit him to push controversial legis- ones through the Commons, |IN PHOTO FINISH A surge of Conservative votes in the late' counting today brought a nerve-tingling photo- finish to the election. At one point Thursday night, Labor spokesmen and elec- tronic computers were predict- ing a labor edge of 50 or more Then the tide turned to- ward the Conservatives, but not firmly enough to keep them in power. Labor, which now will form its third post-war government, obtained: the necessary 315 seats to give it an dver-all lead in the 630-seat House of Com- mons at 2:45 p.m. local time (9:45 am. EDT) -- nearly 18 hours after the counting of re- sults began Thursday night. The Speaker of the House, who does not have a vote, con- tested the election as a non- party candidate. The bitter struggle between Labor and outgoing Prime Min ister Sir Alec Douglas-Home's EX-P.M. HOME Conservatives lasted throughout the night and all morning. LEAD SHRINKS Labor's over-all lead of 64 seats, reached when counting was halted for a few hours early today, gradually shrank this morning as the Conserva- tives retained their grip on Britain's rural areas. \The struggle for power be- tween the two major parties paralleled the 1950 election in which Clement (now Earl) Att- lee's second. post - war Labor government scraped home with only a six-seat lead. Twenty months later--in Oc- tober, 1951.-- another. election was forced which the Conserva- tives won by a bare 17 seats to ar their 13-year. period of of- ice, Today's ,near-deadlock faced Wilson with the prospect of gruelling, all-night battles in Parliament and, possibly, se- vere restrictions on his' legisla- tive program. This would be most likely on Labor's more controversial plans such as the re-nationaliza- tion of the steel industry, which the Conservatives handed back to private enterprise early in the 1950s. LESS THAN ANTICIPATED The. tight outcome was less than the anticipations- on both sides. Sir Alec. had hoped to lead the Tories into an unprec- edented fourth term. Wilson had hoped desperately for a 50- seat majority--enough to give the strength to impose national- ization measures and. drastie revision of Britain's nuclear de- fence policies without courting disaster in Parliament. "We shall govern, the coun- try has. given us authority," claimed George Brown, the dep- uty Labor leader. With the nation already faced with a difficult balance-of-pay- ments situation, a governmeit with such a narrow majority might find itself inhibited in taking tough economic meas ures that might be necessary. On The Road To GREATER OSHAWA COMMUNITY CHEST Quota Of $275,000 $80'000 | | $124 000 | | $156,000 | $1 74000 | | $200,000 | | | $224 o00| | e. | $256,000 | | $274,000