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bh "few shavings. or an "The ANREP ExcAVATOR Alfred, 'By K. Hillier in The Toronto Star Weekly. To-day, when we are shivering from lack of coal, everyone is usking what' peat de _ posits 'we have, and. how they .can be utilized.- Until the heatless' days. came, very few people took any interest in-peat, but there was one little man of a scientific turn sof .mind down in Ottawa. who® foresaw several years: ago just what has now: taken place and begun preparing for it, Eugene Huanel was made Director of | Mines: by Clifford Sifton, when the latter 'wus Minister of thé Interior. /Haanel knew 'that the day would 'very likely come when 'some untoward event would interfere with Central Canada's. supply of coal from the United States "and quietly begin mapping out 'our peat bogs, ascertuising the quality of the peat in them and finding out the best' methods of making it into fuel, The work hag been going.on since 4809, and has revealed the: fact.that Canada has fan area of about 37,000 square miles cov- ered! with peut bogs, of which 12,000 square miles of an average depth of six feet are Jocuted in Munitobs, Ontario, Quebec, und New Brunswick, These 12,000 square miles | contain '9,800,000 tons of peag fuel, equal | in fuel value 10.5,400,000 tons of good coal. | 'The mines bratich has investigated and | mapped 175,000 acres of 'peat. bogs und _published reports on four-fifths of this are, | a0 that anyone withing to go into the manu- facture of this fuel' has the very: best scien- tifit data available as a basix for his opera tions. In: Ontario twenty-five 'bogs have been examined, of which seven, containing 26,500,000 tons of peat~fuel, 'are within | easy shipping. distance of Toronto. hat "Peat, Looks Like, "Most citizens of Canuda who have not had the good fortune to be born in' the Emerald Isle do not know what peat' looks-| like, 'It is black or very dark brown in color, light in weight, and is usually 'made in blocks sbout the size of an: ordinary | building brick. It does not burn as long | as coal, but it-gives off .an almost, white, | finely-divided ssh. and produces no. clinkers | fat all, It'gives off hardly any smoke, burns | vith w bright, clear flame, deposits no: soot, | atid is therefore » much cleaner fuel. "A old newspaper will readily start it burning. It is therefore vei suitable for. spritig and fall use where x fire js needed only during the day or for» part | of the day. For use in. an open grate or cook stove it is ideal. 'The heating value of peat fuel as com- pared with that of good anthracite is a 5 ig to-9 ;, 'that is one ton. of anthracite | is equal in fuel yalue to 1.8, or nearly two tons, of. peat. One. of its chief disadvan- tages is its large bulk,; for it takes three and a half to four times as inuch space: to store it as it does of antliracite of equal heating value. vePhe misin process in-the manufacture of | ipeat. fuel is the extraction, of the water | from the raw pest. If you-were to analyzé 2° 10-Ib; shovelful of wet peat just as it is | dug out of the bog, you would 'find that nine pounds 'of it was water and the te- 'maining one pound solid matter. The-prob- Jem isto drive-off that 90 per cent. of | ---- DON'T SEND OUT OF TOWN FOR PHONOGRAPHS OR SUPPLIES THERE IS ONLY ONE' PRICE all over Canada, and you get that price in| Barrie 'the same as else- where, besides the added advantage of "seeing and hearing before you buy." You also save express, postage, money orders; etc. Just as advantage- ous terms are also given, Lae and perfect' satisfaction is guaranteed. , REMEMBER- there is sonly one price in Canada. You can buy.Disc or Cyl- inder Phonographs and Records in: Barrie for the; samme price you can get them in Toronto or else- -where..: : BUY AT. HOME and save money and bother. : |to alter the chemival composition of the || been analyzed by the: Government this prob- On Lincoln Peat Machine ~ ~ Que Water in the cheapest possible way." Many devices have been invented to accomplish this. One endeavors to squeeze the water out by immense' power presses, another to drive it off by evaporation through the up- plicution of heat, while' still shother tries peut, so that it will the more readily give up its moisture when pressure is upplied. All, 'however, have proved economically un successful except the good-old-natural meth- qd of drying by the action of the sun and the wind. In Russia and Sweden, the twe largest peat-producing cbuntries in Europe, this method "has: ousted -all other Tt has the udviintage of cheapness, bub the dis adyantage of a short working season (ubout 110 days in Canad), and of placing the ) operator at the mercy of the weather, ~ Millions Wasted The solid miatter in raw peat is mude up of fibres of certain 'mosses and aquatic plants, and contains a peculiar jelly-like | substance known chemically us hydro-eel- | lulose. It is safe 'to' say that millions of dollars have been wasted in trying to de- | sign thetheds und machinery to' extract the water from peat, which could have been | saved, had the promoters at the beginning engaged the services of ah expert chemist ; for wet peut possesses the properties of 4 colloid, -resisting all attempts' to remove water by pressure. The'chemist would hi told them' at' once, that peat, being like the colloids, did .not lend itself to the ex- traction of the water no matter how great the pressure applied. This. hydro-cellulose also forms. a sort of skin on the surface | of the peat blocks as they dry, helping' to | conduct the «interior moisture to the. out- | side, where it' is absorbed by the air; -but | preventing the entrance of mioisture into | the block from, the outside. Thus, peat | bibeks in process of drying during wet weather do not absorb the rain, but the | drying is merely arrested 'until the rain | stops and the sun comes out again, ~An- other very important function of the hydro- | cellulose. is to 'bind the purticies of peat | together like a glue. . | The-first thing to consider in going into | the manufacture of peat fuel is the Log | from which to: obtain the raw.peat. 'These differ in quality und_it- is necessary to | choose one yieldingG wethhumified pest of | good héat-producing properties. As sampl of 'most of th readily "accessible bogs ha' Jem presents no great difficulties. . Then, | too, one must see that the peat deposit is deep enoygh to justify the expenditure 'of money on' plant. If,a. bog is only three | feet deep, it would 'not pay to buy un ex- | pensive power excavator, " Such be developed in only w small way by, band | iabor, If, however, the peat is five or six feet 'deep or more, and there is a sufficiently large area it would 'likely pay. to spend considerable money on a power excavator. Preparatory to beginning operations, 'the. hog should be thoroughly drained. 3E faih mainly bees the Proved fature mainly Beene he i i Fie ees it in Operation at. Farnham , bec ' |fore equivalent to over 4,500,000 tons, of 'be conducted great distances through mains, bog could |" EEE. it) ee hone ee Mite sold to householders"in, Ottawa ajg$3.50 a | ton. It was so satisfactory' th i small quantity available could not begif® to sup- | ply the demand. ' The 'plant und bog were sold in 1912 to | a Toronto capitalist, who put. in improved | machinery, but the concern went into li | quidation in the fall of 1914, after having | manufactured u lith® over 2,000 tons of | peat fuel. 'The cuuse of the liquidation was | the inability to procure further capital due to the war. It was sold under liquidator's sale in October, 1916, to. Peterborough in- | terests, who, it is' said, intend to resume | opérations 'Toronto, in' the natural course of events, |" would obtain peat fuel from the Holland peat bog, which is the largest in Canada, | und is situafed at 'Bradford on the Grand Trunk Railway, some 42 miles distant, Its } reais 14,641 acres; of which 5,556 acres is overlain by peat from 5 to 29 feet in depth, and is therefore eapable of develop- ment 'on a large stale by machinery. The Sortion contains 8,200,000 tons of peat fuel, having 25 per cent. moisture, and is there- anthracite' coal. Has Many Other Uses Fuel is- not.the "only use to which this very useful substance can be put. The) lower grades of wheat which are: not so well humified. are used as a fertilizer under the name of moss litter. A by-product of, this is peat mull, which bas important, antiseptic properties and is extensively used. for pack- ing' plants.and fruits. In Europe peat is used. to generate elec- trie power. Sometimes, it is burned under | a boiler to produce steam for operating 8 | steain engine, but it cannot compete in this ' respect with a good steam coal, costing $5 | a ton or less, "The most ecanomical way; | however, of producing power from pest is by roasting it' in a producer-gas plant to get. a, fiiel gas that, 'by: meant of a gas} engine and a dynamo, generates electricity which may be, transmitted anywhere iri, the ordinary way, The gai produced may also | just us coal gas is in our cities, and used for heating, and lighting, or fuel purposes. Powdered peat. is also-coming..to the front rapidly: for firing boilers, for use in making cement and for metallurgical purposes ; in fact, wherever a great heat is required. 'An exceedingly important by-product ob- tained in the gfoduiction.of gas from peat in a by-productfrecovery-producer gas. plant is sulphate of jaihmonia, -a: fertilizer meh. in nitrogen. Indeed, Canadian peat bogs are noted for thiir rich nitrogen content. The 'thirteen Ontario' bogs already examined by the Mines Branch contain about 1.3 per cent, of nitrogen, capable of producing no less than 1,300,000' tons of .ammonjum sul- phate, The power. gas produced in this operation would generate 40,000 horse-- power continuously dey and night for = hundred years. A Narrow Excape Messrs. ian Mi oF ees ee re scence ee Ton An rep" Peat M kore A Tor ic Bear Sprenee at e P Aifted Bog | News from Neighboring Townships As Told by Our Correspondents THORNTON Feb, 20--Jas, A. Lennox spent over Sui day with his father, Thos.-Lennox, in Tor- 'onto. . Mrs. Trimble of Flesherton 'is visiting Yor a few weeks with her daughter, Mrs. W. T. Hodgson. Mrs. John Crossley has gone-on a few weeks' visit to her: daughter, Mrs. 'Walter Milligan. Miss: Georgie Bo: 'recently. Mis entertained a nugber of young people st the home of Mr Nad Mrs. R. E. Coulter on Wednesday eventig list 'The. Women's Lngigbute concert on Val: entine's night in Yd of Field Comforts 'nd Halifax Relief Was greeted with the unbounded succes? which it deserved. The enlarged stage wus tastefully decorated with, hearts, darts, cupid' etc., and the arrange- ments throughout the.evening, were almost jierfect, not 2 single hitch occurring to nur its success: The programme was com- meticed by sinc? fa stanza of "Thé Maple Leaf."- One of -the features of the evening war the fine orchestra. his sons never hesitate to-contribute their. share in music. The solos by Miss Bruce were muth enjoyed, and Mr. Hodgson who Ix aways to, be relied pn when there is work to be done was "at his best. in his. solos. Miss McKnight was simply .inimjtable in her comic recitation, "Saunders" MeGlas- han's Courtship," while Miss Mildred Henry favored the audience with w-pstriotic poem. The two little folks in their duet caused much merriment. The quartettes were ex- ceptionally good, the various parts 'being admirably sustained. An essay, "She hath done what she could" written by the Presi- dent, Mrs.' James A. Jamieson for the oc- easion was listened "to*with rapt attention. visited Stroud friends 'Rev. Mr. Somierville's Valentine ddress contained many hints to the unwary. The play presented by eight Cookstown students was one of the chief attractions, 'as all did so well, We cannot. single out' any- par- ticular churacter for speeial'mention, but the twelve-bonnie. lussies in the "May Fole" drill won the. hetirts of all. Much.credit is due Miss Strangway, the Killyleagh teach- er for hér untiring efforts with her pupils. 'The four. girls who so kindly consented to sell the home-made candy were adepts at Iessening 'the weights of- theit baskets. Many thanks are due Mrs. J. A. Lennox 'for lending her pians. The Institute is in- debted to Mr. W. C. Henry as, chairman, and Rev: T. J. Dew as accompanist for their share in making this, concert one of the most successful ever held in Thérntox. In filling their respective positions these gentlemen cannot be excelled or surpassed. Proceeds amotinted to $75.00. 'i 'OH DOCTOR" i Entertainment of. « very light, variety js the most popular form of 'amusement on the stege todsy, for during these. War Times people welcome 'a relaxation from their worries. Consequently theatrical man- agers realize this and endeavor to caver to the 'public's wants. But the great fault is ithe' fact that the comedy-is carried so fer that it becomes silly or fidiculous. . Hi ever, such is not the case with "Oh Docto: the latest and best musical comedy offering of the Woodhall Amusement Compaby, for this company through long experience "in this field, never allow their performers to overdo. their comedy parts or "pull" any- like basis, One of the first things Dr. Haanel did, therefore, was to establish an gzper- mental plant on-a big pest bog at Alfred, Ontario, 40 miles from Ottawa. -An expert péat engineer was brought out from, Sweden and placed in charge. The plant turned 'out about 3,000 blocks of peat blocks. ia 'the summers of 1910 and.1911 at a cost daying "for a few days with her sister Mrs. Blough, ' Hamilton. : apd, "Mrs. fs | i yn-Cofilter and Miss Della Mayes | Mr. Lennox' and [s Velma Crawford. - STROUD | Feb, 12--Miss Margaret "Barclay pont | the: week-end' with her parents hep: George Green' of Dundalk and W of Alliston , are visitors at Lot.. Webb' John Allan of Swift Current, Sask, ed friends. here last week. © : Mr. and Mrs, Peter Spring rel. Misses Eva Spring and Irene Martin cf Toronto" spent the week-end' with friends heré. Mr. and Mrs, Warrington Hughes were' week-end visitors with Me. and Mrs. John Huzho« 'Owing' to. the roads being blocked: oa Bune iy Mr. Clements preached "the Pres- || b Mrs. Burtton is visiting her sister srs Wim. Wright, who. has been very ill hut ix improving slowly Stroud, welcomes Pte. Janded. home: this week. weeks' 'visit with his parents he has to return to a Toronto hi al to undergo | Alvin Wenb, who | After » couple of | Point is viating. her cousin Miss Jessie Webb. ° MINESING (Mrs. Geo. Crawford is undergoing medical treatment. at the hospital in Barrie. Miss Norma McKinley has returned after | visiting with friends in Wyevale. Pte. Earl. Crawford spent the week-end at his home. . Word has' been received that Pte. Joseph: 'Orchard has arrived in' France. Mrs. McKinley has been on the sick list. Miss Lena Orchatd has 'returned home after visiting with friends in Toronto. . 'A very successful box social was held in the hall under the auspices of the Minesing 'Athletic Association. Games were played and then the boxes were 'auctioned. off, all inging good prices. Later on jn the vening an-exciting time was made by the coal oil stove which was used to heat water. got on fire and made giiite an excitement for a few minutes. The stove was. soon landed outside, however, before any damage was done.- S EDENVALE. Feb, 19--Miss Elsie White of Toronto spent the week-end with her cousin, Miss Miss Mabel Fralick "has. returned home from Uxbridge, accompanied by her' uncle, R. Bailey. : 'The locals*Women's Institute have' post: | poned their pit social. and may -have it 'some time later. 'Don't think -of- coming. till you see posters... Quite u number from' hete attended the box social at Minesinig last week and report a good and exciting time. Word was received on- Friday afternoon from Ptes: Fred. Maw and Horace Hotchin that .they were 'about to leave for. overseas in the evening. Pte, J. E, Crawford and J, H. Maw Sun- dayed with friends in Sunnidale. \ ESSA COUNCIL ; Essa Council met on Feb. 8, with all: th members present. The resignation 'of R.. F. Lowrie aé coun- cillor was received ind accepted, as was also that of A. W. Fletcher as treasurer of. the township. AA bylaw was passed appointing Robt: F. --$--<$<--$---- A in. te ui j If you have any. news items, ring up The Examiner- Phone 194 February. is- supplying rapid umber of: "including jitore. |GARRETT'S OPERA HOUSE THE COLUMBIA GRAFONOLA There is.a Columbia Grafonola for your home, at any price you may desire to pay. There is a Columbia dealer at your. service, whose pleasure it will be to show you the models which you may desire to see, and to hear. Regardless of the price you pay; the Columbia Gréfonola' which' you buy will bea high-clasy musical, instrument. 'In clearness und/resonance; and in appear- ance it is, certain'to be equally gratify- ing. It will be an ornament to your home, a source of daily enjoyment to your family, 2 delight to your friends, The Columbia Grafonola brings you the 'best' music' af the world. . Opera, ballads, popular songs, instrumental. or- chestrgl and band selections, the most rhythmic and compelling dance' music--- thé Columbia Grafonolir offers therhy, all. Call. on your Columbis "dealer, and wusic you ould in? you with ia will he' Will gladly play say. ike to hear. Let hiny ney 'the Grafonola, and the Grafon do the-rest, : MUSIC STORE P. O. Box 178 Phone 259 Friday 'and Saturday FEB. 22 AND 23 CHARLIE CHAPLIN --IN-- "THE FIREMAN" ONE LONG LAUGH Seé Charlie drive 4 fire reel backwards. In addition 'to above. picture we \will show .«.>% Ann Murdock, "starring in" Mutual's : --IN--. "PLEASE HELP EMILY" Comedy Drama in 5 Acts: