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'She Oshawa Times Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario * T. &. Wilson, Publisher WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 3, 1962 -- PAGE 6 Conference To Discuss Financing Of Education Elementary and secondary school en- rolment in Canada has jumped almost 100 per cent to four million since the Second World War. The cost per pupil in the same period has doubled to $300 from $153.50, Per capita expenditure has more than doubled to $60 from $27 'and gross expenditure on education more than tripled. But the gross national product, or total cost of goods and ser- vices produced in Canada annually, has only doubled. And the cost of formal education and vocational training of Canadians, now estimated at $1,269 million, is expected to more than double, to $2,700 million, by 1970. These figures appear in a study paper, "Financing Education", prepared by W. J. McCordic, executive secretary of the Metropolitan Toronto School Board, for next March's Canadian Con- ference on Education. Provincial support of elementary and secondary education has been increasing, the there is still a substantial cost borne by municipalities through taxa- tion of real estate; provincial support across Canada averages about 45 per cent of total cost. Thus, Mr. McCordie points out, local support "has served education well", but there is a limit to the amount of money that can be raised through taxing real estate, and there is wide variation in assessment among municipalities. On increased provincial aid, he asks the. question: "Can. provincial govern- ments pay 50 cents or more for every dollar towards the cost of education and have nothing to say about how the money is spent?" There are also great differences in ability to pay among the provinces. This brings "Mr. McCordic to the conclusion that "the only way in which this inequality can be reduced is by the use of taxes which are raised on a national basis, but "although there would appear that there is an inclina- tion, now even a readiness, for some form of federal aid, it will be necessary to reconcile the manner in which the funds are distributed with our present com- mitment to provincial autonomy." There is also the consideration that a shifting of the tax burden does not lessen the total weight. Evaluation Of Shelters In a special report on the fallout shelter as a protective device, Dexter Masters, director of the U.S. non-profit organization Consumers Union, tells ' seaders of Consumer Reports that "meaningful evaluation is all but im- possible where variables and unknowns outweigh what's known as completely as they do with fallout shelters." Reviewing the considerations which lead to this conclusion, Mr. Masters pointed out that "fire could well be a likelier hazard of nuclear attack than fallout," and that; along with many other variables, even the time of year ot a bomb burst could mean the differ- ence between a safe and an unsafe shelter. With existing nuclear capabilities, he said, the only protective shelter to pro- vide certain safety would be "a total artificial environment created well under- ground," and, he added, "within a few years it might have to be further down." In a second article on shelters, Dr. Ralph Lapp, the nuclear scientist, criti- cized the "fallout-only" shelter plan for tesidents of crowded central cities as . "a political expedient," and said: "The sad fact is that there isn't much that ' can be done for the vulnerable central cores of our cities," However, Dr. Lapp went on to ex- | press his personal belief that, in the j fringe of a prime target area subjected , to a single 20-megaton surface detona- tion, a reasonable chance for survival could be had with an underground blast and fire-resistant shelter containing a built-in well or large water tank, oxygen supplies, and food for "at least two months." He estimated that such a shelter could be constructed for a family of four for about $3000 to $5000. In this report Mr. Masters took issue with the concept of a shelter as "imsurance." A shelter "is not a kind of insurance," he said, but "purely and simply a bet, exactly like a bet on horse race. The shelter owner gambles (like the track bettor) that a complex set of variables will so arrange them- selves that his shelter (or his horse') will come through. There is assuredly no sharing of the risk, and there isn't the shadow of an actuarial basis. The one with the most money can build the best shelter, and survival with a shelter comes high: the odds on a $5000 bet are un- questionably better than they are on a $500 bet, which is about all the advice Consumers Union can give in this gam- bling area." Mr. Masters said: "To be blunt about it, fallout shelters of the type widely proposed to date are so costly and com- plex in their requirements, so limited and unreliable in usefulness, and so generally dependent on variables and unknowns, that there is very little which an organization such as Consumers Union can do by way of evaluating them." He emphasized that he was dis- cussing shelters purely as protective devices and was not getting into the mortal, psychological and political as- pects of shelters. No Room For Characters A free society, as the Victorians un- : derstood freedom, needed characters like Sherlock Holmes to do what a govern- ' ment of limited powers and ingrown + habits could not do for itself, says Asher | Byrnes in the New Republic. In such a society officialdom sym- bolized by the bumbling Lestrade, could deal only with the obvious because it was incapable of taking thought. A |. bureaucrat was a man trying to behave , like a collective. : he Oshawa Simes T, L. WILSON, Publisher C. GWYN KINSEY, Editor bd The Oshawa Times Oshawa Times comb' {established 1871) and the Chronicle (established » (Sundays and sto' Assoc! Audit Burecu of Cireulation end, the Ontorio Provincial Dailies Asso- ciation. Press is ly entitled | to the use for republication of all news despatched in the poper ecredited to it or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and also the local news published therein. All rights of special despatches cre alse reserved. Offices: Thomson Bullding, 425 University Avenue, H Toronto, Ontario: 640 Cothcart Street, Montreal, P.Q SUBSCRIPTION RATES Deliverea by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry, Prince * Albert, Maple Grove, Hompton, F Boy, ' Liverpool, Taunton, Tyrone, Dunbarton, Enniskillen, ' , Leskard, Brougham, Burketon, C + Columbus, 1 Sone. Raglan. Blackstock, i not over 45¢ per week. By mail {in Province of Ontario) outside ' carriers' delivery areas '12.00 per year. Other Provinces + and Commonwecith Countries 15.00, U.S.A. end ' Foreign 24.00. ' Circulation for the issue "of November 30, 1961 18,006 Since then we have had a transform. ation. Interest in frontier problems of liberty and law is as wide as ever, but the individualists who once operated on that social borderline have been crowd- ed out--the collective has begun trying to behave like a man. Now when the sirens wail -on radio and TV, and this happens every night, civil service policemen of high intelli- gence as well as tested courage, in uni- form or plainclothes, jump out of screech- ing automobiles where ever injustice has been done, They proceed to avenge the dead or capture lesser criminals alive. They also comfort the bereaved, feed the hungry,' and find jobs for the unemployed. There is nothing left for a private operative like Holmes to do today ex- cept (and this is cold comfort for the few of his descendants who still practice the trade) to suffer beatings more brutal than 20th century audiences feel it is proper to impose on the men who work for police departments. In other key professions the individ- ualist has been demoted. Garret invent- ors have been replaced by teams of re- searchers housed in corporate structures: universities, government, industry, Byrnes argues. Inner directed businessmen are far less conspicuous today than the "person- alities" who front for syndicates of in- vestors; the odd ball in politics today has as much chance of surviving as a snowball in the Sahara. bern us DIFFERENT! REPORT FROM U.K. France, Britain Trade Electricity By M. McINTYRE HOOD Special London (Eng.) Correspondent For The Oshawa Times LONDON -- Housewives in the south of England and. in- dustries through that area are operating their appliances and factories with electric power generated in France. And at different hours of the day, over in France, power from English Stations is being used to light up cities and operate ma- chinery. And in both countries, fears of a shortage of electricity have vanished. This came about with the switching on, simul- taneously at Lydd in Kent and Echingen, near Boulogne on the other side of the channel, of a new electricity link-up between the two countries. In England, the opening switch was pulled by the minis- YOUR HEALTH Child Pacifier Use Questioned By JOSEPH G. MOLNER "Dear Dr. Moiner: Do you approve of pacifiers for in- fants? Does thumb-sucking or the use of a pacifier hinder development of Straight teeth--G.R.M." Yes and no. I can't say that I approve of pacifiers, but I can't get very upset when I see a paby '"'chawing'"' on one. When teething, a baby has the urge to bite on something, whether it's a rattle, a toy, a pacifier or a thumb. It as- suages the discomfort, if that isn't too strong a word. This is perfectly normal. There isn't anything for us to worry about, therefore, unless tne child manages to get hold of something that will be bad for him. That's up to us, of course. The act of chewing or biting or sucking (or whatever you want to call it) is natural. Thumb-sucking, or toy-chew- ing. may after a certain length of time, displace baby teeth svmewhat, sometimes, but this is of no great importance. If the habit persists beyond the age of six, displacement of the second teeth may occur, and this may lead to the need for complicated care later. Usually the habit is aban- doned by the child before that occurs. é Don't worry about whatever a baby chooses, so long as it isn't something that is not to be chewed and swallowed. Alt the same time, I can't see any good reason for providing a pacifier, and popping it into a baby's mouth whenever he opens it for a healthy yell. Let him chew--but why not let him decide when he wants to? Using a pacifier won't hurt some babies, but it won't really help any And it will be bad for a few babies because it will en- courage some parents to rely too strongly on an artificial method of "'pacifying'"' them. After all, why does anyone give a baby a pacifier? To maks him keep quiet when he wants to protest, or express his emo- tions, or exercise is lungs! When this happer® either (1) find out what he wants, or (2) cumfort him; or (3) let him yell. It's normal for a baby to holler once in a while. If he cries hard, he wants something. LIFE WITHOUT LARYNX 'Dear Dr. Molner: With reference to your item about the laryngectomee (one who has had the larynx re- moved) who was talking * and giving lessons in six or eight months, my brother had this same operation and his progress was so rapid that he was talking and giv- ing speech instruction at the Cancer Institute in three months. Thank you for your informative column.--B.S.38" y Thank you--and congratula- whiz to be teaching so soon. Many laryngectomees learn to talk very rapidly; some have to work harder at it. I don't want to give the idea that it's easy, but I DO want to repeat that anybody can do it if he or she tries. "Dear Dr. Molner: I am 17 and have been a dia- betic for one year. It seems that where I inject insulin, the tissues break down and leave an indentation. Can you give me advice?--M.M." It's called "insulin lipo-at- rophy." It means a loss of fat under the skin at the point of injections.. The cause is not known. It happens very rarely to men, more often to females and little boys. My suggestions: Don't use co'd insulin. The bottle in cur- rent use can be kept at room temperature without losing its strength. Try a more concen- trated insulin--if you are using U-46 now, use U-80. (Be sure to use an appropriately marked syLinge.) Scatter the shots mcie Possibly give them a littie deeper. Sathe two countries. ter of power, and in France by the minister of industry. This marked the operational start of a scheme which has cost some $14,500,000, shared equally by But it will mean savings for both countries. For instance, through this ex- change of power instead of building more generating plants, the Central Electricity Board hopes to save about $500,000 a year. DIFFERENT PEAKS This exchange of power be- came practical because of the difference in habits of the Britain Edging Closer To Decimal Currency s "By DOUG MARSHALL LONDON (CP)--When Dutch engineer Simon Stevin invented a simple notation for decimal fractions in 1586 he would only be a matter of time before decimal coinage, weights and measures were universally introduced. It has taken Britain $75 years jn to get the point, Selwyn Lloyd, chancellor of the exchequer, announced the government has decided in prin- ciple to switch to decimal cur- rency and expects to give the final go-ahead in 1962, predicted it cha: Meanwhile, a investigate the form of currency, the timing of troduction and the cae r-- ex 0 nap tan £200,000,000. Lloyd indicated the only that could now save gs, groats and sov- ereigns in oblivion would be en- countering an unexpectedly high cost for the switch. MOST IN FAVOR The plan to abandon Britain's 700 - year - old duodecimal Of Pollution By GERRY McNEIL .. MONTREAL (CP) -- After a lonely 20-year crusade by a few men, there is a. broad sudden awareness of the water pollu- tion problem in Quebec prov- ince. The Quebec water purification board, somewhat surprised, finds itself getting help from all sides in its effort to cleanse lakes and rivers. "Industries and municipalities have come to us in some cases," Dr. Gustave Prevost, the chair- man, says happily. 'About two- thirds of the population already have shown an interest in what we are doing." Among the original crusaders for pure water, Dr. Prevost can rattle off half a dozen reasons why pollution is a serious prob- lem, "Tt costs us millions a year in property devaluation, water treatment costs, health and other effects. It ruins beaches, kills animals and sometimes causes a bad odor in a whole area." Since summer, the board has helped about 60 municipalities make plans for sewage treat- ment plants. It has also inspec- recommended repairs or c¥anges in 164 septic tanks and cesspools. "In three years we hope to clear the water in the area be- tween Ste. Agathe, watershed French and British peopl France is to the east of Britain, and. the French are earlier risers in the morning than the English. They take longer over, lunch, thus creating a "trough" in electrical demand at midday, and they do not cause such a severe evening peak. The result of this is , that Britain needs more power when France has some to spare, and vice versa. The amount of power which each country can send to the other is 160,000 kilowatts, about the capacity.of a moderate-sized power station. The Central Electricity Genera- ting Board frequently has to build stations which operate only part time. The coming of a volume of 160,000 kilowatts through this cross-channel link saves the building of a station of that capacity, costing $24 million. PREVENTS SHORTAGE One great value of the link however, is that it will prevent power shortages in the south- eastern counties of England. Present generating capacity in Kent is strained to the limit with the demand increasing each winter, An official of the Elec- tricity Board says: "We only just scraped by during the last two winters. Without this reserve supply from France, the outlook after Christmas would have been very grim indeed." Over the whole of Britain, power generating stations can produce 27 million kilowatts. Against this, the supply of 160,- 000 kilowatts from France seems quite a small amount. But as it is concentrated in one south- eastern area, it is nevertheless valuable, But 600,000 more kilo- watts could be supplied from France if this first link operates paterson. as it seems likely 0 do. GALLUP POLL Ontario Most Critical Of Government's Record By The Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion What many people expect will be an election year opens with the public mood more likely to approve the federal Govern- ment's record to date than to express overall disapproval. If every Canadian with a vote could stand up and be counted the nation would divide broad- ly like this: Just over four in ten think the Conservative record, on the whole has been a good one. Just under three in ten, on the other hand, claim it has been poor. Another three in ten say they have no opinion either way. The west gives the Govern- ment its highest ratio of ap- National Quebec Ontario Wei Weed ccsscocsesidscesss ; proval, with 51 per cent of the men and women endorsing its program. Ontario is consider- ably less pleased with 36 per cent awarding the Government this kind of praise. Voters in Quebec are in between these two regions, while Maritimers line up fairly closely with Quebec citizens, _The Gallup Poll sent its inter- viewers to ask in homes across the nation carefully selected to provide a sample of the total population: Do you approve or disap- prove of the Federal Govern- -ment's record to date?" The columns below compare points of view in Quebec, On- tario, and the West with that of the national average. . No Approve Disapprove Opinion 43% 28% 29% 29 29 25 27 35 24 An earlier report by the Gallup Poll revealed that, apart from an over-all approval of the Government's record, there has been a sharp drop in public belief that the Conservative Govern- ment is doing a good job of keeping election promises over the past few years. In 1958, just prior to the Federal election which swept the Tories to power with a greatly increased number of Seats, 49 per cent said they were doing a good job of keeping such promises, per cent. Currently the proportion has World Copyright Reserved pes to 29 BY-GONE DAYS 25 YEARS AGO Lyman T. Gifford, reeve of East Whitby, was re-elected by acclamation for another term. Court of Revision confirmed the business assessment on Osh- awa bakers' properties. Roy F. Lick, who had served Whitby Township as reeve for two years, retired but retained a seat on the council. The elected officers of Cedar Lodge AF and AM No. 270 were installed at the Masonic Temple. The installing Master, Wor. Bro. H. L. Wallace installed his younger brother as Wor. Master of the Lodge for 1937. W. Ross Strike, Mayor of Bow- manville, was elected by ac- clamation to serve a fourth con- secutive term. John Dryden; youthful agri- culturist of Brooklin, was the guest speaker of the Oshawa Kiwanis Club. He gave an in- structive address dealing with the organization of junior farm- ers in Ontario. The administrator of the Board of Education reported that the Board would finish the 1936 year with a surplus of about $3,000. An adjustment in the teachers' salaries did much to make the surplus. The old city hall, a landmark of Oshawa for more than 70 years, was being demolished. The late George Pedlar's fam- ily occupied the house for many years until 1921, when it housed the corporation offices. In the shed at the rear Mr. Pedlar in- stalled his first press for sheet metal manufacture, the small beginning of the present Pedlar People Co. Robert S. Campbell, son of Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Campbell, Rose Hill avenue, was an- nounced the first 1937 Oshawa baby. Customs revenue in Oshawa for the month of December, 1936 was $335,278.48, an increase over the corresponding month of the previous year of $102,200.75. PARAGRAPHICAL WISDOM "Perhaps 98 per cent of the human body is replaced each year by growth of new cells," says a physician. However, and alas, the 2 per cent keeps us from feeling like a new person! The main difference between an educated person and an ignorant one is that the former knows things he can't under- stand. stances ovef which I have no Conwell ss." In the game of bowling, it is easy to develop _ sufficient thrust, but the difficulty lies in giving the ball inertial guid- ance, Women are inconsistent crea- tures. A woman will drag her husband to a party and as soon as he begins to have a good time, she'll hustle him home. Quebec Becomes Aware Dangers for the Montreal area, and St. Jerome." MANY WITHOUT SEWERS The 53-year-old biologist says the extent of the pollution is surprising even to those who have been interested in the problem for a long time. "Many small municipalities have no sewers -- the sewage runs in ditches that children play alongside. We didn't think there was this much pollution." Pollution was particularly dangerous in lakes where it creates algae that ruin beaches and boating. As a sideline the board plans to study radioactivity in Que- bec waterways. U.S. scientists have found that radioactivity in water is not dangerous but in fish and mollusks the concen- tration often is high. Even then, however, it isn't dangerous to human beings since the radioactivity eman- ates mainly from phosphorous. Dr. Prevost says contamina- tion comes from nuclear plants such as the one at Chalk River, Ont., as well as from fallout in nuclear tests. Chalk River is on the Ottawa River which flows ted 800 Laurentian cottages and ome the: Quebec-Ontario bor- ; cided there was no point in setting established tradition the sake of progréss and com- missions since then reached the same comfortable conclusion. i NOW CHANGED Now the position ts that country outside the as Commonwealth has sca decimal currency and most countries within the Common- wealth have either adopted decimals or are on the point of doing so. The main problem Britain faces is how the decimalization is going to work. Will there be a pound subdivided into 100 pen- nies or will the simpler reduc- tion toa 10-shilling unit with 10 pennies to each shilling be in- troduced? : The weight of opinion seems to come down in favor of the 10 shilling unit. This was adopted in the Republic of South Africa and recommended without hesitation by spew 4 committees in Australia a New Zealand. The Daily Mail says it really does not matter what system is adopted as long as "'the new coins will be handy, comely in design and worth the sacrifice of our time-hallowed £ s. d." One newspaper says Kinder- garten voices of the 1970s may be floating across the suburbs with: : "Sing a song of five cents, "Pocket full of dimes, "Join the Common Market "And keep up with the times, Young Eskimos Promote Community Enterprise By JACK VAN DUSEN OTTAWA (CP) -- Two young Eskimos have come south to display their art and help pro- mote business for their northern community co-operative enter- prise. Pauloosi Sivusk and Innukpak each $1 and each fathers of two young children, say they like "southern" Canada -- but they wouldn't want to live here. Pauloosi, secretary of the free enterprise co-operative, said Ot- tawa weather was too warm. He was uncomfortable in his hand-made, fur-trimmed parka. But the young Eskimo who learned English during more than two yers he spent in san- atoria said in an interview that he wants to send his four-year- old son, Davie, south to com- plete his education some day. He and Innukpak live at Pov- ungnituk, 12 miles inland from the northeast coast of Hudson Bay. TURN TO ART Until a few years ago the Pov- ungnituk population of 460 Eski- mos and a handful of whites de- pended solely on hunting and fishing as a means of livelihood, but now they have turned to art. Last year their Povungnituk Co -' Operative Society grossed $57,000 on carvings alone. The soapstone figurines were made by the natives. "This year we hope to gross $80,000," beamed Gordon Years- ley, 44-year-old Montreal - born artist who administers the Es- kimo co-op. Mr. Yearsley, whose wife and two children live at Midland, Ont., went to the Eskimo com- munity a year ago to teach the Eskimos print - making tech- niques, and stayed on to man- age the co-op. He hopes to build a home at Povungnituk for his family. He plans to double the income of the co-op with the introduction of Eskimo prints and hand- made parkas. The prints are similar to those now winning world fame for Eskimo artists at Cape Dor- set, WIN ACCLAIM The prints "are already ac- claimed:.on the market," said the lanky artist, who speaks Es- kimo fluently. "In six weeks we've sold $6,000 worth." Mr. Yearsley said the co-op was formed about two years ago and has overated without federal goverr ent help, al- though one of the reasons for the visit to Ottawa was to collect a $35,000 federal loan. He also met prospective cus- tomers for the prints, carvings and parkas. Mr. Yearsley and the two Eskimos wore the white, fox-trimmed parkas as they went about Ottawa, attracting much attention. The co-op will ask $50 each, wholesale, for the parkas that Pauloosi says an Eskimo woman takes three days to make. The bottom edges of the big slip-on coats are trimmed with prints made by the Eskimos. Cape Dorset Eskimos use sealskin and stone in the man- ufacture of their prints, but modern materials like special stencil boards, plastic and steel are being used by the Povungni- tuk artists. "The Eskimos are trying to beat their way into a new econ- omy," explained Mr. Yearsley, and he's convinced they need modern materials to speed the process. . READERS' VIEWS Assessor Gives Clarification Dear Sir: : In your issue of December 21 a mis-statement was made re- garding some remarks I had made concerning the Towns of Ajax and Whitby and the Town- ship of Pickering. This state- ment was to the effect that I had difficulty in obtaining ac- cess to the Assessor's records. This is erroneous and without substance as I said: "That any difficulty that I might have was caused by the fact that I could not obtain the Assessors' records unless I at- tended the office and abstract- ed the information there and from the records. By this meaning that the Assessor in these large municipalities had need of his records daily and to remove them for a_ brief time would create much' diffi- culty and hardship." Therefore, I would ask that you see fit to correct this situa- tion by issuing a statement that 1 have not had any difficulty in obtaining access to the As- sessor's records and that the sole purpose of the Commit- tee's recommendation was to larify a certain anibiguity re- boecting access to examine the documents without giving pow- er to remove them from the spective Assessment Offices. Thanking you very much, . Whitby G. D. HEPDITCH, County Assessor. Dear Sir: I have noticed that. in recent weeks the Prime Minister has been boasting that all but twelve of his election promises have been kept. Mr. Diefen- baker does not list the twelve. I feel that the full story of the most promising Prime Minister in Canada's history should not go unrecorded. I therefore de- cided, a week or two ago, to suspend work on the Mackenzie King Record long enough to make a record of the unkept Diefenbaker Promises. My list already exceeds seventy, but I fear it may be incomplete and I therefore venture to appeal, through your columns, to your readers to supply me_ with their recollections of any of the Prime Minister's unkept elec- tion promises either from 1957 or 1958. So that I may be sure the record is complete, I would be obliged if any reader who recalls any unkept promises would write to me, giving the references, é House of Commons, 3 Ottawa J. W. PICKERSGILL.