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, . Phis is the genuine ‘tea of all teas’... Tt you do not uke Salada, send us a post card for a free stating the price you now pay and if 36 26 vor Mixed Tex. A Address Salada, Toronto 7. oF es Se | Z ‘China's N eeds ‘ (Chas. W. Service, B. A., M. D., Chength, West China) The Medical Situation in China. This article is largely based on one written by Mr, Roger S. Greene, Resi- dent Director in China of the Rocke- feller Foundation China Medical Board. From a professional point of view, the aims of a modern Christian hos-! pital in China may be thus described: ; (1) To relieve suffering; (2) to af-! ford a model for the Chinese; (3) to become a means by which Chinese Christians may make their own con- tribution to the healing and sanita- tion of their own land; (4) as a centre for medical research;(5) us a teaching institution. What is the situation that the medi- cal missionary—whether doctor, den tist, nurse or pharmacist—faces? Despite a high degree of. racial im-, munity the ravages of dosease are) manifest. In addition to the extreme- ly high child mortality and the other-| wise high death-rate from small pox,| tuberculosis, etc., the situation is be-| ing increasingly aggravated by the sudden introduction of Western ma-, chinery without adequate safeguards, | by railroads, by overcrowding in mod-' ern schools, workshops and factories. | More frequent intercourse with for- eign countries increases the risk of infection from without, while greater rapidity and convenience of internal | communications cause the more rapid spread of such outbreaks as that of! Pneumonia Plague in Manchuria, in! 1910, which carried off 60,000 people. | What are the forces available to, deal with this situation, The govern-| ment has as yet no active organiza-! tion to safeguard public health. A| beginning has been made in medical, education but none of the few gov-j ernment medical schools has a quali-| fied staff or the necessary equipment. while their standard of admission is so low that it is useless to expect of | them in the near future any very use-! ful putput in the way of ordinary practitioners to say nothing of the leaders who are the country’s first! need. sR exe! & H Turning from the problem of pre-| vention, how many do¢tors are there! in China to care for her millions o sick and wounded? We may pass ove the practitioners of the Chinese oredicine, although they do possess an empirical knowledge of certain remedies for simple disord- ers. They are untrained and un- acfentific. In the face of epidemics. plagues, surgical conditions and most serious illnesses they are powerless. Of the properly qualified practit- joners of Western medicine the most important group are the missionary doctors who number about 400. Then there is a handful of Chinese doctors trained abroad. There are also about 400 who have studied in lower grade Japanese medical schools. Finally, we have the Chinese who have been trained in medical schools organized in China. Including those conducted by missions, by the Chinese government, by German, French. British, United States and Japanese organizations, there are only about twenty such schools in he whole of China, and from them there have been turned out about 1000 graduates. Only a small minority of these pd doing creditable work Yet includ- ing all the above mentioned classes we have a maximum of 2000 doctors or one for every 200,000. In Ontario there are 3000, and in Toronto 800 doctors. Allowing one for 2060 peo- ple China should have at least 200,- 000, She is actually short over 99% of what would be a reasonable num- ber if all had received a thorough traiving. A study of these facts forces us to the conclusion that no foreign agen- cies, however numerous or richly en- dowed, can do more than touch the problem of the immediate needs of China, or relieve more than an infin- old-style! 2re coming into their own. “4g, Stitutions have been transformed dur- rereflelts| “Pile tee constipation . Cheney . Toledo, Q@hio. Sold by'alf There are, roughly, 250, mission hospitals in China, and as there are less than 400\doctors actually on the field at any one time, this makes an average of about one and a half for- eign doctors in each, hospital I[n- deed, most of the stations have only | one, while not a few are at pregent without a doctor. With the vast extension of the field of medical knowledge, it is utterly im- possible for the doctors to sufficiently be up to date to do justice to them- selves and o their patients if they are obliged to cover the whole field of medicine, surgery and the various! sre specialties, besides doing their own laboratory. work. A more exact medi- cal science means a closer study of cases with the obvious result that the number of cases under one physician must be greatly reduced. There is actually less than one missionary nurse for every two hos- pitals. a hygienic and a scientific hospital is a competent Western nurse. Non- hygienic hospitals are a reproach to Western science and to Christianity. Missionary dentists and pharma-. ; used. In order to accomplish this the resort cists are almost negligible in number. There are probably less than a dozen of each in the whole of China. As regards buildings, many hos- pitals are only old Chinese houses. or cheap foreign style structures. Many are without suitable kitchens, efficient heating systems, satisfactory bedding and clothing, adequate ward equipment, lavatories, laundries, bathrooms and laboratories. Steril- izing and operating rooms and their equipment are often very inadequate Such conditions, in which much of the medical work has been done, are most discohraging. These conditions should be stimul- us enough to basten us to remedy these defects. But it is worth while remembering that the number of Chinese who have some idea of what hospital treatment means is rapidly increasing, and we must see to [t. that} ot@fing dtstredit! our imetitutters don upon the name they bear. the unfortunate conditions mentioned re gradually being remedied, and more and more the doctors and nurses Many in- Ing recent years, which great credit on the doctors and nurses in charge, and on the missions and ‘Now, in irom safes of good resisting power are for the most part unknown, and, , adroit théevea are mot, To defend his most put inte the . Them sonie crocodiles of the larg- est and fiercest were in- stalled in the tank and maintained fed, however, with such a ty as lo imterfere with their matural ferocity. Any person who should reach the A man’'stepped up to a well-known minister once and said: “Well, sir, I am anh evolutionist; and I want to} discuss the question ¥ you. I am and annihit I believ that when I die fist will be of me.” ! 4 for.that!"’ de- vontly ejaculated the minister as be walked off and left the man # ite : y (oes Maty of | T is a universally known fast that \fooda not properly preserved. will spoil. They will: ferment, decay, | putrify or become moldy., These: changes are. ight” about. by. the development of bactetia, yeasts and molds on or in the food. Ef these micro-organisms can. be. prevented from growing en or in the food it. will not spoil,. Therefere, the question of food preservation resolves itself. into the problem of preventing these *bac- teria, yeasts and molds from growing or multiplying on or in. the foods. This is done in various ways accord- ing to the nature of the food te be preserved. Overheating or freezing will usual- ly kill the living tissue*of which. the reots are composed, after which they will readily decay as a result ‘of the rapid. multiplication of bacterig and molds in the dead tissue. In the preservation of such -vege- as green a ' and green corn different. measures necessary. These are green and juicy and if stored in the fresh eon- dition they will either wilt or ferment L“rot. is fermentation and: rot- ting is due to the development .of the bacteria which are present on, the vegetables. There will be sufficient moisture present the mass: to en- able the bacteria to multiply and feed on the material and thos induce the A primary essential to secure} rot, So In order to presefve such vege tables in-the fresh condition the bac- teria present have to be all killed and all other bacteria prevented from get- ting on the materia] until it is to be process of cann et to. To get satisfactory results from canning vegetables it is necessary to have: lat. sound healthy vege- bies. 2nd. Good clean sealers with tight- fitting tops and good rubbers. 3rd. Wash the vegetables and fill imto the sealers. " 4th. Cover with water salted to taste, * 6th. Put on the tops and: ‘leave slightly loose. th. Place sealers in a ste@mer or boller half filled with cold water and heat to the boiling point for half an hour. Tth. Remove sealers from boiler or and return to the boiler or steamer and give another half hour’s bolting. > this proceas after an- her 24. hours, Then. tighte down 8 = top is hermetically ean get in until it is opened. Another method of steriliaing is to give one boiling to the filled sealers for 3-4 hours. This, however, cannot be on to give as satisfactory results aa the above. ‘ _Another. method is to heat im ateam under 15 lbs. pressure for thirty-min- ‘jutes. This is the commercial‘way Ww for strong steamers (autoclares), that can withstand in- termal pressure, are necessary. A small pease! of this type suitable for househehi use is now on the market. no should the dried materials get -moist during storage, then decay or rot: will rapidly develop, as the bacteria ‘are aot killed in the drying proceas an only require moisture to enable them to develop. In the storing of'sach fruits as apples and pears it is essetnial: 1. To have only sound specimens. 2. To pack carefully without bruising. i 3. To store in-a cool, well-ventilat- ed place where they will neither be ovetheated or frozen. Such [fruits as strawberries, les, plums, a di ting 8 Oe ES: © 20-be haets Canning fruits is not so dificult as camming vegetables because it is cas- fer to kill yeasts amd molds -which é si STE a my 17 itl ; i : : i ERGs Ft 3 4 “i ae i i te ait a5 itt jal ty mat 2, ‘| the honor to the tL: ‘| avold ¢he disgrace of breeching by his | sage hooped me hk " Sg a sey ge us or Pieus. Herodotus gives tect ians during the reign of A omer speaks of s which seems to approach some the game of hand-tennis. An early French writer in chron- icling certain surprising events tells} - of a-young lady named Margot who resided in Paris, and who played at hand-tennis with the palm,-and also with the back of her hand. It is most surprising, should bave played with a naked hand, as generally t!.c game is played with a double glove. That the racket is also. of great antiquity is proved by a passage from Chaucer in Troylus and Cryseyde, where he alludes to. the batting to arid from of a tennis ball with a racket. In his “Annals of Tennis” Mr. Jul- ian Marshall states: “According to traditiong in West- ern Europe, the Italians first began to protect and fortify the hand with a glove for playing tennis. This was soon followed by she use of a double glove of stouter and stiffer soateniat. | Finding that this, in addition to the protection it gave to the palm offered also a greater power of striking the ball, ingenious persons conceived the brilliant idea of stretching across the glove an elastic network of strings, such as those used in a violin. To these gloves, with and without knot- ted strings, handles were soon addeil “From the plain but stiff glove with a* handle to it, came the battoir. It was sometimes made of thin wood. on the elasticity of which depended its driving power, and was of various shapes, rounded, oval, very narrow oval and even square. Very common- ly {t consisted of a mere frame cf wood over which parchment was stretohed. It is not surprising that the racket should have supplanted the battoir, not only because the catgut could be more readily procured than parchment, but on account of the greater effect on the ball which could be produced by its employment.” During. the reign of Charles the Fifth, palm-play, which may be prop- erly denominated hand-tennis, was very fashionable in France, being | played by the nobility for large sums of money. So fascinated were sone of the players. that when they had lest all they had with them, they of- tentimes would pledge part of their wearing apparel. rather than give ap the game. James the First was not, from all reports, a tennis player, but he al- ways spoke favorably of the pastime, and recommended it to “his son as a kind of exercise much becoming a ince. lea the Second oete t- divteeed thin tent by piaytte cen nis, and had a particular kind of dress made for the purpose. H. A. Clark in writing upon the subject says: “At the time when tennis play was taken up seriously by the nobility of England, new requirements were made in the game, and covered courts erected that it might be practiced without any interruption from the weather. In the sixteenth century tennis courts were common in Eng- land, and the establishment of sach Places countenanced by the erampile| of the monarchs. In the vocabulary of Commenius we'see a rude repre- sentation of a tennis court divided by a line stretched in the middle, and the players standing on either side with*their rackets, ready to receive and return the ball, which the rule# of the game require to be striken over the Ilne.”" During the reign of Henry the Sixth, tennis did not flourish to any extent and with the war of the Red and White Roses it languished. To- ward the latter end of this reign, how- Sreasped in obesity Puy] says the author, that she|- what to Sat: Banner and Red Book ner Banner Banner Banner Banner Banner Banner Banner Banner Banner Banner Banner - Banner Banner’ and Rural Know. publication. ever, it begam.to be more popular. At that time, thé historians tell us that the balls used in tennis were. undoubtedly, small, round ones mad¢ of iron. This seems strange, but fs authenticated from the fact that numerous entries were found in Iron-! monger's books, which mentionen ten- nis balls. The great French artist. Jacques, CaHot, etched and engraved a print which bears the date of 1616. The subject is called ‘‘Le Miracle de Saint Mansuy.”” The scene is by the C Banner and Cosmopolitan Banner and Toronto Daily Star Banner and Farmer’s Advocate famner,and London Advertiser (Morning Edition nD and,Londop Free Press (Morning Edition and The Stratford Bea and Stratford Herald ( kly) and Montreal Weekly Witness .... and Montreal Weekly Witness ( and World Wide ... and Presbyterian and Canadian Poultry Journal and Youths’ Companion and Northern Messenger and Canadian Pictorial and Toronte World, (Dally Edition) apd-Toronto World, (Sunday Edition) ......... anada Banner and Farmers’ Magazine Banner and Farm and Dairy Banner and Daily Mail and Empire Banner and Saturday Mail and Empire Banner and Canadian Countryman The above publications may be obtained by Banner subscrib- _ ers in any combination, the price for any publication’ being the figure given ‘less $2.00, representing the price of The Banner These prices are for addresses in Canada or Great Britain. If the publication you want is not in the above list-let us We can supply any well-known Canadian or American These prices are strictly cash in advance. Send subscription by post office or express order to Banner Pub. Co, The Banner's Clubbing List Banner and Daily Globe acsiailevereravernieeacaiengia stm aieierswes eee $676 fj Banner and Family Herald and Weekly Star ........... 340) «ff Banner and Farmers’ Sun (Twice a week) ...........-. 240 | 5 3 £ 4 4 5 3 6 6 3 3 m (Weekly) ......... “3 . 4 8 4 gz :3 4 bs 4 2 3 Fae eraliotaed 5 § 2 3 2 sa ee ee er ee side of a river and in the distance can be seen Mont St. Michael. The saint is bringing back to life fhe prince’s son who has been killed by a blow from a tennis ball. The ball lies by the boy's side and at his feet isa racket. It would seem, therefore. that as early as 1616 tennis: was play- ed with an extrémeély hard ball. In a letter written by John Cham- berlain to Sir Dudley Carleton, dated! London, February 12, 1611, a strange; case of suicide is recorded. ; “The eldest son of the’ Bishop of Bristol killed himself with a kaife to. mother (or his mother-in-law, I know not whether) would need have put) FRESH MEATS A full supply of Fresh Meats will always greet your eyes at this store. We take pride in cutting meats to please our cus- 1 tomers. You are not urged to take what you do not -want. Should you ever buy of us meat not as represented, bring it back and we will return the money. DOM M’S, The Modern Meat Market him to, for losing his money at ten- nis." , . An early writer, speaking of the laws and practice of tennis, says. that they have not been always what they are now, either in E nd:or else- where. -No‘cote of a “game ever sprang perfect and complete, - like Athens, from the brain of ‘the inven- (J lized or cast in a permanent] when‘ tennis was ular of outdoor sporta. Hard To Beat tmcome tax. “Yes,” “he’ said, lation to the debated feserine xe J Ages beljeve the histori: Wes at, an’ apes en es rs iS ge, BE =: ie : > aa it we are to ting ‘the wool off the sheep 4 =F h “tney'lt keep Gh that lay: of the eighteenth cetitury. Whatevér the date may be, however, the game of tennis has flourished in this coun- try and is today one of the moat pop- A political speaker was criticizing the policy of the govermment in re- cut- a » golden eggs, until they pump it oe = i f ’ Two Ways The older gardeners’ wife had been very ill, and, seeing him coming down the street, | hastened to ask him 4- bout her. _ “Oh, ma'am,” the old man replied, ‘sorrewfully, “the doctor don’t give us no encouragement either way.” - “The Canadian Big Four will appear ¢& in McDonald's Hall on Oct. 14th. This is the best company touring Canads this fall and po one should miss it. 2 uae sae ar ean i