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q ROE a sf he could not claim to possess. = ing premier during Sir Robert's ab- Px Fags > @bandoning politica © him -the obvious successor to # FE eae ea ee eee eee bal soll P Pie 6 THE GREAT. ate BP. phish eri eres HOME. SHINE aoe -. . ae | ists, will der no circumstances con- tinue in.o come parliamentary librarian. - Mr. ighen can keep or discard just as many of his old cabinet as he chooses} but in any event he is bound»to bring’ in some-new ministers. _ These have}: to go to their constituencies for re-el-}' ection as soon as they accept office and if the by-elections of the past- year are any guide they will find the electorate! > |CANADA’S‘N A Minority Choice and Not Particularty Wanted - (By J, A. Stevenson in Ford’s Weekly) EW PREMIER passing of another Dominion: 3 Day, suy 1, saw the beginning ofa * political erisis at Ottawa which has ; pevrioed Canada with a c Sir Robert Borden had en- . lovet “the distinction -of .being the only man who remained premier of a_belligerént country from the start ' tothe finish of the war. But the « ~strain of these trying years told upon oo’ his and at the conclusion of the Peace Conference he found him- ~ self in a sense, one/of the casualties - of the conflict. In the autumn of .» 1919 he had a bad break-down and decided. on the pressing advice of his ‘physicians, to retire from political life. But his colleagues and party were unable to agree upon a successor and at their urgent request he agreed to suspend his resignation, remain as titular premier and take a com- plete rest from active work. After a voyage to the West Indies) and England with Lord Jellicoe and} a prolonged holiday at various south-,| ern resorts, he returned to Ottawa in) ._.. May and resumed his duties. But he ” goon discovered that the restoration ‘of his health was more apparent than real and that his physical strength was quite inadequate to the duties of the premiership. So, when Parlia- ment ended July 1, a full meeting of the.members of the House of Com- mons*and Senate, who still adhered to the Coalition formed in 1917, was| led and Sir Robert, after ‘healthy = asked them te acqopt his resigna ~ in -sutiterms « é an ry tempt to urge his vetantind of office. Sir Robert Borden, who is now in! his sixty-seventh year, entered Parlia-| ment in 1896 and was elected leader, of the Conservative party in 1900.! After suffering two defeats at general ; elections he was returned to power} in 1911 om the issue of the Recipro-| city Treaty and has held the pine | ship ever since. A lawyer by profes-! sion, he has shown himself essential-| ly conservative in domestic matters. and decidedly liberal in foreign af-; fairs, His internal statesmanship was | often feeble and has been marked by/| no great constructive measures but he-has rendered consistently good ser- vice to his country in the realm of international affairs. He has secured a@ great advance in her national status and at London and Paris played no small part in the wider politics of the British Commonwealth. On more than one occasion he resisted ill-timed en- croachments of the British Imperial- ists. He gave Canada cautious guid- ance during the war years and per- haps his special qualities of patience and industry were more useful for the times than meteoric genius which He will never hape the same place ip Canadian history as Sir John Mac- donald or Sir Wilfrid Laurier, but he leaves office in good standiny with the mass of his fellow countrymen and if his health recovers may have some useful years of public work in an- other sphere. A year ago his obvious successor! would have been Sir Thomas White ».who had served as Finance Minister) “since 1911 and-often deputized. as att- - wsences in Europe. But he resigned from the cabinet at the end:of July. 1919, and announced his intention of default of Robert was the Honorable arthur ’ Meighen, Minister of the - Interior. But the government party is a Coll- tion composed of Co onservyatives and Liberals who supported conscription} apd Mr. Meighen, who had been a bit-; ter Conservative pertisan prior to, - 1917, was not-persona grata to many ot his colleagues. ‘The-caucus at their ~omneeting was unable to agree upon a » puctesgzgor. anti they were also unwiil- img to leave the choice to the: cabinet. © $0 a eurious method of selection was » devised; Each member of Parliament a frank statement about his arate ous ‘obstacle to. Mr. Meighen; ae -eener ‘was asked to write a confidential let- ter to Sir Robert Borden giving his views upon the leadership and naming alternate choices. Under the British constitutional system the governor- general of Canada has the right of se- lecting the prime minister but he al- ‘ways asks the retifing premier ~ to nominate his successor. Sir Robert agreed to be guided in his recommen- ‘dation by the contents of the letters sent to him, though not necessarily} by the majority opinion therein,.: It! is understood that a prepondering majority of the votes were cast for Mr. Meighen, since it was understood that Sir Thomas White was not a can- didate. However most of the cabinet expressed a preference for Sir Thomas and it was decided to try him back to-public life. The secre- ~ of the governor-general was sent to bring him from the wilds of Mus- koka where he was hoHdaying and re- ceive the offer of the premiership but before boarding the train at Toronto he issued a statement to the effect that reasons of health and the state of his private affairs (he had found himself in the same plight as Mr. Mc- Adoo) made impossible any reconsid-| eration of his decision to abjure poli- tics and office and that he was only prdceeding to Ottawa tetend his coun- sel. He thus-achiaved the record_of being the first man to refuse ths prémiership of Canada. > With his elimination there was no oe George Foster was much too old cna r H. Drayton lacked the necessary exerianes. So on July 7, Sir-Robert Borden announced that his resigna- tion would take effect on July 10 and he would recommend Mr. Meighen as His successor. His selection consti- tutes another record, for he is the youngest premier that Canada has ever known, being tn , his forty-fifth year. He was born of Scot-Irish Protes- tant stock in 1876 at St. Mary’s, in the County of Perth in Western On- tario, the son of Joseph and Mary Meighen and like most eminent men on this continent was raised on a farm. He received gis education at the local school, at St. Mary’s Col- legiate Institute and Toronto Uuiver- sity where he graduated as B.A. in 1896. Fora few years he followed the profession of teaching school, but only as a stepping-stone to the law. Taking Horace Greeley’s advice, he went West at the beginning of the century and after serving his appren- ticeship in a Winnipeg law office was admitted to the bar off Manitoba in 1908. Hesettled down to practice in the little town of Portage La Prairie, the centre of the old established set- tlement 60 milew#west of Winnipeg. He married in 1904 and is now the happy father of two sons and a daugh- ter. efore he had time to build up a large pr: ce politics claimed him and eel im ever since. In 1908 he wes nominated as Conserva- j*tive candidate for the riding of Por- tage La Prairle and was elected after a bitter fight. His party was then fighting a hard battle in opposition and was in serious need of able re- cruits, so that a man of his ability was gladly welcomed. \He soon made his mark as a speaker and-showed fre- quent signs of independence in advo- r| cating causes which his party chief- tains frowned upon. He was re-elect-} -ed.in 1911 when his party came into office and continued to gain in parlia- mentary stature. In 1913 he was ap- pointed solicitor-general without a seat in the cabinet but this promotion came to him two years later when he was made a privy councilor, By this time Sir Robert Borden had fouad him an invaluable adjunt and threw upon him 4 large burden of work in the shape of the piloting of eee ee | necessary to further the country’s war effort. He also proved himself the most able apologist for the performan- ces of the government to Parliament and the country and his services were éontinually néeded: . He gainéd a var- ied experience as soli Tweens! and : ne~ of the So Ww. : sWa.fought mie lost™m most, spent ually ever since and he has . ly responsible for the scheme of sol- dier settlement now in operation. fie was Slso intrusted with the. negotia- tions and Jageeasti which led to the and bring pu any “3 That is till. the millenium in a ‘singular truculent mood. “Dur- ing that perfod the government has lest to opposition... parties five seats out ‘of seven ich they fought and some recent incidents haye not im-} proved their position. Ifthe new ministers are defeated, a genergl el- ection will be inevitablé and’ Mr. Meighen may find himself leader oft the Opposition instead of premier , for for it is hard to see how he can secure}; a majority. In taking office as the head of an prem government he assumes “a ifficult task but he hag never lacked psp te and is a tireless worker. He. is a student and a man of retiring disposition, hating social functions} and advertisement. -His.meéntality is distinctively Conservative and he has little belief in the practice. of .demo-} cracy in government. There is in him a strong strain of Bismarckian} politics; he would go far on the-path} of coleetivism, having, strongly. ad- vocated the national railway system, but he Would also go to great lengths “Gf repression and his at- titude during the great ‘Winnipeg} strike of 1919 has earned him the hostility of Labor. the powerful financial interésts of Montreal, one of whose leading-*fig-| gerous Socialist.” So it is a conser- vative of the nermal type who has become premier of Canada. He isa clear and fomeful speaker but pop- ular audiences sometimes find hid style too academic. -In Parliament however, he is most effective and has few equals in the Anglo-Saxon world as a political advocate. Attimes he has a very bitter tongue and if he is} to keep harmony in his party and not } BE ould do- (rea sii: which miany great men have helt: At.the same caucus where Str Robert Borden resigned, the Coalition | decided to pass out.of existance but most of the.elements composing it dt once resolved themselves into a ne organization which will bear.the so and Conservative” party. The flo of the Coalition-Liberals had already seceded to the Liberal -and Parmpr parties since the end of the war and others are declining to join the new party. So its majority in the House of Commons will not exceed twenty, and four-fifths of its strength willbe Conservatives. It was also provided on the date of its birth with a ready- made platform which is understood to be a political legacy of. Sfr Robert! en. ciliating divergent interests, it coutd not.avoid being colorles8’ and vague and is only definite and purposefal on one point, to wit, thé necessity maintaining the existing protectionist} system which the organized farmers are attacking. It endorses the League: of Nations and the British coeneteanl subject to the maintenance of Can- ada’s full rights of self-government. It also advocates the perpetuation ‘the national system of railways. one control. z variety of other reforms but if is ob- served that they are mostly hedged in with cautious reservations. In the eyes of the party managers the plat- form has probably the same merit as the new party title that it can be available for — interpretations; in different localiti For the next neers wéeks the tav- orite-diversion at Ottawa will be cab- miniature general election which will ment’s holding on tothe office till the end of its term in 1922. Till then ‘the situation cannot be considered’ 4s clarified and political unrest will not abate till ‘the ‘tountry has the oppor- tinity of choosing a new Parliament. Canada has been provided in one single week with a new. premier, a new party, and a new political plat- form and a new House of Commons : ollary. . ens: * Be Proad Of. Those ho are so ‘fond: “of crying oon’ the old Country should inwardly @ seventeen words from a recent | Reed Lord Fister, C) ae out.of the war 2 dot mom, and got least. “Bas something t owell; tne vi ae : 1-Coalition-|, « ee-and Mr.Martin Burrell;> _| the secretary of state, is retiring tobe.) should. be united with those which have queens, particularly with weak |) pay to attempt to winter any but the "placed in the cellar at freezing up time in November, selecting for th in using thé:power of the ‘state for those Yet he is equally unpopular with! pe ures lately designated him as a “dan-;_ wéld_his varfous ovrenc nt Aogether, |} to ie Re ho Se crip ronenon to ‘an’ office | * orous title of the ‘“‘National Liberail Under the necessity of con- th inet-making and then will come aj 5 decide the possibility of the govern-/} should follow as an indispenable cor- é jhioved and coloniés are examined for | queen condition. Queenless colonies colonies such as light swarms which may have young queens. At present “prices of honey and sugar ft does not best colonies as swarms of bees can be purchased from the Southern States to arrive in May and give as ‘good a crop: of honey as an average colony wintered. over. ' After supers have been removed we September each colony should be fed a suMcient amount of syrup made of (two parts granulated sugar to one of “water to bring its supply of feed up | to $5 or 40 pounds, This ‘feeding may be done about the first of October. Hives. may be placed in boxes for outdoor wintering before or after _teeding at the convenience of the bee- Jeooper, but winter packing should be “appli: ‘ore settled cold weather. Wor cellar wintering, hives should be Operation if possible a cold day im- F mediately following a spell of warm weather. When properly prepared according to some method similar to described in Bulletin 266 on “The Wintering of Bees in Ontario,” outdoor wintered bees require no at- tention — the time the feeding and is completed until the fol- lowing April. The bee-cellar should watched for thes ree regulation ot | temperature and vémtilation when chasges of weather occur. The succesaful wintering of bees depends -on having good.colonies of young bees, young queens, plenty of good stores, hives warmly packed and ample protection from cold winds, the frat warm days of April colonies should be removed from cel- lara and all should be examined to detect queenless ones or those short ot stores. The former should be unit- ed with those having err and the latter given extra feed. It would not “be. wine to make a thorough oxam- for disease, until. the weather = attention. At queen-ipping time the brood should be°in @d care- fully for infectious diseases as de- seri in nanega 213, “Bee Dis- eases ha Ontari aupetlon of strong colonies will beatin during fruit. bldom > and outdoor wintered bees may -be un- packed soon after. In a backward spring the inpacking may be left un- til early in June. The main duty in Mey is to get queens clipped as statéd- and see that each colony develops properly or is given room to check swarming Impulse aa the case may be. ing as much as. possible, by keeping young queens, Mane fos plen' room and a ay Stages tion of beéod-thame detect colonies as are Preparing to swarm, found: far advanced they shout hii be be - the: queen” a re- moved, After the. colony has queeniess one week the combe sontt: again be examined and all cella ex- cept one removed, This one will pro- vide them with a queen and if only one is left they will not swarm again. Where an improvement of stock is Sealed the new queen may be given nstead of leaving one _queen cell. Natural swarms should be hived om the old stand after ae the parent colony ‘te one The use they have no brood to care for during the first week. ‘Colonies held together without. swarming gather more honey than th which swarm. They. keepers’ patriotic duty to. reduce the cost of honey production and thus in- crease the quantity he is called to 233 takes this matter up. horoughly and should be carefully studted by all beekeépers. Most of our best honey is gathered during late June me early” yaly.. None of this sho near the end of - are tracting supets tod avoid early ex- tracting.’ Bed doing Soh we get a much ripened which com~ ~ geason. 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