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Diems Faults Great But He Foiled Reds Much. has been written recently about Ngo Dinh Diem. Still the question lin- gers: What sort of man was iy? Here is an insight by a correspondent who reported Diem's rise to power in South Viet Nam in 1944-45 and met him on many oc- casions. By JOHN RODERICK TOKYO (AP)--"But -- yester- day the word of Caesar might have stood against the world; now lies he there, and 'none so poor to do him reverence." These words of Shakespearre's Mare Antony could be written about Ngo Dinh Diem creator and once president ofthe repub- lic of South Viet Nam. Blindness to reality, suspicion, a touch of arrogance and an inability to brook opposition brought him down. Yet, as of Caesar, it could be said: 'You all did love him once, not with- out cause." Even his enemies will admil that had it not been for the stubbornness and courage of premier of the dissolving south. Tongue-tied, bereft of friends, looking uncomfortable in_ his white, sharksin suit, Diem seemed incapable of action, in- decisive and unable to cope with the problems thrust upon him, The U.S. hoped his past repu- tation for integrity and anit- communism might salvage the situation. Soon, even Americans became disillusioned by Diem's seeming helplessness. Aligned against him was France, the once-proud colonia} power that still wanted to hold on to the tattered strands of power that had bound the French for a century to Indo- china. In Diem the French saw, and feared, a man who would refuse to play their game. Be- cause he had U.S. backing they were alarmed at the prospect of being supplanted by Ameri- cans in lucrative trade. So, instead of supporting this devout Roman Catholic with strongly anti-Communist, pro- West leanings, they almost openly. backed the powerful this diffidently shy aristocrat, South Viet Nam today might be under the iron rule of commu- nism. In the summer of 1954, Viet Vietnamese who coveted the {country for themselves -- the |Binh Xuyen, lords of the Saigon- iCholon rpsotitution, gambling and opium rackets; and the ity and pacified his sector, Diem set about winning popular support. He travelled into the THE OSHAWA TIMES, Tuesday, November 12,1963. 17 liamentary process was Giop-leaieeattion was communicated ened by corruption and ineffi-|to Diem When Buddhists in Hue ciency in his own government,|protested against the killing of forcing him to turn more and|people for daring to fly their more for counsel to his immedi-|religious flag, Diem and Nhu ate family, particularly to his|saw it as a massive political younger brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu. |conspiracy, | Nhu had none of the experi-| Diem perhaps did not realize} ence and patience of the presi-|it, but this was his greatest! dent. His own antagonism _to!crisis. i countryside frequently and style could not compare with that of Ho Chi Minh, his ear- bestness got thréugh to the far- mers. Voting in a free referendum, the Vietnamese ousted Bao Dai, who was spending his days on the. French Riviera, and ac- eepted the republic:which Diem created, Diem restored communica- tions, built up the economy, cleaned, up the cities and laid down a moral code for his peo- ple to follow in the fight against communism. Though Diem gave the coun- try a constitution and a national assembly patterned on those of the Philippines and the United States, he did not believe that the times would permit the op- position elements to exist. MISTAKE WAS FATAL In this, he made a fatal mis- take. He did not recognize that jin a democracy the heat and rancor of parliamentary debate permit opponents of the regime to vent criticisms without re- course to arms. Diem's suspicion of the par-| Nam was in chaos. The French'strange Cao Dai and Hoa Hao} _' tel pabiichc kha had lost the battle of Dign Bein Phu. The great and little pow- ers at Geneva were carving the country into a Communist North and a free South. seemed only a matter of weeks before the wispy-bearded Red chieftain Ho Chi Minh, newly- installed in his capital at Hanoi, would gather the tattered pieces left in the south into a- united Communist people's republic. CALLED FROM EXILE Diem, respected for his war- time opposition to both the French and the Communists, was called out of self-imposed exile in the United States by Emperor Bao Dai and made religious sects, all willing to play ball with France and to seek a compromise with the Communist Ho Chi Minh. : QUELLED RISING But Diem slowly won the sup- port of wavering sectors of the army. With their help he put down the first major threat to his rule, an uprising of pro-Bao |Dai, pro-French military offi- cers, Then his Vietnamese army rooted' out and destroyed river pirates and private armies long believed unconquerable in their mountain and swamp fast- nesses. Having established his author- though his indifferent oratorical| - 4ie EXCELSIOR LIFE a Announce New Healing Substance... | Shrinks Piles, Checks Itch | Exclusive healing substance proven to shrink hemorrhoids... and repair damaged tissue. many months, This was accomplished with a new healing substance (Bio-Dyne) which quickly helps heal injured cells and stimulates growth of new tissue. Bio-Dyne is offered in oint- | ment and suppository form called Preparation H. In addition to actually shrink- ing hemorrhoids, Preparation H lubricates and makes elimination less painful. 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