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She Oshawa Zines Published by Canadian Newspapers Limited King St. E., Oshawa, Ontario T. L. Wilson, Publisher FRIDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1961 --- PAGE 6 Graduated Income Tax Criticized By Expert Recent. months have seen a steady increase in the questioning of present methods of taxation, and in particular taxation of income in Canada. The criticisms will continue to pile up, be- cause it must be obvious that the tax system (if anything as haphazard can be called a system) is a major factor in restraining economic development and that its lack of coherence can only foster inadequacy and injustice. One of the more recent attacks was made by Dr. A. K. Eaton, former assis- tant deputy minister of finance, who described the system of progressively heavier taxation on personal incomes as "something of a fraud on the public." Tax rates now vary from 11 per cent up to 80 per cent. The government would get as much revenue and the public much fairer treatment, says Dr. Eaton, if a flat 16 per cent were levied on all taxable income. A private tax consultant since 1958, Dr. Eaton was an official of the Depart- ment of Finance for nearly a quarter of a century. But for all his years spent in helping to guide Canada's income tax system, he has long been critical of the progressive tax formula. "I have always thought the theoretical justification for a graduated income tax quite hollow and inadequate," he told a Montreal tax conference, "but in the past it did not behoove me to say so. For years I crin- ged at having to use the rather stuffy phrases commonly used in suggesting some wording for the tax section of budget speeches for successive finance ministers. Now I can say what I think and still eat." What Dr. Eaton thinks is that to raise tax rates sharply as earnings go up is a political device that excuses from taxation many people who benefit mest from government services and who could well afford to pay more for what they get. "In the light of the demons- trated ability to pay throughout all levels of income when it comes to ac- quiring cars, TV sets, radios, household equipment and to buy the volume of liquor, beer, tobacco, soft drinks, clothing and groceries consumed in Canada these days, it would not be realistic to underrate ability to pay taxes," he argued. He also believes it is a lopsided re- distribution of income that is achieved by graduated tax rates supposedly based on ability to pay: "If taxable income is $2,000 the tax is $250. If, however, tax- able income is three times as much the tax is more than four times; if taxable income is five times as much the tax is more than eight times; and if taxable income is 20 times as much the tax is more than 64 times." Fairer treatment, and "a pretty impressive annual redis- tribution of income," would result from a proportional tax system; a person with twice the taxable income of another would pay twice the tax, and the person with 10 times the income would pay 10 times as much. Dr. Eaton's argument could find a large and sympathetic audience because today nearly two-thirds of all Canadian earners have taxable incomes, after exemptions and deductions, in excess of $3.000 a year. So the graduated tax rates penalize not the few, but the many. Dilemma In S. Vietnam Britain and the Soviet Union have been named permanent custodians of the peace and neutrality of Laos. Next year, possibly, similar action will have to be taken to guard the peace and neutrality of South Vietnam, where there exists a deteriorating political situation. In South Vietnam the United States finds itself once again supporting a so- called strong-man, President Ngo Dinh Diem, whose rule is dictatorial and cor- tupt. Despite the money poured into the little country by the United States, Communist guerrillas are more active than ever, Diem's promise of democracy has proved to be a cynical lie, political opposition has been ruthlessly handled, Diem's closest relatives act like a royal family, little has been done to improve the pitiful lot of the average citizen, and there have been gross waste and cor- ruption. in the administration of the country. The United States is obviously fed up with Diem... President Kennedy has publicly stated that steps taken by Diem for political reform "have not been sufficient" to meet the threats to his government. In the face of increased Communist pressure, Diem continues to refuse to make the reforms that would, in Mr. Kennedy's words, "increase the sense of commitment by the people of Vietnam to the struggle" against the Communists. Diem barely survived a revolt a year ago, and conditions have grown worse. Diem's answer to U.S. criticism has been given in the controlled press, His papers complain about "capitalist, im- perialist policy of exploiting and seek- ing gains" for the benefit of the United States. They charge interference in Vietnam's. internal affairs. They say that "conditions" cannot acceptably be at- tached to U.S. aid. Communist China has been distributing these charges over Southeast Asia as proof of U.S. perfidy. The question is: How long can the US. continue major help to South Viet- nam unless Diem changes his ways? Withcut U.S. aid, Diem -- and probably Vietnam itself -- could not long survive. Fireworks At Christmas Who ever thought of fireworks for Christmas? Nobody plans them, of course, but last Christmas season 35 Ontario families staged grim fireworks displays, resulting in death to five people (four of them children), and about $50,000 property damage. The materials burned were their own houses, and kind- ling was usually a Christmas tree or a She Oshawa Cines T. L. WILSON, Publisher C. GWYN KINSEY, Editor The Oshowa Times combining The Oshowo Times {established 1871) and the Whitby Gozette and Chronicle (estoblisned 1863) is published doily (Sundeys and statutory holidays excepted) Members ot Canadian Daily Newspoper Publishers Association, The Canadion Press, Audit Bureou of Circulation and the Ontario Provincial Dailies Asso- ciation, The Cenodian Press ts exclusively entitied to the use for republication of all news despatched in the paper credited to it or to The Associoted Press or Reuters, and also the tocol news published therein. All rights of special despotches cre also reserved. Offices: Thomson Building, 425 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario: 640 Cathcort Street. Montreol, P.Q. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Delivered by carriers in Oshawa. Whitby. Ajax, Pickering, Bowmanville, Grooklin, Port Perry Prince Albert, Maple Grove, Hompton, Frenchman's Boy, Liverpool, Tounton, Tyrone, Dunbarton = Enniskillen, Orono, Leskard, Broughom, Burketon. Claremont, Columbus, Greenwood Kinsale, Raglen Blockstock, Manchester: Pontypool end Newcestle not over '45¢ per week. By mail {in Province of Ontario) outside carriers' delivery areas 12.00 per year. Other Provinces and Commonwealth Countries 1500. USA end Foreign 24.00. Circulation for the issue of November 30, 1961 18,006 pile of gift wrapping, ignited by a candle, the wrong-sized fuse or poorly made tree lights. The Ontario Safety League suggests such fires form no part of the Christmas spirit, and can be headed off by a little careful planning starting now. When you're buying a tree, pick a green one that hasn't dried out. When you get it home, make a fresh cut on the trunk about an inch above the bot- tom, and stand the tree in water until you set it up. Then use a tree stand that holds water, and replenish the stand twice a day. Place the tree well away from any source of heat or candles. Make sure the lights you use are marked approved by CSA (Canadian Standards Association) and if you de- corate the outside of your house, use lights specially insulated for outdoor use. Always check last year's lights to see that cords aren't frayed. For "snow" on the tree, use the'glass wool or asbestos kind instead of cotton. If you've overloaded an electrical. circuit with all the additional lights used, you'll soon know about it when the fuse blows. Over 90% of homes require only 15-amp fuses, and using a larger size is dangerous. The fuse is your safety valve, and when it blows, it's telling you to redistribute the electical load, so heed its warning. Using larger fuses, pennies and tinfoil are suicidal practices guarage teed 'to start an electrical fire. INSIDE YOU True And False Of Strep Throat By BURTON H. FERN, MD 1, SORE THROATS are usual- ly strep throats. T--F-- -2 With one glance, your doc- tor can pick up a strep throat, 3. Strep throats cause scarlet fever. T 4. Penicillin is the ideal theat- ment. T -- F -- 5. Strep throats cause heart trouble, arthritis and kidney trouble. T -- F -- 1. False. Colds, irritating smoke and smog, and dry, heat- ed air all leave your throat feeling like rough sandpaper. Still, streptococcus ("strep") in- fection accounts for many sore throats. And while strep throats are less common, they're more serious. 2. False. Many virus infec- tions mimic the fiery infiamma- tion and creamy crusting of strep. infection. Mild strep throats are often passed off as minor throat irritation, when the victim feels neither feverish nor pooped. TEST TELLS If a cotton applicator -- dab- bed against throat lining -- car- ries strep germs into labora- tory test tubes, you have a strep throat. -- 3. True. Certain strep germs manufacture a poison that roughens and reddens_ skin. Generally, one bout of scarlet fever leaves you immune to this poison. But when you're vulnerable, poison - producing strep germs will trigger scar- let fever. 4. True. While other miracle drugs fight strep infec- tion, penicillin kills the germs. To insure against a smoldering infection, you need 10 days of treatment or a long-acting in- jection. Lozenges and gargle kill only surface infection. They can't reach strep germs deep inside the throat wall. Still, gargling with warm water containing 14 teaspoon of salt or two crushed aspirins per glass soothes irri- tated, inflamed membrane. CAN BE PREVENTED 5. True. If you've inherited the tendency, certain strep in- fections can trigger rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, ne- phritis (kidney trouble) or simi- lar ailments You can't change your inheritance. But you can prevent strep infections. You don't need penicillin for every sore throat -- just those that show strep germs. in the lab. QUEEN'S PARK Robarts Making Good Impression By DON O'HEARN TORONTO--You 'grow to like this man. You have seen him perhaps at the Grey Cup game in his soft felt hat. No homburgs. Or perhaps a picture of him speaking in the House or to a meeting outside. He is dignified but he is rela- tively unassuming. He is young. But it strikes you as 2 mature youthfulness . particularly with an absence of any brash- ness. GOOD START Hon. John Robarts has been premier of Ontario only a very short time. He has not had to carry its problems for the long years of long hours that are the ultimate test of a leader. He is barely across the start- ing line. But at least you like the way he has got off the mark. BEHIND MASK Perhaps you have te see him unofficially to get the real im- pact of this. His public presence must, as with all men, be necessarily quite a bit of a mask. You can really only get to know a man as a man, and a person, behind the scenes. Since he took on the premier- ship the demands on Mr. Rob- arts, of course, are very much heavier than they were before. Yet those of us who are be- hind the scenes probably know him much better now than we did then. One reason is that we see how he is handling this burden. Another is that we actually see him more--at least while the House is in session STILL MODEST Before, he was an unassum- ing man. He still is. When he talks to you it is on the level. He is not one to waste words. But if you know what he is talk- ing about--and if you talk to him as a newspaper man you should--he doesn't need many words. He can express himself clearly and concisely. Beneath his official front he is very human. His problems are tremendous. And one of the heaviest is the fact that as yet he hasn't had time to face most of them. He has had all he can do to handle the immediate demands that have come up from day to day. BY-GONE DAYS 35 YEARS AGO Snow a foot deep blocked traffic on the city streets in a severe weckend blizzard. H. P. Schell was re-elected president of the Children's Aid Society of Ontario County at its annual meeting. General Motors of Canada inaugurated a group insurance plan at its plant in Oshawa. A. E. O'Neill, principal of Oshawa Collegiate Institute, of- ficiated as chairman at the commencement exercises. John and Archie Hare were present- ed with the Carter Scholar- ships and Hilda Winnell and Evelyn Pearce were awarded the I'. W. Cowan Scholarships. Firefighters battled a serious fire at the Central Garage, 11 King street west. Almost 1000 people visited the Oshawa Public Library on Saturday between the hours of nine and nine p.m. At a meeting of the Oshawa Ministerial Association, pre- sided over by Rev. R. A. What- tam, it was decided to co- operate with the Rotary Club in providing Christmas Cheer for the holiday season. The Women's Guild of St. George's Anglican Church held a most successful annual ba- zaar when the proceeds amount- ed to $1000. W. E. N. Sinclair, KC, Liberal candidate for South Ontario Riding in the Provincial elec- tions, was returned to office with a majority of 2313 votes over the Conservative candi- date, John Stacey, but the Cone servative party under G, Howe ard Ferguson, swept into power in Ontario. Oshawa Lodge No. 47, Knights of Pythias, elected the follow- ing officers for the ensuing year: H. B. McCabe, Frank McLaughlin, A. J. Skinsley, H. J. Ogden, F. O. Kirby, Gordon James, W. J. Gibson, Peter Gow, Wilfred Ayres, C. A, Laube and R. Northey. GALLUP POLL Belief Grows That U.S. Controls Air By The Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion Canadian belief that our air defence is becoming more and more dependent on the U.S. has increased sharply over the past two years. In January, 1959, when the Gallup Poll first check- ed on whether the average man thought this was happening, 50 "per cent said it was a fact.-To- day 67 per cent believe it, Moxe- over the spread between those who say it is true, and those who deny it, is increasing. In the previous study the ratio was two to one; today it is more than three to one. Interviewers asked: "Some people say that Can- ada is becoming more and more dependent on the U.S. for our air defence. Do you, or do you not think this is happening?" A comparison with opinion on the question in 1959 and today shows that a great many men Defences and women who were undecided earlier have made up their minds -- all of them moving in- to the very large segment which accepts the fact as a reality: Is Our Air Defence Becoming More Dependent on U §.? 1959 Today 50% 67% 24 19 26 4 100% 100%, Older Canadians are much less inclined to think Canadian air defence is controlled by the U.S. than those in the younger age groups. As the fol'owing analysis shows, men and women in their thirties and forties are most convinced; those in their twenties not as much; those who are fifty and over least con- vinced of all. But even among these older citizens there is a majority belief that the growing dependence exists. Yes No Undecided Is Our Air Defence Becoming More Dependent on the U.S.A.? Sh * BO PORTE ois cikciccsciccs 30 - 39 years . 40 - 49 years . 50 and over Yes No Undecided 17% 19% 15 12 20 8 26 18 Columns add to 100% across. World Copyright. Reserved OTTAWA REPORT Wily Ambassador Uses Good Humor By PATRICK NICHOLSON OTTAWA--Russia has ended its atom-rattling. Is this a genu- ine and lasting change, or a temporary deceptive, lowering of the heat? Russia, for whatever reason, now is officially waving the olive branch. This was asserted at the recent 22nd Congress of the Communist party of the So- viet Union, and it was reiter- ated here last week at an un- usual press conference held by the Soviet ambassador. Dr. Amasasp Aroutunian was at his affable best as he ad- dressed some 50 journalists ga- thered in the 150-seat private theatre in his country's rebuilt embassy here. He has been in Ottawa nearly three years, and incidentally is rumored to be about to be replaced. But he can take back to Moscow with him the reputation of being the man who has worked the hard- est at befriending Canada. The recent Soviet Congress de- elared that nowadays its policy is undeviatingly and consistently to seek peaceful coexistence with states of different social and political systems, the am- bassador said. 'This is the only way to save mankind from a devastating nuclear war. We have a 20-year plan to build a Communist utopia in Russia, but we have no program to re- habilitate cities after a nuclear war." WOULD BEFRIEND CANADA Dr. Aroutunian stressed his country's wish for friendlier re- lations with Canada; for an ex- panded two-way trade with us; and for a large program of ex- change visits by students and others, "My country wishes to re- REPORT FROM U.K. Helicopter Travel Campaign Planned By M. McINTYRE HOOD Special London (Eng.) Correspondent For The Oshawa Times LONDON -- A proposal to set up a network of helicopter landing sites throughout the British Isles is now reaching the action stage. This is a scheme to set up over 500 such land- ing sites to link up the major towns and cities of the United Kingdom. Planning permission is now being sought from local authorities for these sites. The applications for the 500 landing sites for helicopters are still being made by one man. He is Lt.-Commander William Boaks. He had just completed a survey, which has taken seven years, to locate suitable landing sites in all parts of the country. TO HOLD EXHIBITIONS Lieut. - Commander Boaks is also going ahead with a project to make the public, particular- ly in London, aware of the possibilities of helicopter travel. He is trying to arrange inter- national helicopter exhibitions to be held at Crystal Palace and Alexandra Park on July 1 of next year. : A public inquiry is to be held at Wood Green into his applica- tion for permission to hold the exhibition and to set up the heliport sites. - Among the other cities in which Lieut. - Commander Boaks is seeking permission to establish sites are Manchester, Leeds, York, Liverpool, Ply- mouth, Southampton and Bris- tol. In his applications, he has emphasized that the land should be leased free of charge. He also gives an undertaking that the sites will be used only for picking up and landing pas- sengers. Explaining his scheme, he said: ' "I don't want heliports with buildings and pumps all over the place. I only want the sites to be used as the equivalent of bus stops by the operators of the aircraft. This would mean less noise for people residing near the sites, and at the same time, it would provide cheaper travel." ECONOMICAL OPERATION Lieut.-Commander Boaks has done a considerable amount of figuring on the economics of a helicopter bus service. If his scheme is given the support of the local authorities, he figures that passengers could be flown at one shilling or about 15 cents a mile. Without landing charges to pay, and without the necessity of staffs to man the sites, the helicopter opera- tors, he feels, would eventually be able to carry passengers at sixpence (seven and a_ half cents) a mile. He said: "I have taken these steps in an effort to bring down the cost of travel. In my opinion, Britain is well behind the rest of the world in helicopter travel, which is safe and inexpensive. "Helicopter pilots would be like taxi-drivers, and would. be able to pick up passengers and set them down at the stops near- est their destination at the heli- copter bus stops." At present, there is only one authorized heliport in Britain. on the River Th at nounce war as a means of set- tling international disputes," he said. "'Our aim is to bring about the dismantling not only of NATO but of all military al- liances, such as NATO and the j Warsaw Pact (which links the Communist nations and satel- lites of eastern Europe), as well as the stockpiles of atomic : bombs, armies, general staffs . and even military academies." After reading his prepared text, the ambassador invited questions fram his audience. These he handled adroitly with his quick mind and high humor, speaking English fluently with few faults. : What was his reaction, he was asked, to Prime Minister Dief- enbaker's recent charge that the ' Kremlin was two-faced, in cas- tigating the colonialism of "'western imperialists" whilst it- self enslaving nations in an un- precedently brutal way? "Such speeches make me amusing," smiled Dr. Aroutun- ian. "I cannot argue with the prime minister of the country where I am accredited. But it is a very strange situation when an 'oppressed' nation can send me, an Armenian, as the am- bassador of its oppressor, while another 'oppressed' nation, the Ukraine, can send the military attache of the Soviet Union here." The Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic, it-should be ex- plained, is only one of 16 repub- lics making up the Union of So- viet Socialist Republics; others include Armenia and the Ukraine. "Georgia," he continued, "did . not have an alphabet before the October Revolution. Today it is a Soviet Republic and it has an opera, a ballet and a symphony orchestra. Not all capitals I know have these things," he added, in a sly dig at Ottawa. WE WILL BURY YOU "Is communist China as dedi- cated to peace as the Soviet Union?" he was asked. "You have to ask the Chinese ambas- sador that question," he replied in another sly dig, since the am- bassador from the China which Canada officially recognizes comes from Formosa, not from the mainland Communist China. "Why did Russia set off all those nuclear test bombs if it is so dedicated to peace?"' was an- other question. "We have to strengthen our defences, be- cause you are putting Bomarcs in North Bay," was his smiling but irrelevant answer. In such humor, often scathing of Canada, the ambassador good - naturedly ridiculed the suggestion that his country is warlike. But at no point did he deny his leader's threat "We wil bury you". Nor did he re- move the threat that a cold war, waged on the trade and ideolo- gical fronts, can be just as deadly as a nuclear war. Seme doubts which remain will be examined in this column tomorrow. sea, and it is admittedly oner- ating as an experiment to find out if further heliports would serve a useful purpose. UNTAPPED SOURCE TRURO, N.S. (CP)--Canada has a valuable but untapped source of soil fertilizer in its municipal sewage systems, Frank Scammell, Nova Scotia co-operatives inspector, told a service club here. "Millions of dollars worth of valuable ferti- lizer are being lost through out present means of disposal,'"' he said. NEED MONEY ? Get a low cost Ist or 2nd Homeowners Mortgage Loan. BORROW $1800 OR MORE TAKE 5 YEARS TO REPAY NO BONUS NO HIDDEN COSTS Oshowea residents for a private No- cost interview call operator and ask for ZE 76340 (ro toll charges). Other area residents call Guelph TA 29062 collect. Barfried Enterprises LTD. 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