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OF ITS WORKING. Pruasian Agents Are Keeping U- Boat Commanders Advised of Shipping Movements. Up came the periscope out of the ehoppy, roling sea, to take a look around. The thing was painted white, to resemble the top of a wave and to conceal itself in the mist that hung heavily over the ocean. But the trained "spotters," stationed on the bridge and all over the decks of the Southland, were quick enough to see the periscope when it appeared. "Submarine! Port quarter!" called the oaptain on the bridge. ~ "Fire !" commanded the chief of the gun crew. In an instant the naval gun pointers aboard the steamship, which was run- bing at full speed through the war zone, had found the target. The rest of the gun crew were at their posts beside the piles of ammunition on the deck, shells and powder charges, and ready to fight to the last. "Bang-g-g" roared the gu But the shot missed, bounding and rebounding along on the water beyond the target. Periscopes in the most favorable circumstances are hard to . "Bang-bang !"" went the gun again, closer to the periscope, but still miss- ing. By this iime the submarine's dare- devil-commander-got the bearings and fet go a torpedo at the steamship. Quickly the vessel swung round, with its nose toward the submarine, in or- der to minimize the size of the tar- get. The torpedo missed twenty feet astern: ~~) Then there was another white streak in the water--the wake of an- other torpedo, which did not miss. There was an explosion at the water line on the quarter, ripping a great hole in the side. The great ves- sel gave a shudder and then lurched forward. The U-Boat Submerges. In the hasty turning and the shock of being hit the gunners lost sight of the periscope for a minute, and the rain of shots fired went far from the mark. Seeing that the second torpedo had done its work, the submarine sub- merged in order to get out of the way of the gunfire. With a great hole in_her side, both above and below the water line, the Southland began to settle by the bow, marine {in some mysterious way knew that the steamship he had sunk, the Southland, which was one of the best known of the Red Star line, had been laid up for repairs. He knew she would elear soon--he even knew the -date originally set. But he had not re- celved a "report" of her steaming. Something apparently went wrong with the Kaiser's intelligence system for the instant. Evidently the Prussians had some- the port----somebody trusted movements--who reported in underground way her intended clear- ance. Such a person must be some body whose record is outwardly spot- less, for the news about the move movements of ships is guarded like diamonds and gold. There is no way of learning definite y, but it is a thousand to one bet that the British Secret Service already is at work on the case to locate the per- son who obtained the information and the method by which it was conveyed to the enemy. --___ 4 WHAT "BOGHE" MEANS Why the Term "Hun" is Frequently I Applied to the Germans. The term "Boche," as applied to the German soldiers, isn't a complimen- ary one, nor anything new. It is an old term in France, and means "thick- headed." It is about equivalent to the American term "bone-head." In fact, the word comes from the Italian "beecia," and means a reund ball .of exceptionally hard wood used in playing ten pins. But just how it came to be applied to the German sol- diers we do not know. As a general rule, nicknames given to soldiers are not unkindly. The French soldier is called "poilu," which means hairy, because in the early French wars the soldiers had no op- portunity to shave, or have their hair cut, and when they returned from the y, they had a rough, hairy, un- appearance. But there was unkindly in calling them The British are called "Tommies" because of a ficitious popular British soldier made Y given the name "Tommy Atkins." During the American Civil War the Union troops were called "Yanks," as an abbreviation of the word Yankee," and were called "Johnny Reds," from ebel." But never was there bitterness or sarcasm in the terms. immortal in verse and ~ THREE YEARS OF WORLD CONFLICT Statistics 'Concerning the War "War to End 4 of Third Year--Counting the Cost of: the 1] Holocaust in Human Lives and Dollars and Cents. WARRING NATIONS. First Year. rman " Countries That Have Broken With Germany and Her Allie Mc 1917 Bolivia . pl 14, 1917 Gautemala . ......... rue 28, 1917 Chile. .............. May 4, 1917 Enemy Country Occupied by Opposing iia Entente Powers and Their Allies. Area in Area in 8q. miles 384,200 Albania . 322,450 Tyrol and Austrian Coast 291,950 Land . 96,160 Alsace . German East Afroca German tia Africa .. Cameroon 4,050 1,200,910 Germany and Her Allies. 101,700 Montenegro . 33, re Rumania . 5,600 5,100 250 173,950 The Human Side. of men slain or died of wounds and disease of men wounded of men incapacitated for further service of prisoners taken of men now engaged in warfare P 5,000,000 12,000,000 "Go live the wide je world over--but | I held it half a lifetime, until through war's mischance 7 I saw the wooden crosses that fret the fields of France. A thrush sings in-an oak tree, and from the old square tower A chime as sweet and mellow salutes the idle hour; Stone crosses take no notice--but the little wooden ones Are thrilling every minute to the mu- sic of the guns Upstanding at attention they face the cannonade, In apple-pie alinement like Guardsmen on parade; But Tombstones are ae who loll | or sprawl or sw At eyery crazy ar and stage of slow decay. For them the Broken Colamn--in its plot of unkempt grass The tawdry tinsel garland 'safeguanil- ed under glass; And the Squire's emblazoned virtues, that would overweight a Saint, On the vault empaled in iron--scaling | red for want all paint. The tenants ot ie cerca where) the singing thrushes build Were not, perhaps, all paragons promise well fulfilled: Some failed--through Love, or Liqu or | --while the parish looked askance. | But--you cannot die a Failure if you win a Cross in France! The brightest gems of Valor in the, Army's diadem Are the V.C. and the D.S.O., D.C.M. of M.C., and-- j But those who live to wear them will tell you they are dross | Beside the Final Honor of a simple, ooden Cross. | --E. W. Hornung, in the London Times. TWO AERIAL HEROES. Exploits of Members of the Royal Canadian Flying Corps. | One of the most thrilling encounters | house, who, accompanied by another pilot, was out over the Prussian lines, Flying Corps. One of the | gave chase and opened fire. Wood- 'house made believe that he had been hit, and his companion brought the | machine down in a field. Immediately | "BUT. ¥OU CANNOT DIE A FATL- URE 1F--" I can recall is that of Captain Wood- | : impression says an officer of the Royal Canadian, Prussians | | respect * DESCRIBES THINGS HE ON BATTLEFIELDS Sir Arthur Pearson, Head of St. Dun- stan"s Hoste! For Blinded Soldiers, Gives Impressions of War. "Blind people learn to perceive with- out seeing," said Sir Arthur Pearson, the redoubtable and resolute blind leader of the blind before leaving for a visit to the British front in France. The truth of this statement was visibly demonstrated in a special in- terview which Sir Arthur gave to a Daily Express representative, London, at St. Dunstan's Hostel for blinded ; Soldiers, of which he is the Head, on his return from the British battle line. For the first time a blind man haa been able to = his impressions of actual warfar "I know now the difference between a whizz-bang and a bang-whizz," eaid Sir Arthur, smiling. "When the bang comes first and the whizz afterwards you know it's your own shell. When the whizz comes first, then it's the other 1 had persona) ex- perience of both. When I reached France I found a message from General Headquarters -- that I was to see everything I vanted to see, so in four crowded days My was able to go anywhere, see what | wanted and ask as many questions By I liked Saw Wonderful Things "I saw commanders of armies and many other important people, and saw hundreds cf wonderful things. | spected a German prison camp had a good look at a 'tankydrome'-- a marvellous place--a sniping sehioel --most interesting a school of Jn- struction for a really wonderful sys- tem of locating guns by sound, and J visited ruined villages. "To talk about going through ruined villages does not convey any impression because they are simply places where villages used to be. The land is scarred and covered here and there with wild poppies and mustard and scarlet pimpernels. A Profound Respect "I Rave come back with a very good ef the war--how it all and the organization, whieh is I have also a profound for the British army--not imerely as a fighting force, but as a » business which is amazingly well con- | ducted "Whenever there is a serious bom- goes, wonderful. "SAWT of nations in arms and in four minutes was down suf- of men available for. eer The ficiently to pull the still whirling pro- pellers out of the water, with a deafen- the Prussian, in one of the latest 'ype! bardment~ trenches cease to exist; battle planes, made his landing | there are only shell holes and a few went over to the other machine with-; dugouts. Vimy Ridge, which I visit' nea ring dine a ed, is a succession of shel] holes-- But now we have the German sol- diers generally called "Boches," or "Boneheads," and certainly not as a term of endearment. The appellation i"Hun," which one sees in priat fre- 120,000,000 The total approximate cost to date .. $100,000,000,000 Every day the war costs .......... 92,592,592 the steamship the crew some jarge enough to put good-sized were adjusting life preservers;: Heers and stokers, some dressed only in shoes and trousers, were pouring out of the hold to a place of safety; able seamen and stewards were lower- when the sub- leaving them Bide. The gunners, Marine submerged, without a target, saw a chance to get away with their lives. They dashed | to the side, crawled over and slid} down the ropes, frightfully, but landing safely lifeboats, which already had been launched. , another shudder and . and then, as the lifeboats two hudnred yards away, the was swallowed up by the water; first ber decks, then her fun- nels and then the tops of the tower- ing masts. The crew, glad to be alive, _ but wondering what would become of them, watched silently. But their muse did not last long, Before the whirlpool caused by the sinking vessel had become calm again there appeared on the scene about a thousand vards away a periscope--un- doubtedly the same that had bobbed up at the beginning of the action, An Eye-Opening Conversation. The periscope was stationary for a' moment--no doubt while the com- mnander was observing the destruction he had wrought) and then it came up further, finally revealing the outline of a Prussian submarine. The sea washed over her as she came to the surface. A little higher and a hatch leading to the interior of the craft was opened to allow a German head to look into the open air. Out of the came half a dozen of a Kicking up a spray five feet in the ; to) air, the submarine made her way one of the lifeboats--that which con- tained the second mate and twenty of | ship. " asked came up with the boat. "The Southland," replied the second "from Liverpool to New York. "| "Huh ?" asked the German. Southland ? Are you sure ? "Yes," said the steamship officer. "That's odd," replied the German. "You weren't due to leave Liverpool : for another week." "I know," replied the second mate; "The | engi- | burning thelr hands ; in the) | Before-the-War Progress The great ship was sinking rapidly. | a got | iscientists perceived the value of the iairplane as a war asset. 'selves with ' purposes. !EBurope and Asia 'planes and | \ 3 nd back, the | submarine commander when his craft | (Mediterranean and quently, also Is and means that the German's pres- ,ent warfare and tactics savor of the barbarity of the Huns, who under { Attila, came near overrunning Europe Ing the lifeboats from the starboard and destroying civilization. There | were many of the Huns left in the re- 'gion that has sinee become Germany, /but the German people, as a people, are not descendants of the Huns. ----__----_ *- ---_--- AIR PREPAREDNESS. Made by European Nations. Right from the beginning the aerial Five years ago, when the natlons were not dream- ing of the proximity of the World 'War--with the exception of Germany --the nations began equipping them- the aircraft for military In 1913 the nations of were stocking up, while the United States locked on. France had something like 800 air- two dozen dirigibles. It down the line to Japan, ranged on jwith fifty airplanes and half a dozen i dirigibles. Cross-country flying was being popu- larized just before the war broke out. | Some of the flights in 1913 included | trips between Petrograd and Paris. many don, a dozen fiights across the Sahara Desert. France was carrying mail by atrplanes. It was estimated that some 200,000 passengers were carried in flights monthly. The advance from 1908 to 1913--~half the decade in which the alrplane has made its wonderful advance--brought out some of the following records: Speed, 125 miles an hour. Endurance, fourteen no-stop hours, Altitude, 21,000 feet., Longest tours, Paris to Petrograd an' Paris to Cairo, »Vongest flights over water, across Baltic Seas and | American Great Lakes. Longest one-day trip, Berlin to Paris There were 6,000 Hcensed naviators in Europe, of which France had 2,000 land England 700, with 7,000 students lin military aviation schools. | paredness of Fra The pre. ance in aviation in -- to come will be regarded equally important in turning back the Hun in the memorable "On-to-Paris" "but they finished our repairs ahead | j Gash of 1914 as the quick mobilization of time, and, as we wére to travel | of French artillery and infantry be- light, they sent us out on an earlier |ore Von Kluck's right wing. day than originally set." "Funny," said the officer. get any report of it." Traitors in the Ports. This is an astounding example of the intelligence system émployed by the Prussians in thelr war against "I didn't may choice handkerchiefs, ete 4 Water in which rice has been boiled be used for marching old lace, It gives a soft and dainty stiffness 5 which adds 'a charm to the appearance. a term of reproach : | British daily war expense in Aviation T | Retained flights between Paris and Lon- | | Pampered Regimental |mals in different ways. jtrench during infantry fire, 'and apparently enjoying the noise. _ shelled or | gagement. Every hour the war costs Every minute the war costs ...... Every secoond the war costs 3,858,025 64,300 1,072 38,760,000 25,000,000 80,000,000 German daily war expense U.S. daily war expense (first 100 _ of war .... Losses. Entente Cental Allies Powers 3 Entente Central Allies Powers Dreadnoughts . ...... 6 16 Battleships . ......... Battle cruisers ....... Armored cruisers .... Losses in Merchant Shipping Feb. ni 1914 Aug. 1.1915, Aug. 1, 1916, ° July 1, 1917 Ships Tons 1,586 2,096,000 778 1,087,590 to July 31, 1916 Ships Tons 446 669,000 72 108,000 Jety 1915 Ships Tons 205 69 Total Ships 2,237 909 Total Tonnage 3,072,500 1,284,090 Allies . ..... Neutrals . .. 88,500 264 396,000 518 777,000 2,364 3,183,590 3,146 4,356,590 German Shipping Losses. To July 1, 1917. Ships Tonnage 452,000 807,000 595,773 Merchant shipping destroyed by mines or torpedoes or captured by the enemy Interned vessels seized by "i United States ba Interned which have bee vessels of ge seized ' 1,745,227 3, 600,000 lthe best time, for they stay in ues, . live on the fat of the jand and ar Mascots Live | made much of by the local inhabi. n the Fat of the Land |tants. The pampered terrier of a cer- Hombardments affect different anl- | | tain famous regiment of foot guards Dogs, as a; | sal on the top of a transport wagon at rule, show great distress when shells | the tail of the battalion and®arked at burst near them and how] piteously. all the civilian dogs he passed, On the other hand, they have been known to dash along tHe front of a} barking | ANIMALS UNDER FIRE. -- a The Pound of Flesh. 'ats do not care whether they are "machined" as long as they ave a dry corner and food when they | are hungry. There have been instances of lost dogs and cats actually venturing into; the British trenches during an en- Some of them lived in cot- tages near the firing line--long since destroyed--and clung to the remnants of their homes; others strayed a long | distance. A nondescript dog, with an ;tuken place. Armentieres address on his collar, gyocery turned up near Wytchaete early one figs. morning, spent the day with a Terri-|to English was as follows torial battalion, disappeared at dusk| "Have you any sons?" and was never seen again. "Yes," replied the A West county yeomanry contingent was adopted in the thick of a fight near Fortuin in May by a black cat, which survived a bombardment that killed many men, and has since Hved sumptuously in billets with an identi- fication disc around its neck. Regimental mascots appear to have lish a indeed, jexpress themselves prematurely: ' other languages that most amuse us. | /furd for figs, higos. One can, there- A lady went into store in Porto Rico to buy storekeeper, "Very well; I wil] take one pound, if ycu please To that the storekeeper replied that his sons were not for sale, and cer- tainly not by the pound. lying as if dead. Suddenly he leaped up, jammed his revolver under the Boche's nose and marched him over to the big battle plane, got in after him' and with the gun against his ribs took ; him back to our lines, sian machine. en, which proved very useful later. In the Royal Naval Air there is a young lieutenant, Murray Galbraith by name, with whom I once trained at the school at Dayton, '! Ohio. who gave up a splendid future -- his father is one of the Canadian silver kings--to go into the flying service. He was sent to Dunkirk to do patrol work for one of the monitors lying off the coast. Over at Ostend the Prus- sians had made their staff headquar- ters in a certain hotel. spotted this hotel and directed the shellfire of the monitor with such ac- curacy that the Prussian staff barely | escaped annihilation. On one of his flights over the Prus-_ sian lines he encountered five ma- chines, one of which he disposed of. ! He got away from the rest, and, com- ing on toward the Somme, ran _ijnto' Although the attempts of alien stu- | dents to thread the labyrinths of Eng- nev weleclan: it is the mistakes of Eng- lish- -speaking people who attempt ba The Spanish word for sons is hijos, ' fore, readily understand how the fol-| Cwing conversation might have easily ®\ haps an envious silence, and then The conversation translated in- jing fire from his Lewis gun and then jhe executed a loop and started earth-. ward. His engine gave out, but he' ,was just high enough to glide back over their lines and hen to a point of safety near our line When he_ landed "his machine~™ w literally shot to pieces. the D.S.O. for this and, I believe, has since been decorated again. ----_--____. The Scale. In a confidential] talk to a group of medical students, an eminent physi- -- matter of the maximum "come of course to the ™' specialist. For instance, I charge} twenty-five dollars residence, ten dollars for an office: ;consultation, and five dollars for a | telephone consultation." | There was an appreciative and per-| ay voice from the back of the amphi- theatre spoke. "Doctor," it asked, "how much do you charge a fellow for passing you on the street?" ----_ -o-- Better agriculture, clean, tested seed, proper drainage and fertiliza- tion were never so essential as at pre- sent. _Every available acre should be t ave the pore of beef breeds. , for half a dozen horses. a prisoner. | Later he returned and got the Prus-; Besides the machine, : there were some valuable papers tak-! heard what is called drum fire in the | directiort of Lens. Service' { Murray is a great big fellow in i {| "Everybody Galbraith | deed. 'ff any of them had attempted to es- another group of Boches. Two of these! he put out of business with a wither-! Y " } 1915. Comparing the relative produc- cian took up the extremely important ter of Canada. "The best' rewards,' he declared,| Creamery butter in 1916 were in rela- established | tive order as follows: Alberta 8,521,-, | 784 Ib., for a call at the| houses in and lose them, others large enough to make comfortable graves There is not another sight like it in the world, |The sub-soil is churned up. When Boche Gets "Hell" "The night before I came away I It was a weird ex- First of all you hear one gun, then two or three, then a few more, and then, quite suddenly, you hear a very quick tat-tat-tat-tat-tat- tat-tat, like a Maxium gun, except that stead of the crackle of rifles you hear the banging of big guns. "Then this terrific rat-tat-tat merg- ed in one indescribable roar. That meant that getting hell. perience. at front is © hly « tonteatt the tremely and vinced that we have the upper han: jevery way. | Huns Know They're Beaten "The Germans know they are beat- en, and they say so quite candidly. The prisoners we take are well be 'hayed. I saw many of them making ; roads, and they w ed very well in- I asked the caup commandant pe. 'Escape!' he said. 'Why, you couldn't drive them away." Producti ion of Butter. The total production of creamery butter in Canada im 1916 is returned as 82,564,130 lb., of the value of $26,-, | 966, 357, as compared with 83,824,176 value of $24,368,636 in ,tion of the provinces the. production lin 1916 is highest in Quebec with 34,- 328,275 Ib. of the value of $11,516,148, as compared with 24,680,109 Ib., of the; value of $8,031,998 in Ontario. These two provinces together produce about 70 per cent. of the total creamery but-, Of the other pro-; vinces the production and value of; value $2,619,248; Manitoba 6,-, 574,510 Ib., value $2,038,109; Saskat- lchewan 4,310,669, value $1,938,1805) Nova Scotia 1,586,679 Ib., value $506,-; 000; British Columbia 1,243,292, value. $497,316; New Brunswick 709,932 Ib., value $236,194; and Prince Edward Is- land (g,880 Ib., value $184,164. The aver:Me price per lb. of creamery but- ter for all Canada works out to 337 cents in 1916 as compared with 80 cents in 1915. By provinces in 191 the highest price was in British Col- umbia 42 cents and the lowest in Prince Edward Island 30 cents, In the other provinces the price per Ib. for 1916 was as follows: Nova Scotia 82 cents; New Brunswick 33 cents; Quebec 84 cents; Ontario 33 cents; the prairle provinces 31 cents. t Brother Boche was just, ~