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#4 THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE, Tuesday, July 29, 1958 Lake High Water Causing Big Loss| United States ay engineers, in a survey cted during May of this year, estimate damage from high water along the shores of the Great Lakes, at $61,353,000, an ar- ticle in a recent issue of The Saturday Evening Post states. SPECTACULAR DAMAGE Thousands of properties along sie the lakes on both the Canadian and U.S. shores have been "spectacu- larly damaged," the articles writ- ten by Harold Titus, adds. "The behavior of the lakes when imperling men and his works is not like that of a great river in . flood," the Post writer states. "Al- though there are dramatic occa- sions when a hasty retreat to safety is imperative, in general, the men- ace has more the measured, fate- ful quality of an advancing glacier. One other difference is that the periods of danger are not so easily predictable as are the crests of river floods." The article sets forth in detail some of these so-called spectacular instances, then it proceeds to probe the causes. This is the subject of discussioff among thouands of the estimated 13,000,000 U.S. and the 4,000,000 Ontario residents who oc- cupy property on the lake shore. "Great Lakes stages have been recorded since 1860. They are reck- oned as height above sea level at meantide at New York. Of the five great bodies of water, only Lakes Michigan and Huron register an identical height above the sea. This because their connecting waterway --the Strait of Mackinac--is so wide and deep that flow is virtually unrestricted. CONSTANT FLUCTUATIONS "Fluctations are constant and are both long and short range. The long-range has been as greai as six feet, while in a single year, Lake Onfario for example, has shown a variation of nearly three feet. The established pattern is that a rise begins as snow melts, does not peak until mid-summer and is down again by fall, continu- ing to drop through the winter. "This means fortunately that the seasons of protracted winds gen- erally find the stages below maxi- mum. But last year the pattern was broken, The summer levels did not retreat except in Lake Superior and as a result, this year's spring build-up had a flying start. That gave March and April gales -- generally of only a few hours duration -- a chance to dem- onstrate what may happen this au- tumn when the commonly-expected three-day storms lash the lakes. "Temporary extreme stages at given points may be caused either by winds or by erratic barometric pressure. In 1942, under the drive of a southwest gale, water at the Buffalo end of Lake Erie was 10 feet higher than at Toledo, 210 miles away. TIDAL WAVES Rapidly moving highs and lows in barometric pressure will cause what residents call tidal waves; variations of six feet in a matter of minutes have been recorded. Oldtimers of the region declare that levels change every 'seven or 11 yards, but official records go- ing back to 1860 yield no evidence of such eycles. "The causes of major changes in the stages are wholly natural. Al- though connecting channels have been deepened and diversions made, these have had far less ef- fect than many believe. Rainfall is actually the big determining fac- tor -- how much of it there is, how fast it runs off the land on which it falls and how quickly it flows to- ward the sea. A related factor of tremendous importance, of course, is the amount of evaporation that takes place. "For example, the area of land and water draining through the 8t. Clair River covers 220,000 square miles, on which an average of 30 inches of rain or equivalent snow falls annually, Yet the flow of the stream accounts for only 11% inches of that rainfall; the rest is carried off by evaporation. '""Any marked increase in rain- fall, however, would upset the precipitation-evaporation balance both directly--because there would be more rain to handle--and in- directly--because there would be few hot dry, days of high evapora- tion. And last autumn United States Weather Bureau spokesmen announced that the current lake- area rainfall was the greatest since the 1880's. Furthermore, under a rising curve of precipitation, the upward movement of lake levels always lags. This meant that the peak stage probably still lay ahead, regardless of how little 1952 might bring, although reports of damage had already begun to pile up in the summer of 1951. ALARM FOR 1952 "In September the Michigan Water Resources Commission was sufficiently alarmed to call a con- ference of state and federal agencies which brought the prob- lem sharply to public attention and heightened apprehension, In Feb- ruary of this year the Army Engin- eers released a table showing levels which the lake might reach in 1952, The maximum predicted rise was 22 feet for Lakes Michigan and Huron. That may not sound like much but all the lakes have to do to make headaches and headlines aplenty is to stay right where they were last winter until this year's bad November storms strike, Bert Robb, chairman of Michigan's State Flood Relief Council, says that 100,000 persons in the Detroit Histropolitan area alone may be affected by what he calls the "'state's creeping disaster." "All along the Great Lakes new residential developments, in keep- ing with the recent trend toward increased construction of rural housing for urban workers, have followed the beaches far beyond municipal, limits. Unfortunately, however, few of the promoters and investors seem to have taken into consideration the fact that water levels Jractuste fad the toll, in terms personal anguish has un- Soubtedly far exceeded the dollar "The files of public agencies are filling with poignant: let- rainfall | ters from citizens whose entire savings had been put into buying homes that either have been dam- aged or are now menaced. CHICAGO, NORTH DIVERSIONS "As conditions get worse au- thorities are receiving more -and more demands for action of one sort of another. Two particularly insistent demands concern the diversion of water. One is that more water be sent through the Chicago Drainage Canal; the other is that the Province of Ontario be made to stop dumping into Lake Superior waters which naturally flowed into Hudson Bay. "In 1892 Chicago and certain suburbs reversed the Chicago River's flow to simplify sewage dis- posal. Normally the stream emptied into Lake Michigan, but the divide between it and "the Mississippi watershed was low, so a canal was cut and Chicago's sewage began moving toward the Mississippi in- stead of contaminating Lake Michi- gan, source of the city's water sup- ply. Other uses of the diversion were for electric power and main- taining navigation channels . . . Now bills are before Congress to permit Chicago to divert up to 3,- 100 cubic feet per second and some groups are demanding this be in- creased many times . . . "Diversion from the Hudson Bay watershed into Lake Superior at its northernmost bulge began in 1937, when the flow of Long Lake --25 miles north of Superior --was reversed in the interests of power development, In 1943, nearby Ogoki River was also turned backward and between them the two pro- jects have accounted for 5,000 cubic feet per second. Diversion was cur- tailed last winter because of high water on the other, lower lakes, but engineers declare that the levels of Lake Huron and Michigan will eventually be raised by a mere four inches and Erie and Ontario by three. "The Ontario Power Commis- sion, which sanctioned these de- velopments has been severely along the lower lakes who resent high levels, and many a United States citizen who 20 years ago was blasting at Ghicago for draw- ing the lakes down, now directs his ire at Ontario for filling them up." Pair Sentenced For Threatening Police Officer KENORA (CP)--Two nien who threatened the life of an Ontario Provincial Police officer were sen- tenced yesterday to seven-year pen- itentiary terms. They were Joseph Vallee, 41, of Three Rivers, Que. and Francis Guy Lavalee, 29, of Alberta, des- cribed by police at the time of his capture as a man "who would shoot just as soon as look at you." Both pleaded guilty to 16 charges of breaking, entering and theft from camps along the Ontario- Manitoba boundary, and a charge of carrying offensive weapons, Vallee was captured July 13 as he attempted to swing a rifle into action when questioned by Con- stable Clifford Flewelling. Lavalee was arrested 36 hours later after threatening the same officer with a loaded shotgun. Trainmen Hurt In Collision BOLTON (CP)--Three trainmen were injured today when a Cana- dian Pacific Railway freight drawn by two locomotives sideswiped an engine on a passing track at Bol- ton station, 20 miles north of Tor- onto. The three engines and nine cars of the freight were derailed. CPR. officials sald damage was "considerable." The three men were taken to hospital at Bampton with minor injuries. They were W. G. Buchanan, Thomas Kinnear and Joseph Ryan, all of Toronto. Buchanan and Kinnear were fire. men on the freight. Ryan was a trainman. C.P.R. trains travelling between Parry Sound and Toronto were re- routed via Canadian National Rail- ways tracks while the track at Bolton was being cleared. UK. Views Five Years' Steel Plan A program to boost British steel production from 16,000,000 tons to 20,000,000 tons a year in the next five years has been published here, writes Peter Lyne, in a London dispatch to The Chrisitan Science Monitor. This program is designed to en- able Britain to fulfill its military and civilian commitments. Britain is currently the biggest steel producer in Western Europe. But Western Germany is fast catching up. The Germans actually topped British production for the single month of March this year, |, and are expected to go ahead in the next few years. ish steel output is published by the British Iron and Steel Federation, which speaks for private enter- prise in steel matters. The Churchill Government is pledged to denatiopalize the steel industry which the late Labor gov- ernment nationalized. Now the iron and steel federation has com- pleted its plans for taking over the management of the steel industry. RIGHT TARGET But whatever happens in Britain politically in the next five years-- whether the Conservatives stay in office or Labor wins power again, and rescrambles the steel industry --the Iron and Steel Federation plan is seen as about the right steel-production target for Britain, Although there is fierce political controversy in Britain over the management of the steel industry theve is recognition by practical men of both political sides that steel output must be as little af- fected as possible by these politi- cal differences. Britain cannot afford to play politics with steel when questions like peace and war and Britain's whole economic future are in the balance. So, behind the stormy political front, there is a great deal of calm co-operation going on behind scenes. Evidence of this is seen in five-year plan of the iron and steel federation. Many lessons are expected to be earned from American experience. is is shown in the report--pub- lished at the same time as the new e new plan to boost the Brit- |" steel plan--on last year's visit to' the United States by British ex- perts to study American methods. under the Anglo-American Council on Productivity scheme. TEAM FINDINGS The iron and steel federation's new five-year-plan already incor- porates many of the findings of the productivity team, according to Sir Charles Goodeve, director of the iron and steel Research Asso- ciation, who was leader of the team. Findings of the team included the fact that, while productivity is much higher in the United States, British steel continues to be the cheapest in the world, with the exception of Australia's compara- tively small output. American efficiency (which pro- duced more than 87,000,0000 metric tons in 1950, according to United Nations statistics) was found to be largely due to superior natural re- sources, larger plants, and bigger home markets. But it was also found that British methods could be improved in many ways. HUGE INVESTMENT The productivity team also reach- ed the conclusion that Britain could not possibly maintain its rel- ative position in the world unless it continued to invest in the mod- ernization of steel plants to the value of at least $168,000,000 a year, which has been the rate for the first five-year plan. The $168,000,000 a year level of new investment is now accepted in the new five-year steel plan of the iron and steel federation. With Western Germany racing Britain for the 20,000,000-ton mark, and the United States thundering along near the 100,000,000-ton mark far out in front of the rest of the world, it looks as if Russia (maybe 30,000,000 tons a year) might be- come increasingly reluctant to en- gage in a full-scale war of steel weapons with the West. PRESCRIPTIONS Qui.kly and Accurately Filled --- Gh = MITCHELL'S DRUG STORE 9 Simcoe N. Diel 3.3431 CECT or 8 0, LS ES CEES oy >a TIRE PROVED ON THE INDIANAPOLIS SPEEDWAY FOR ON THE Your sarery HIGHWAY SALLY'S SALLIES Cope. 1952, ing Features Syndicate, Inc., Wi "Yes, she's mine all right, but I lost only one dog!" London's Bombed Areas Now Used As Parking Lots By ROBERT MARX LONDON (Reuters)-London still bears the -scars of war but they have been put to a practical use. Bombed-out cities have been turned into parking lots. Yellow and black signs point to "shelter" in possible future air raids; signs hung on London's lamp posts mark past ralds-- '"Bombed site: Car park." When the bombs fell on London the rubble was cleared away almost immediately. Naturally no one wanted to start rebuilding right away, so the foundations or ruined buildings were scooped out, paved and lined with concrete and tar, and turned into water reser- voirs. When the city's water mains were destroyed fire brigades drop- ped a hose into the improvised reservoirs to fight blazes started by enemy bombers. After the war these tanks were emptied and were a natural for parking spaces. In pre-war days there had beensless of a traffic problem, but with more people owning cars and using them to commute to work from the suburbs the new lots became necessary. The 'ground rent' has to be paid anyway, but if there's no developed property there's no pro- perty tax. Many of the original owners were compensated for bomb damage and the property itself reverted to the city or borough. The government and police encouraged develop- ment of the parking lot program, but did not take over control. Usually the borough council arranged the leasing of the spaces. The bombed sites dot the dusty areas of London and are intended for commuters only. They close from dusk to dawn. Residents have to find garages or take a chance on leaving their cars on the street all night. Rates are low--averaging 15 cents for the first three hours, a quarter more for the rest of the day. Some of the lots, staffed by wounded veterans, are free, though car owners are expected to drop a tip to pay for the attendant's salary. Some business firms run their own lots for their employees. The parking spaces themselves are well kept, but there is usually a reminder of the war--a crumb- ling arch, a jagged stone outcrop- ping where two 'walls once joined, a scorched smear of black from the wartime fire. Attack on Hill Is Hurled Back SEOUL (AP)--Allied troops clinging to the southeast slope of Old Baldy today hurled back a Chinese Communist attack in tor- rential rains that drenched the muddy Korean battlefront for the fourth straight day. A reinforced Communist platoon hit the United Nations line in an apparent effort to win complete control of the strategic western- front hill. The attack was beaten off in a bloody two-hour battle during which 25 Reds were killed and 30 wounded, the United States Eighth Army said. It was the first clash of any size since rains closed in on the 15-mile battlefront Saturday. Al- ready 6% inches of rain have fallen on the western front. In another action Monday night and Tuesday morning a small Chi- nese unit probed Allied. positions near T-Bone Hill, east of Old Baldy. The Chinese were driven off after 43% hours of sporadic fighting. The hamlet of Church Point in Digby County, N.S., was first settled. in 1771 as "Pointe de I'Englise." STAFFORD BROS. MONUMENTAL WORKS 318 DUNDAS ST. E.,, WHITBY PHONE WHITBY 552 Memorials © Markers "Here's Character' ning of price WR The hie (Slightly reduced) This person has a calm, self-possessed nature as fs shown by the even height of the small letters and by the unhurried, rather leisurely writing. He has a clear and lucid mind, whose outstanding creative ability is sug- gested by the artistic feeling of the writing. He has good leadership ability and can be assertive ('t' crossings over the stem of the letter); but the lack of drive in the writing indicates that he does not make the best of his potentialities. a A noted professional Graphologist will analyse as many samples as possible of our readers' hand- writing received each month. Simply send a sample of your handwriting to BREWERY P.0. BOX 650, WILLOWDALE, ONT. Reds Return 650 War Prisoners By EDO KOENIG BONN, Germany (Reuters(--Six hundred and fifty former German soldiers and civilians have been repatriated after seven years Rus- sian imprisonment but West Ger- man sources see little hope for the quick return of the rest of the German prisoners held by the Russians, These are estimated at over 80,000. The 650 were the first large ship- ment of Germans to be sent home from Russia since Tass, official Soviet news agency, two years ago announced that the repatriation of German war prisoners had been completed. At that time, Tass said 13,000 others still were being held either because they had been convicted of war crimes or becayse they were invalids. The 650 arrived at Bischofwerda, in the Soviet zone. About 270 of the party, half of whom were ex- soldiers captured by the Russians towards the end of the war, cros- sed into West Germany. None could offer any clue as to whether the Russians intend now to resume the repatriation of Ger- man war prisoners which they broke off shortly after the much- disputed Tass announcement. Government officials in Bonn "guessed" that the unexpected return of the prisoners might per- haps be a result of the public hearings of a special United Nat- ions commission earlier this year dealing with the fate of German prisoners of war. The West German government gave the commission the names of about 80,000 former German soldiers who are known to be still in Soviet camps. Bishop D. Heckel, chairman of the Evangelical Relief Organiza- tion for Internees and Prisoners- of-war, said recently that altoge- ther more than 1,500,000 Germans are missing in the Sqviet Union. * These include soldiers and civil- ians, 200,000 to 250,000 of whom are believed to be still alive. He said 80 Roman Catholic priests, 60 Protestant minister, about 230 physicians and 238 generals are known to be in captivity. Mail is now reaching the priso- ner-or-war camps regularly and the treatment of the prisoners has improved. Almost all are employed on work projects and many receive But Where Are 80,000 Others? a little pay with which they can buy additional food or tobacco in ome. maths 840, th me m ago, the allowed the prisoners S usug photographs in their mail. Sunutsy : struck the words "no more" of letters in which prisoners had written, 'please send no more photos," Bishop Heckel said. The ex-prisoners seemed impres- sed by what they described as "war fever" among the Soviet people. They said that there is much talk of sn impending "American aggression" against the Soviet Union and ner East Erep ean satellites. Some claim new anti-alroraft batteries are being set up outside large cities. They noted a "be prepared to defend your country" trend in Soviet domestic propa- ganda. The ex-prisoners said that they had talked to many Russian work- ers with whom they were employ- ed on reconstruction projects. The general feeling among them was that there would be war bet- ween the East and the West over Germany before long. Bargain Rate Canned Pork No Bargain to Taxpayers OTTAWA (CP)-»The Canadian housewife may soon be able to buy canned pork at bargain prices at local grocery stores, but this con- sumer bonanza may cost taxpayers between $8,000,000 and $10,000,000. Anxious to rid itself of a climb- ing surplus, the federal government yesterday began moving into the wholesale market its huge stockpile of 40,000,000 pounds of canned pork, offering to sell it to dealers at about 30 per cent less than it paid for it. With packers acting as agents, the pork accumulation, caused by the outbreak of foot-and-mouth dis- ease in Canada, went on the mar- ket at about 40 cents a pound, delivered to grocery stores in On- tario and Quebec, with fluctuating lower prices at other centres across the country. CUT RETAIL PRICE Officials said the cut-rate price will allow grocery men to reduce the retail price of canned pork to between 36 and 42 cents from about 50 or 55 cents. That price reduction may stir up bigger sales, but on every pound sold, the federal treasury will stand to lose between 17 and 23.8 cents. On 40,000,000 pounds the loss may run to almost $10,000,000. The pork surplus became serious in Canada when the foot-and-mouth outbreak resulted in the United States embargo on Canadian meats and livestock. In a drive to stabilize meat-mar- ket disruptions caused by the dis- ease, the government, through the Agricultural Prices Support Board, originally offered to buy surplus pork for canning at 63.8 cents a pound. Some pork was purchased at this price which later was reduced to 61.8 cents and still later to 57 cents. - The board still is offering to buy {surplus pork for canning at the | latter figure. Normally, Canada is not a great pork-canning country, preferring to sell her pigs in the natural state or in various cuts and cures to home and foreign markets. The government resorted to can- ning to get under the American embargo which does not cover can- ned meats. However, agricultural officials have found they can get no better price for the product in the U.S. than in Canada and have decided to let the Canadian house wife have the cheap product first. Orders For 100 Yards or More » SODS CUT FRESH DAILY 20. + (Orders for Less Than 100 Sq. Sq. Yd. Delivered Yds. Slight Additional Charge) WE DELIVER LOAM, FILL, Etec. 59 Church St. ARMSTRONG FUELS Phones 5-5864 - 3-2712 READ THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE YOUR LOCAL NEWSPAPER NTARIO COUNTY'S ONLY DAILY COMPLETE COVERAGE OF WORLD NEWS FROM THE WIRES OF CANADIAN PRESS THE ONLY COMPLETE COVERAGE OF LOCAL NEWS OF OSHAWA, WHITBY, AJAX AND SURROUNDING DISTRICTS. NLY 5: PER COPY .HAVE IT DELIVERED BY THE CARRIER ON YOUR STREET FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CALL 3-2233 CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT THE DAILY TIMES- GAZETTE