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'C THE DATDY TIMNU-GANRTYE, Pelfiuy, August W, 195 | Editorials Whitby) published by Times-Gazette Publishers Limited Street South, Oshawa, Ontario British Defence Effort Is Taxing Nation's Resources "Few people have any full understand- we ing or knowledge of the tremendous de- fence effort which is being made by Great Britain. In a booklet issued by the British office of information, however, a graphic picture i8 given of the tremen- dous sacrifices of manpower and re- sources now being made, This is being done, not alone for home defence purposes but to meet commitments of the country in many parts of the world. For instance, a world map shows the places where British forces are either in action or are stationed. Outside of the British Isles, there are British armed forces in Gibraltar, Jamaica, Bermuda, British Honduras, Malta, Cyprus, Cyrena- ica, West Africa, Nairobi, Aden, East Af- rica, Central Africa, South Africa, Suez Canal Zone, Persian Gulf, Ceylon. Singa- pore, Hong Kong and the Fiji Islands. There are British troops in Korea, where they did their share of the fighting. There is another force in Malaya, also in action. And there is a sizable British force in Germany _-and elsewhere in Eu- rope. These forces outside of Britain in- clude, Royal Navy, army and Air Force units. , This shows the far flung extent of Britain's defence commitments, which have resulted in there being, at the pre- sent time, some 1,392,600 men and wo- men enrolled in the armed services. There are 816,800 in the army, including re- serves. The Royal Navy has an enrolment of 167,200 persons, and there are 408,500 in the Royal Air Force. This does not include the vast numbers of trained ve- terans and former national service men ready for service in an emergency. The total defence expenditures take |} up 35 per cent of the entire national bud- get. But even more of a sacrifice is the fact that the burden of defence is felt most heavily in the absorption of re- sources that could be used for exports. High exports are the key to the British economy. They are essential to the main- tenance of a large defence program. So, with commitments all over the world, and these being met faithfully, the British people are surely making a tre- mendous effort to keep their end up in the vital task of upholding the free world. Starting Early On The Trip Most people, when planning to set out on a automobile trip make up their minds to make an early start in order to escape the congestion on the highways. If an early start is to be made, then they have to make an early start to bed t!.e night before. But this will mean mis- ging a favorjte TV program, or going to bed when tHey do not feel sleepy. Since they have not gone to bed early, they will be reluctant when the time comes to get up early. They will convince them- selves that 15 minutes more in bed will - not cause serious delay. Before setting out, they must eook and eat breakfast and wash the dishes. They must complete the packing of night- cloths, hairbrushes, combs, tooth brushes and razors which could not be packed be- cause they had to be used. * That done, they must make the rounds of the house to see that all the doors and windows are locked, *$het no lights are left on in the attic, and no water taps left dripping. Then just as the baggage is stowed away in the car and the engine is running, they will hear the telephone ringing and go back to answer the call, or they will remember that they did not put out the note for the milkman. Thus, when they reach the highway it will no longer be early. They will con- sole themselves that, at least, other peo- ple who made an early start will be out of their way. But they are mistaken. In- stead; they will run into the masses of people who found making an early start as hopeless as they did.. Russia's Clowns Are Not Funny Even the official government news- paper of the Soviets complains that the clowns in Russia are no longer funny. In fact there are only 18 such fellows left in that vast nation of many millions, and evidently they can find nothing to laugh about. As a result, the circus which was once a thriving Russian institution has reached the grade of being third rate. For one matter the clowns cannot get out of Russia to see what other clowns are doing and imitate their more successful acts and, with their own line of tricks and gags worn thin, where are the Rus- sian clowns to find any new incentive for their art? asks the Watertown N.Y. Times. Meanwhile a bureau grinds out what is thought proper for the clowns to use and how can such handed down mat- erial prove either lively or gay? While the Soviets claim themselves to be the creators of practically every Editorial Notes Here is a good slogan for settlers, from the Canadian Forestry Association--"Put your waste land to growing greenbacks." About now returning vacationists are finding that the pictures they drove hun- dreds of miles to take are all out of focus. The Daily Times-Gazette Published "TIMES-GAZETTE PUBLISHERS 57 Simcoe Street South, Oshawa The Datly Iimes-Gazette (Osha Whi combining The Oshawa [limes (established 70 ty ne Whi Gazette & Ch 3! 1863) 1s publi daily DAILY AVERAGE NET PAID CIRCULATION FOR JULY 12,432 modern invention one hears nothing being said about théir having originated the most 'amusing clowns. Nor is that to be wondered. Humor can scarcely be called an element common to the Soviet regime. Humor demands balance, an ability to see both sides of the incongruous, the toler- ance which springs from good nature, the perception which prevents from taking one's self too seriously and the freedom which encourages spontaneity. But not even good-natured quips are allowed in Soviet Russia. You cannot make fun of a bum since they are said not to be present in that country. It would be unpardonable to jest. about those of any other race, and as for joking about government officials and least of all the portly Malenkov, that would probably win a life sentence at backbreaking labor in the Siberian mines, if not immediate tor- ture and death. Bit Of Verse WEAVE SKY AND SEA Like a small shuttle in my hand The seashell lies. And in us heart The thread of sound is hoarded fast, Wound thin and close in spiraled core. I feel its inner meaning burn And thrili against my ringers' fold Ag though some spheric music sought To burst and join with sea, with air; As though a wing inside an egg Dreamed suddenly of flight, of sun, Anc wildly throbbed to rise and go, '0 mix with light, to coast on space! It holds the spiraled secret fast In fortressed whorl. Yet distantly Its kinship circles, touching all. Here in my hand the sky--the sea ! DOLORES CAIRNS Bible Thoughts The Saviour is God's Gift offered to the whole world. "The Father sent the Son to be the Saviour of the world." (I John 4:14); The Holy Spirit is God's Gift bestowed upon every believer. "He shall give you another Com- forter, . . the Comforter, Which is the Holy Ghost, Whom the Father will send in My name." (John M: 16, 26.) 15 MATTER IS BEING LOOKED INTO BY AN {MPARTIAL 27-8 COMMITTEE .... PARIS LETTER Mendes - France And E.D.C. Agreement By FRANCES KNECHT Special Correspondent To The Daily Times-Gazette PARIS -- In my recent letter I wrote that M Mendes-France would meet his most difficult task in Brussels. In fact, it was too difficult; for the first time the French Premier has tackled some- thing beyond his possibilities. and very probably beyond the possi- bilities of anyone. In short, after suceeeding in his endeavor to settle successively the problems of Indo-China, Tu- nisia, and the economic restora- tion of the country, M. Mendés- France felt the necessity for his country to deal with the problem of the German re-armament with- out further delay. It must be remembered that the idea of a European defence com- munity "E.D.C." started about five years ago when the promoters of the United States of Europe de- cided that a political federation (a European assembly with super- national powers) was too ambi- tious. TWO OPPOSED It was then that the coal and steel community was created be- tween France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and Luxem- bourg, which was to be followed by a defence agreement between the same countries. Four of these countries, Germany, Belgium, Hol- land, and Luxembourg, have al- ready ratified the treaty. Only France and Italy said they would not do it before the end of the ear because of the Stroup opposi- ion both governments felt in the two countries against the treaty. Very courageously Mendes France thought the country had to make up her mind, so he con- ceived a plan supposed to be ac- ceptable assemblies. : First of all this plan had to be approved by the French govern- ment. This was done with the exception 'of three ministers who gave in their resignation. Then it ad to be accepted by the five other partners in Brussels. This endeavour proved a failure. DIFFERENCE OF OUTLOOK The Press has reported the wide difference in the outlook of the six participating countries. In short the Benelux countries and Germany whose views were wide- ly supported in the background by the United States found it impos- sible to agree to three of the main modifications suggested by M. Mendes-France: 1. For a period of eight years the super-national powers of the "Commisairat" will be suspended, y a majority in both Tp gael country having a right of "veto". 2. Each country will be able to leave the community in the case of Germany becoming reunited. 3. The treaty will be brought to an end in case of the withdraw- al from Europe of British and American forces. The question is, what will be the next ep? Political observers agree that the French parliament will have to take its responsibil ities and vote on the treaty in its original form just as if the com- promise of M. Mendes-France had never existed. All the same the forecast on the vote is most uncer- tain. Parliament, like the country at large, is widely divided on the question of the "E.D.C.". LESSER EVIL While Mendes-France and many of the deputies belonging to the different ng are violently op- posed to the treaty in its original form, because it puts Germany on the same footing as the other par- ticipating countries, many others e bert Schuman and M. Andre Philip consider the treaty as being the lesser evil, they know that if the treaty is not ratified Germany will in any case be rearmed by the United States. At a moment when France is going to take a very important decision for her future the ques- tion is not to know whether M. Mendes-France will remaid or not the chief of government. At. the moment when the 10th anniver- sary of the liberation of Paris is celebrated with great pride, no Frenchman is indifferent to the problem of re-arming Germany. In a country which has been at- tacked without provocation three times in the last three-quarters of a century the feelings are still very bitter against the Germans. ese are not political feelings, but national sentiments. It must be remembered that the opposition to the "E.D.C." comes chiefly from the Communists -- who only follow the instructions il from Moscow -- and from the Gaulists -- whose patriotic and Nation gentiments cannot be mis- judged -- who hate the Commun- ists, and at the same time don't like the Germans. It might be added that for the man in the street the problem of re-arming Germany appears a ra- ther simple one. Personally I've heard people saying with the good common sense, so characteristic of the French nation: If America wants ro re-arm Germany let her do it, but in the era of atomic weapons we do not' see in any case what 10 or 20 more divisions will add to the strength of Europe. Be Ready With Answers To Attacks, Teachers Told TORONTO (CP)--Alice Ogden of St. Catharines, president of the ted Ontario Women Teachers' Federa- tion, Wednesday criticized On- tario's 15,500 women teachers for showing "fear and indifference" to- wards attacks being made on Cana- dian education. Addressing 400 delegates to the federation's annual meeting, Miss Ogden urged the teachers to recog- nize their importance and take a more active part in answering critics. : She said teachers don't know the answers to charges being made against "progressive'"' education nor to the teacher shortage and qualification problems. "The time has come to take a second look at ourselves." A federation committee submit- a report saying teachers de- grade their calling when they air petty grievances before the world. The report said teachers are "literally living on a television screen, constantly watched, criti- cized, praised, discussed and re- ponte upon . . . yet the public as a ertain affection for us, com- ing quickly to our defence fully as often as it chides us." The federation announced the award of five student teacher aid bursaries of each to high school girls planning to enter On- tario Teachers' College this fall. Contestants had to average 75 per cent in their grade 13 departmental examinations. Winners included Iona Zimmer, Guelph, Charles Nolan CWNA Director TORONTO (CP) -- William B. Sawdon was today elected presi- dent of the Canadian Weekly News- papers Association at the assoei ation's 35th annual convention. Mr, Sawdon is publisher-owner of the twice-weekly Sackville, N. B., Trib- - une-Post, Directors for Ontario are G. A. Scott, Gananoque Reporter; E, A, Spence, Strathroy Age-Dispatch; Charles Nolan, Stoufville Tribune; Werden Leavens, Bolton Enter prise. DENVER (AP)--President Eis- enhower today signed legislation outlawing the Communist party in the United States. The history-making measure the president approved at his vacation eadquarters here also is designed to crack down on Red-infiltrated labor unions. The measure provides that the Communist party shall be denied legal rights available to all other political parties. Instead of making individual party membership illegal, the bill provides that a member of any organization found to be a Com- munist action group is subject to the penalties of the Internal Secur- ity Act. The section of the bill aimed at cracking down on Communist-dom- inated labor unions is based on the Taft-Hartley labor law and the Subversive Activities Control Act. It provides that if the subversive activities control board finds a un- ion is Communist infiltrated, the union loses its benefits and priv- ileges under the Labor-Manage- ment Relations Act--such as col- lective bargaining rights and use of the facilities of the national labor relations board. Men Would Take Cut To Save Jobs MILLTOWN, N. B. (CP)--Textile workers here volunteered Wednes- day night to take a cut in wages in a last-ditch effort to save their jobs. The union employees of tex- tile Sales, Ltd., agreed to make "reasonable sacrifices' if the re- duction in operating costs would enable the St. Croix mill to keep open. It was learned also that the town council of Milltown is ready to make an all-out attempt to save the mill. The community's only in- dustry is scheduled to be shut down in about three weeks, and the working force is being pared stead- ly. An authoritative source said the town will likely offer a tax-free concession to Textile Sales, Ltd., for one year, with the provision that the company guarantee that the mill keep open for at least that long. The town has been receiving about $50,000 annually in taxes from the plant. Claim Woodside Nomination Wrong TORONTO (CP)--Charges that improper means were used to nom- inate Wilson Woodside as a federal Progressive Conservative candi- date for Trinity riding in Toronto will be heard at a special meeting of the riding association executive. The Charges were made by de- feated candidate Stanley Frolick. In a letter to riding association president Gordon Mitchell, Frolick claims the credentials issued to nomination delegates were twice the number of paid-up members, that some of his qualified sup- porters were prevented from vot ing. that others living outside the riding voted, and that some them used fictitious addresses. Viscount plan etaoin etaoi etaio PHONE 3-3492 For CLASSIFIED ADS The Times-Gazette OTTAWA REPORT May Submit New | Defence Formula OTTAWA--A mother's grave an- jety about a dying child is no deeper than the anguish felt in Ottawa this week while Canada's infant, the North Atlantic Pact, is facd with dtath in European conference rooms, So serious is the outlook that Ottawa has been exploring the pos- sibility that Canada might step in with some formula acceptable to all our European allies. Italy, Belgium, Holland, West Germany and Luxemburg have vir- tually accepted the proposal for an international defence army con- trolled by a supranational defence ministry. This plan to set up a European Defence Community has been ratified by the parliaments of all those countries except Italy. Now the sixth member of the pro- posed alliance, France, has shat- tered the proposal by refusing to join it except upon conditions un- acceptable to the other five na- ons. It is widely recbgnized, eéspe- cially in Washington, that the de- fence of Western Europe against possible Russian aggression would be impossible without the aid of West German manpower. EDC was a proposal which would put Ger- mans into uniform in defence of the west without admitting West Germany to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and without laying the foundations for a huge German military revival which would threaten France with yet another assault. West German di- visions, integrated within a Euro- pean Army, would be balanced by the divisions of .the other coun- tries, and would not form an in- dependent army capable of inde- pendent assault. HAS OLD FEARS Overrun three times by Germany in a lifetime, France now says that West Germany alone in EDC would be acceptable to her, with these safeguards; but if East Ger- many should reunite with West Germany, then together they would dominate EDC and might offer a renewed threat to France. The young new French premier put forward proposals to overcome this fear; proposals so severe they emasculated the proposed interna- tional defence project. Without them, he said, his government would fall and would almost cer- tainly be succeeded by a left coalition. But with them, said We: Germany's Chancellor, Konrad Ad- enauer, his government would fall * and be succeeded by a left wing government opposed to EDC. up bs compe nage broke up in complete In Ottawa, London and Washing- ton, this was regarded as the end of the EDC plan; worse, without the international army, NATO's defence of Western Europe looks hopeless. So this development might mark the beginning of the break-up of the North Atlantic Pact upon which so many far-sighted Hatesien io Je Atlantic Cottuin- ave bul so many hopes. ese include our own prime mine ister and our own Mike Pearson, as well as President Eisenhower and many Europeans. NORTH AMERICAN LEAD France's premier has visited Britain's Churchill for urgent talks. Here in Ottawa it is assumed he asked Churchill whether Britain would not also join EDC. Churchill replied, one expects, that Britain could not commit her armed forces to an international command when she has defence responsibilities all around the world in the Common- wealth. Mendes-France, one may guess, replied '"We too." . United States intervention behind the scenes played a very damag- ing role in all these delicate nego- tiations; United States' direct par- ticipation in EDC however would have set it rolling. But Ottawa knows that Washington cannot take such a decisive step in foreign policy on the eve of her mid- term election. Thus Ottawa has this week examined the possibility that Canada might give a lead. It was decided, in the circum- stances, to chance a delay until after the American elections. But several highly placed people here believe Canada could have turned the trick by telling her allies we would place our forces now sta- tioned in Europe under the com- mand of the E overall general. ship if Britain and the Sta and the EDC countries would do the same, Thus, and only thus, the desired objective, of NATO's defence and foreign policy coming under uni< fied central control, would have been brought appreciably nearer. McCarthy Probe To Fore In Congress Just Ended By DOUGLAS B, CORNELL WASHINGTON (AP) -- Blering headlines on investigations di- rected by and at Senator Joseph McCarthy made up a spectacular segment of the record of the 83rd United States Congress just ended. The big sensation was the stormy, 36-day feud between the Wisconsin Republican senator and high army officials. With the ver- dict still not in on that one, the Senate has some unfinished bus- iness left on another growing partly from it--an inquiry starting 'Tuesday into charges behind de- against themselves, Congress passed a law to take away this immunity under some conditions. In its place, the witnesses would get immunity from prosecution in 'ederal courts for any testimony they would be compelled to give, Republicans as well as Dem- crats have produced one major offshoot of the investigations-- de- mands that Congress police its committees in some way and set up a code of fair practices designed to meet criticisms that inquiries have spawned abuses and mis treatment of witnesses. mands that the Senate censure Mc- Carthy's conduct, Congressional committees dug into housing scandals, racketeer- ing, crime on the waterfronts. Three of them went after Com- munists in and out of government. The House of Representatives un-American activities committee tried to subpoena former pres- ident Truman and got a rap on the knuckles from President Eisen- however. Scores of witnesses invoked the fifth amendment on questions about communism. Some were fired or suspended from jobs with the government, in defence plants or in schools and colleges. Some were gited for contempt of Con- gress, a step toward trials in court. With so many witnesses using the constitutional amendment guaran- teeing that they need not testify CARE IN WASHING Most children regard soap-and- water as just a nuisance yet they should be taught to make a regu- lar practice of washing their hands before eating, so that germs m not be passed from their soil hands to food. King George V made his first Christmas Day address to the Em- pire in 1932. Note Our New Address Sharp Electric Co. 140 Simcoe St. S. Dial 3-8214 "SA A Gala reat Cunarder! Here is somethin, cellent FIRST CLASS and TO! 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