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She Oshawa Cimnes Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited 86 King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1961 -- PAGE 6 Value Of Cut In Hours Queried By Economist Persistent unemployment, lingering despite general recovery in most areas of the economy, is causing as much dis- cussion and argument in the United States as in Canada. One remedy pro- posed on both sides of the border is the cutting of hours of work of the regularly employed, the theory being that this would provide some work at least for the unemployed. An opposing view is taken by Prof. Clyde E. Dankert, Dart- mouth economist, in this month's Chal- lenge, a magazine devoted to economic affairs. In the short run, Dankert argues the amount of work to be done is limited and cutting hours can open up new jobs by substituting underemployment for un- employment. But this at best could have only a temporary effect, Dankert says, because the volume of unemployment ig not governed by the length of the work period. He continues: "Unemployment arises when there are discrepancies between the supply of labor and the demand for it. These dis- crepancies are caused by structural, seasonal, cyclical and other influences, And these influences take effect regard- less of the length of the work week... Despite the phenomenal reduction in the work week that has taken place over the past century and a half, the relative amount of unemployment has not diminished." Dankert writes that a case can be made for permanent reduction of-work- ing hours as the productivity of industry and real wages rise. But the attempt to deal with unemployment by cutting hours is "a confession of failure." "While we talk about reducing the work week in order to provide enough work for the populace, West Germany is importing workers from other coune tries and Soviet Russia is engaged in an effort to pull between five million and six million more women workers into full time jobs," Dankert says. He feels that production would suffer were the work week to be cut. A nation ought to be careful for cold war reasons about sacrificing production for leisure now, he says. Further if the United States is to approach a goal of an annual average increase of 5 per cent in real gross national product, it shall have to be satisfied with only a modest increase in leisure time. Dankert's remedy for technological unemployment is job retraining on a much broader scale, and by implication at least, a much higher rate of economic growth. Planets For Everyone Canadians and Americans not so long ago used to talk about their "limitless natural resources," but fortunately most of us have come to realize that the resources not only of North America but of the whole world are indeed quite limited. But now we hear talk about the limitless resources out in space. Certainly there would seem to be all sorts of resources out in space The noted astronomer Harold Shapley speculated only recently that there are billions of other worlds in space which probably nurture some kind of life. This abun- dance of material is a little out of reach, but numerically, every living person on earth could have a planet all to himself and then some. For the stoic, who believes in "making do" with what we've got, there is also inspiration in Shapley's statement that our universe is a runty one on the out- skirts of our galactic system, and that our sun is second class, if serviceable, writer John K. Sherman thinks. These facts tend to demonstrate that if you start out with handicaps you're apt to excel, which has -been Proven time and again by great talent emerging from overcompensation for a physical flaw. Our small world, an obscure denizen of the spangled heavens iil To Be The Panama Canal may be nearing the end of its days, which would mean, too, the end of a chronic diplomatic problem for the United States. The "canal question" could be self-liquidating. The inter-ocean channel is approaching the maximum limits of the traffic it can handle. Its proportions limit ship design and large aircraft carriers cannot cross it. Some time before 1980, says the New York Times, it will be out- moded and replaced by another link which will probably require a decade to construct, She Oshawa Times T. L, WILSON, Publisher C. GWYN KINSEY, Editor The Oshawo [imes combining The Oshawa Times (established 1871) and the Whitby Gazette and Chronicle (establisned 1863) is published doily (Sundoys end statutory holidays excepted) Members of Canadian Daily Newspoper Association, The Conodian Press, Audit Bureou of Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Asso- ciation. The Canodion Press is exclusively entitled to use for republication of all news despatched in the paper credited to it or to The Associated Press or Reuters, and also the local news published therein. All rights of special despetches cre also reserved. Offices: Thomson Bullding, 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario; 640 Cathcart Street. Montreal, P.Q. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Oeliverea by carriers in Oshawa, Whitby, Aljox, Pickering, Bowmanville, Brooklin, Port Perry Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hampton, Frenchman's Bay, Taunton, Tyrone, Ounbarton iskord, Brougham, Burketon, Claremont, Columbus, Greenwood, Kinsale, Raglan Blackstock, Menchester Pontypool and Newcastle, not over 45¢ per week, By mail {in Province of Ontorio) outside cortiers' delivery areas 12.00 per year, Other Provinces and Commonwealth Countries 15.00. USA. ond Foreign 24.00. Circulation for the issue 'of November 30, 1961 18,006 Publishers Enniskillen, * arrangements has somehow pulled itself up by its bootstraps, installed throughways, creat- ed homogenized peanut butter and in- vented credit cards. How long our "success" will last is anybody's guess, for the currently dominant animal life has not been here long and is still in the experimental stage The dinosaurs lived many times as long as we have, and didn't make it. Their mental capacity wasn't suffi- cient to cope with their environment. There's some reason: to believe that similar faculties in man aren't yet deve- loped enough to insure survival. Imagine the commotion Shapley's ideas would have kicked up in medieval times, when the earth was flat and humanity was a small and pious if murderous neighborhood at the center of the universe! Despite all its insecurities, its constant threats of plagues and: marauding soldiers slaughtering towns- folk on otherwise quiet afternoons, the world then was a cozy place. Everything then was "near," even God, who was just out of sight beyond the clouds Everything was known, and what was unknown was out of bounds and probably heretical. Speed was a galloping horse, dititude was a mountain, Ah, those good old days. Replaced The foreseeable pressure for change will be accelerated by President Ken- nedy's Latin-American Alliance for Progress. Already 80 per cent of Chilean, Peruvian and Ecuadorian trade passeg through the canal and the volume will grow. Furthermore, military experts con- sider the existing canal with its vulner- able locks and dams indefensible in the missile age. The sooner the U.S, opens a sea-level cut, the happier they will be. Consequently, U.S. technicians have begun studying the possibilities for a sea-level canal and are particularly in- terested in the sparsely populated east Panamanian province of Darien, or just across the border in Colombia. These could be excavated with relative ease, aided by controlled nuclear explosions, An army engineer is attending this month's series of underground atomic tests in the U.S. to study a possible connection with the new canal, If and when the narrows are sliced by nuclear blast, the U.S. political relationship with Panama will change -- even if the new cut is again made in that country, not Colombia. A lockless canal would require a few hundred employees instead of the pre- sent 14,000, thus minimizing arguments on living space and comparative wages. It would be less open to wartime damagé, thus reducing security forces, And it would be based on new treaty presumably specifying more modern sovereignty concepts, The Panamanians have been demand- ing a bigger slice of canal profits and more recognition of their sovereignty, a r 2 s bet a : . ZZ ZL LL 'THAT'S FOR OTHER PEOPLE, POPS' REPORT FROM U.K. Town Youngsters Called 'Brighter' By M. McINTYRE HOOD Special London (Eng.) Correspondent For The Oshawa Times LONDON -- A controversy is raging in English educational circles as to whether the chil- dren who live in towns and cities are brighter than those who live in the rural areas of the country. It all arose be- cause results of the 1l-plus ex- aminations reveal better aver- ages among town and city chil- dren than those attending coun- try schools. And this has brought the definite assertion from one educational authority that children who live in or near towns and cities have more chance of passing that vital examination, which de- termines their educational fu- ture, than those who live in the country. And it is pointed out that it is not the faylt of the schools or the teachers. The educational body which started this controversy was the Cambridgeshire Education Committee. In a report on this year's 11-plus examinations it was told that the children in the towns were just "brighter", and that they were subjected to less push' at home to get ahead with their studies. FIGURES QUOTED The figures placed before the committee seem to bear this out. The examination results QUEEN'S PARK Searching Report On Court System By DON O'HEARN TORONTO--There are more than 40,000 men and women in the Ontario civil service. Among them there are a num- ber of public servants of excep- tional ability. Some of these are well known to the public. Others aren't, at times be- cause their work doesn't bring them into the public eye, and others because their character inclines them to duck the lime- light. NOT FIGURED One of these not well known officials is Eric H. Silk, QC, as- sistant deputy attorney-general. Mr. Silk has long been one of the key men in our administra- tion of justice in the province. But -he has been principally engaged in the administrative jt end. He has not often been active in criminal matters, which bring counsel into court and therefore into the public eye. His main concern has been the drafting of legislation, organiza- tion of the courts and other less glamorous matters. FINE JOB Mr. Silk now has largely moved into his own, however. His study of our country court system and related matters has been made public, and it has received the Jarge amount of at- tention it deserves. 'n fact, for what is. essentially a technical report, it has drawn an extraordinary volume of news coverage and comment. LITIGATION EASIER Details of the report won't be discussed here. This is the general approach. Mr. Silk comments; more than once, that more should be done to make the courts and litiga- tion more easily accessible to the public. He has recommended FAMOUS ROCK EDINBURGH, Scotland (CP) A special committee has de- cided against building a Scot- tish national theatre in the great rock on which Edinburgh Castle stands. Experts said the costs of excavation would be too high. PROTEST SAHARA GAS LONDON (CP)--The National Union of Mineworkers has pro- tested against a reported gov- ernment plan to import one- tenth of Britain's natural gas requirements from the Sahara desert. some steps that in a minor way would lead towards this. But of course, there is not too much that he could do under his terms of reference. He does, however, plant a germ of thought which might lead to greater things. This would be an inquiry into present processes of litigation and ways an@ means of making them cheaper and simpler. Not a chance in the world? You can't buck the law society. Yes it woulda't appear so now. But there is no question but that justice in the form of re- course to the processes of law is becoming more and more in- accessible to the public. And when the need is there-- which it is--it seems that even- tually we get around to meeting this year in the county show that of the 1,081 pupils from the villages who took the ll- plus test, 203 were offered places in grammar schools -- the highest level -- or 18.8 per cent. In the cities and towns, 1,105 children took the examin- ation, and 279, or 25.3 per cent, passed with standing sufficient to qualify them for grammar schools. The committee began to make some inquiries into the reasons for this discrepancy. Some members believed the blame lay with the difficulties many country children have in getting to school, to the poorer standard of the school build- ings and the difficulties experi- enced in. securing . teaching staff to live in the villages. They were, however, pre- sented with a report made some time ago by a sub-com- mittee of the county's. educa- tional committee which said: "The discrepancy between the performance of city and rural children is due to real differences in the ability of the respective groups, as measured by the tests. It is probably not due to innate ability, but also to circumstances such as home conditions and incentives, which are not easily measured." ANOTHER REASON From another county, Wilt- shire, there has come a report with very much the same kind of findings as to results of the 1l-plus examination. Here also a survey was made by a committee in an endeavor to assess the reasons for the difference. And it came up with another and possible quite tenable answer. It said that over the years the towns and cities had ab- sorbed the more intelligent of the people from the villages, and that there was also a strong link between the child's ability and its home. surround- ings. It would be interesting to have a comparable study made of the results of school exam- inations in the towns and cities and the rural districts of the provinces of Canada, to find out if the same discrepancies exist there as have been found in England. INSIDE YOU Doctor Answers Readers Queries By BURTON H. FERN, MD Dear Doctor: To prevent leg cramps, I drink a half gallon of sea water each year. It contains natural ionized minerals. Mrs, L. A. Dear Mrs. A.: Those natural ionized minerals have been shown to cause more high blood pressure than kitchen-made sal- ty solutions. A haif gallon each year is a drop in the ocean -- but it's no low-salt diet! Dear Doctor: Since I wouldn't know whom to call if I get sick at night, I'm saving your col- umns to "follow" Mrs. S. B. J. Dear Mrs, J.: Thanks for the compliment, but you'd best fol- low your nose straight to the telephone and cail a local doctor. Why not contact his office today? Then he'll have a head- start. when that middle-of-the- naght emergency explodes. Dead newsprint can never re- place a live doctor! MYSTERIOUS SWELLING Dear Doctor: What would cause a small swelling to appear in the lower right side when lying down? Miss R. L. Dear Miss L.: Almost any- thing, from a bruise, innocent tumor or torn muscle fiber in the abdominal wali to cysts, tumors and smoldering infection in any abdominal organ Don't gaze at the lump; see your doctor instead. PAIN IN BACK Dear Doctor: Is there some- thing wrong when your lower back hurts after bendinv o-~er? Mrs. N. R. Dear Mrs. R.: Yes -- you're bending the wrong way! Instead of stooping cver, hend your knees and crouch down with your back straight way. you'll have more bounce and less strain! CRACKS IN LIPS Dear Doctor: My teenage son --husky, with a terrific appetite --has dry cracks in the corners of his mouth: Any ideas? Dear Mrs. G.: Lots! Chapped lips? Tooth cavities? Smoldering infection? Vitamin B deficiency--especially B-2 and Niacin -- from eating mainv sweets and_ starches? Giant, overstretched bites to soothe that husky appetite? And still others? . No matter which, camphorat- ed petrolatum helps until the cause is treated. OTTAWA REPORT 'Mobile' Defence Airborne At Last By PATRICK NICHOLSON Exercise Qui Vive Il, a joint training exercise by the Cana- dian Army and CARC, now is taking place in Quebec. Its pur- pose is to test the preparedness of the standby force which we maintain to assist in United Na- tions police actions, and to study its capability of immediate transportation by air. The interest of Qui: Vive II to you and me is that it will, pr bly, d trate that at last we are getting for our big defence dollar something which for year after post-war year our denartment of national defence failed to provide. That some- thing is adequate air movement capability. The kingpin of our national de- fence in all the years from Hir- oshima to Tocsin was the main- tenance of a military striking force at the ready, which could be flown to any part of Canada fo repel an invader. Strategic- ally, this never made sense. To- day, the concept is an anachron- but has the disadvantage that it can only be landed on full- length concrete runways. The Hercules is a conventional pra . peller-driven aircraft with piston engines, which can be landed j even on a temporary wire-mesh runway, and can also be used for dropping paratroops, of which it can carry 120. The 40- . seat North Stars and their more istic mockery in the view of top arm-chair strategists. But prac- tically it has not made sense either, because we just did not have the aircraft available to perform a simultaneous airlift of anything much larger than a corporal's guard. LARGE AIR FLEET Today however the Air Trans- port Command of the Royal Ca- nadian Air Force possesses, or is assembling, an air fleet ca- pable of carrying a sizable mili- tary police force over long dis- tances with round-the-world-in- two-days speed. For example, twelve Yukon aircraft, four Hercules aircraft, one squadron of eight North Star aircraft, ten Cosmopolitan aircraft, two Comets, and one C-5 antiquated VIP airliner now are available and at the ready, or shortly to be delivered to the RCAF. The Yukon is a long-range turbo-prop aircraft, capable of carrying 134 soldiers across the Atlantic. It is Canadian-made, GALLUP POLL Sharp Drop In Belief Election Pledges Kept By The Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion There has been e@ sharp drop in public belief that John Diefen- baker and the Conservative Party have done a good job in keeping election promises. Two years ago almost half the elec- torate, 49 per cent, described it as '"'Good", while only 8 per cent claimed the record was poor Today weight of opinion eciges into the critical with 29 per cent saying '"'Good", and $1 per cent "Pr Oor.": The Government's critics are higher, proportionately among labor groups where there is considerably larger segment feeling that election promises have not been kept than those who feel the record has been good. Among labor groups al- most 4 in 10 are critical as com- pared .to just under 3 in 10 in other major occupational areas. The question posed to a na- tional sample of the voting pub- lic for today's check vn pubiic reaction is the same one used Professional, owners and managers 32% Sales and white collar Skilled and unskilled labor Farmers by Gallup Poll early in 1958: "On the whole, would you say that John Diefenbaker and the conservative party are doing a good job or not a good job of keeping election promises?" The two columns show that almost four times as many men and women now claim the Gov- ernment's record has been a poor one, than felt so just prior to the last Federal election The Government's record of keeping election promises is: March 1958 Today Good 49% 29%, Fair 24 30 Poor 8 31 Undecided 19 10 interviewers 100% 100% Analysis of attitudes among the main occupations shows that among professional people, ex- ecutives and managers there is a close split with about 3 in 10 in each camp. Labor is very critical, Farmers are more likely to describe the record as "Fair" than others, Unde- Poor cided 28% 9% 27 14 37 10 28 6 Good Fair 31% 32 25 41 27 28 25 World Copyright Reserved luxuriously - appointed brother the 30-seat C-5 are obsolete by air-line standards. The medium- range Cosmopolitan is a more modern turbo-prop aircraft with 40 seats. The Comet, one of the early jet planes, is also of med- ium range and with 40-seat ca- pacity. Thus our RCAF could today airlift some 2,500 soldiers, equiv- alent to half a brigade group or about one-sixth of a division at war strength, under certain con- ditions of range and airfield availability. This is a great step forward from the situation when the transportation of our United Na- lions force to help keep the peace in the Middle East five years ago caused considerable problems of logistics. IS MONEY BEST SPENT? But that aerial Noah's Ark which is our Air Transport Com- mand, with about two speci- mens of each type, is a wan- tonly wasteful air fleet in terms of maintenance and use. Its size shows that the air force has been able to get a larger share of our substantial defence tax dollar in recent years, but its jumble as well as its size does raise the very pertinent ques- tion: Should Canada still strive to maintain a "'balanced" de- fence force consisting of army, navy, and air force, of gunners, tanks, aerial sharp-shooters and "P.B.I." plus many etceteras? Or would we better concentrate on a more substantial but less varied contribution to allied de- fence? Our brigade group in Eu- rope, for instance, costs as much as two full European di- visions, yet is only one-sixth the size. CARC? That's the Quebec name for RCAF, 'Corps Aerien Royal du Canada" say defence headquarters. PARAGRAPHICAL WISDOM In many.a case, the tough problem the professor has is trying to put a truckload of education on a _ wheelbarrow brain. "The average man is trying to run away from himself," gays a psychiatrist. Is that why he's running around in cir- cles? It's scarcely necessary for habitues of nightclubs to pro- vide ventilation -for their fall- out shelters, Even if you were correct in thinking the world owes you a living, it would be much easier for you to make your own way than to take on the tough job of collecting the debt. BY-GONE DAYS British Retreats Cause Groping Dissatisfaction 25 YEARS AGO Oshawa was deeply stirred by news of the abdication of King Edward VIII. Northminster United Church was reopened after being closed for several weeks for remodel- ling and redecoration. Toronto Horticultural Society awarded a Diploma of Merit to Col. R. S. McLaughlin in recog- nition of his new formal garden at Parkwood. Wor. Arthur J. Cook, District Deputy Grand Master of On- tario: District, paid his first of- ficial visit to Lebanon Lodge, AF and AM, at the Masonic Temple. The Oshawa Curling Club opened its 1936-37 season with Dr. J. F, Brock as the presi- dent. W. V. Peacock, contractor and builder, was appointed by the council as a member of the Court of Revision to take the seat made vacant by the resig: nation of Fred Flintoff. R. F. Lick, president of the Oshawa Milk Producers' Asso- ciation, was chairman at its annual banquet held in Centre Street United Church. Mayor John Stacey and Dr. McKay, MOH, delivered addresses. Dr. Karl Bernhardt, a profes- sor of Toronto University and well-known authority on child psychology, was the guest speaker at North Simcoe Home and School Association meet- ing. The president, Mrs. M. N. Gowdy, presided for the pro- gram, General Motors announced in- "auguration of a five-day week of nine hours a day. City Council decided to place before the ratepayers a bylaw to grant a fixed assessment to the English Electric Co., a pro- posed new industry for Osh- awa. Ernest Outwin of Whitby was presented with a Royal Hu- mane Society Lifesaving parch- ment by Mayor Albert W. Jack- son in recognition for a brave act in diving into Whitby Har- bor. and saving the life of a companion, Mary Street Home and School Association celebrated its 16th anniversary at the school in the form of a banquet and pro- gram with the president, Mrs. I. McLean, presiding for the occasion. LONDON (CP) -- '"'Ikes 'n' pines wevver, mites." The cheerful little Cockney railwayman shook. his dripping raincoat and sat down. Other traveliers on the Piccadilly Line train scarcely glanced up from' their newspapers. They would have had to agree that it was '"'aches and pains" weather, all right, mate. Leaden skies, sodden and soak- ing; a fine grey film on the windows; a pervasive, chilling dampness. : Typical British weather, an appropriate setting for the morning odor of bacon fat and strong tea that clings to subur- ban stations. Appropriate weather, too; for an old mother England that seems to be taking some hefty knocks these days. Perhaps the story of the British "malaise" has been advertised sufficiently these last months, but there still seems a muzziness, a mild groping dissatisfaction. NO TARGET "People just don't know where they are going or what is expected of them," says an Australian newspaper man who has spent the last decade in Fleet Street sombrely register- ing growing signs of British de- cadence, "Get inside the average Eng- lishman and you'll find a heart that is partially broken," says a teacher from suburban Isle- worth who has divided his life between Canada and Britain. "A bit of red on the map used to mean something,"' says an ex-squadron leader bitterly. "It doesn't any more." Such laments are common- place as Britain retreats from Asia and Africa to scratch on the door of Europe un- welcomed, belatedly and with her heart not really in it. So the country that abhors NEED MONEY ? Get a low cost Ist or 2nd Homeowners Mortgage Loan. BORROW $1800 OR MORE TAKE 5 YEARS TO REPAY NO BONUS NO HIDDEN COSTS Oshawa residents for a private No- cost interview call operator and ask for ZE 76540 (ro toll charges). Other area residents call Guelph TA 29062 collect. Barfried Enterprises TD. LTD. MEMBER ONTARIO MORTGAGE BROKERS' ASSOCIATION change, that takes perverse pride in mellowed idiosyncrasy, stifles its pride and braces it- self for Europeanization, Pounds, shillings and pence will give way to decimal coinage; kilometres may replace miles; people may have to learn to drive on the right instead of the left. FRENCH READY A visitor to Paris finds Frenchmen looking almost pity- ingly on the British guest for a new orientation in a world of changing trade patterns. A French furniture maker con- fided to a reporter that some of his colleagues have already "cased" the market and are stockpiling goods, waiting for the signal to flood British shops. A crotchety spirit predomi- nates. Teachers are in revolt against pitiably low salaries; ithe public schools aré under fire. Hardly a new hospital has been built since the Second World War and the vaunted Na- tional Health Service, ad- mittedly a boon to the mass of people, depends heavily on over- seas doctors. The Economist, a weekly magazine, surveys the troubles confronting the government and says: "Fit to survive? What matters is the future not of Tory ministers but of Britain." In what some call "the severed head of empire,'"' not only the dreary December weather puts a damper on the soul. In the new Europe, what price cricket, crumpets and af- ternoon tea? Walmsley & Magill OFFICE EQUIP. LTD. 9 KING ST. E. OSHAWA 725-3506