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PW .. liberty-loving See vy ara Swen oF Cag TE ER 5 KE aa VE a SE -- a ---------- --- a. Greece Would Use merican Dollars to Develop * kk k Kk Kk Kx "Provide Land For the Natives * Kk hk k kk * ta * hk Kk k k * Britain Plans Agricultural Development in Nigeria By Joseph Kalmer Five-Year Economic Plan, Foreign Minister Says TSALDARIS:He says US. aid for Greece would be used , ATHENS, Greece, April 12.-- gn the TWO eat og for ocracy fought. - e past three' decades, Greece always has been found in the front line fighting * side-by-side with her allies. ~~8he fought until the end against-the Axis in the last war, and made "tremendous sacrifices. One would im that such a small country, ha suffered such - great -catastrophies;. could , not survive, ] However, the vitality of the people is such that notwith- standing all they went through, they once again find them- selves in the front line of an- other battle for :ceedom and democracy. Alone in the criti- cal sector of Europe where the frontiers of two civilizations are determined, she has faced, and continues to face, the almost un- bearable pressure of her north- ern totalitarian neighbor-states. Greece Is under attack inter- nationally by those who, after having ' taken advantage of the war to arm themselves in the name of a questionable resis- tance, now desire to come into power by violence. this by capitalizing on the de- sire for expansion by certain powers which reinforce them in their endeavor to establish a Red dictatorship here in' Greece where democracy and freedom were born and developed. Primarily, Greece needs tran- quility and order to be able to proceed to her reconstruction. The security of the country is therefore one of her first aims. But restoration of order re- quires an army. An army needs equipment. = Equipment costs money. Therefore, such financial aid as may be extended by the Unit- .ed States must be utilized in some-part to meet that need. Besides restoring order, which is a first requirement for re- habilitation, American aid will be used for the development of a five-year plan to redress our domestic economy. This plan, after being adopted by the Economic and Social They do "... To ensure higher living standards" fcr Greek dor and his cust, people, like this Athens v Council of the United Nations, subsequently was 'approved by the General Assembly. It calls for expenditures exceeding $1,200,000,000, of which $600,- 000,000 must be supplied from abroad if the plan isto be made to work. 2 We cannot, however, simpl confine ourselves to the rehabili- tation of our immediate econ- omy. We also must consider the development of our wealth- producing sources in such a way as to ensure to the Greek Successors to Sherlock Holmes * k hk k k Kx * * k kx k * * Kk k Kk % * Noted Figures of Present-Day British Detective Fiction 5 "Quick, Watson! We've not a moment to lose!" There is scarcely a'language in the 'world in which thousands upon thou- sands of people have not follow- ed with enthralled interest the great. detective's many adven- tures. Even today, sixty years exactly since he first appeared in print, Sherlock Holmes has lost nothing of his popularity. Everything about him has be- come a matter of world-wide col- loquial knowledge, in South Am- erica gs in Sweden, in India and the war Antipodes, along the banks of the Seine dr the Miss- issippi the same holds good-- some drops of blood on a car- pet, fresh foot-prints in the grass, a half-smokéd cigarette in an ash-tray, a shot in the dark, a ' blood-curdling shriek « + , and then, when the tension has become almost unbearable, he makes his appearance, bring- ing relief and a solution of it all, the fearless detective with his inseparable pipe, the hero, whose sharp wits leave no secret unrav- elled--the one and only Sher- lock Holmes. When Conan Doyle created his hero and his faithful shadow, Dr. Watson, he was continuing a tradition, the origins of which are difficult to trace. There is no need to go as far back as the story in the Apochrypha of Dan- fel proving the guilt of the priests of Baal by their foot- prints to determine the first de- tective stories in world litera- ture. Two names are outstand- ing at the beginning of modern detective writing--Edgar Allen Poe and Charles Dickens. Dick- ens' "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" is not as well known as his famous "Bleak House," in which Inspector Bucket, who plays such an important part, was taken from real life, being based on an Inspector Field, who was a member of Scotland Yard's detective force, founded in 1842. A few years later, in 1868, Dickens' great friend, Wil- kie Collins, published one of the greatest masterpieces of detect- ive fiction, "The Moonstone." It remained, however, for a young medical man, Arthur Conan Doyle, to give the British de- tective novel world-wide fame. Since the days when 221b, Baker Street, the home of Sher- Jock Holmes, became the * o * Build New Planes To Carry Freight * In this age of speed it is be- incleasingly desirable for well as passengers to The difficulty so far 0 keep freight charges to compete with land the "Universal Trans- port," which will meet all pres- ent day uirements as the fol- lowing ght only; the former will carry 90 passengers and 7,300 pounds of cargo. This type is vbuilt with a double-deck arrange- ment for the passengers. The second type, will carry a 24,650 pounds cargo, that is 35 per cent of its total weight, an une usually high percentage for pay- A large rear ramp will penile The. oh cat vies e. e t ng Sspachy 1s 10x15x36 feet. The Transport" has four and a speed of 170 to hour, The operat known address in the world, the ' popularity of the detective story has not ceased to increase, There are a number of out- standing , writers in Britain, whose literary standard is above question, specializing in this art. Mention need only be made of G. K. Chesferton, whose spirited novels and essays are among the finest literary achievements of the early years of the century, and his delightful creation, Fa- ther Brown, a friendly Catholic priest, who turns amateur de- tective from time to time, There are a number of women among the best of detective story writers. Women writers have in general played an excep- tionally large part in English literature, as witness such clas- rsic names as Jane Austen, the Brontes, George Eliot, or as modern examples, Katherine Mansfield, Virginia Woolf and Elizabeth Bowen. It is never- theless perhaps surprising that women should excel in a branch of literature which requires such a cool, unsentimental, factual, almost mathematical way of thought. It is said that one of the greatest masters of the English detective novel was un- able for many years to publish a successor to his first outstand- ingly successful book, simply be- cause he failed for a long time to produce another as good. It is nevertheless a fact that two women are well to the forefront among detective novelists; they are quite unsurpassed in this sphere and have done much to- wards securing for the English detective story a foremost place in world literature. Dorothy L. Sayers is a very fine prose wri- ter and some of her novels are first-class psychological studies, in which characters and environ- ment are drawn with exquisite clarity and a sensitive touch. This writer is just as distin- guished in another sphere of lit- erature--her religious dramas based on medieval mysteries aroused well-merited interest and her novel presentation of the passion has become a regu- lar broadcast item. Lord Peter Wimsey, her special detective, shares his tremendous popular- ity with M.. Hercule Poiret, of Agatha Christie's novels, Her- cule Poiret, an unexcelled ex- pert at unrhvelling complicated crimes, is a small, jovial Bel- gian, though his activities take place in the main in England. Agatha Christie is an expert at creating tense situations which never lose their interest. Mar- gery Allingham and Gladys Mit- chell are both names well known in the field of first class detective fiction. 'The Englishman likes to find relief in the tension; his definite preference, and in this he differs from others, is for action rather than reflection. It is therefore in no way surprising that Brit ain has produced not only a wide reading public for detective novels, but also a large number of writers of high standing spe- cializing in this sphere. There is Freeman Wills. Crofts, an Irishman by birth, who has, like many of his countrymen, made England his home, as well as John Ferguson, John Dickson Carr, Richard Keverne, and a host of others, all masters of the art of tension, mysterious hap- penings, fast thinking, clues and clever solutions. Sherlock Holmes has many successors, to keep us amused in our leisure hours--Poiret and Lord Peter Wimsey, Dr. Thorndyke and In- spector French and many more, the unfailing heroes, ever suc- cessful in the -war -on crime, bringing the murderer to jus- tice, and thus giving us the feel- ing that the world is not only an exciting place to live in, but te, home of law and order as well. * British Exports Set New Record * * Now that the first complete post-war year has ended, Britain's trade balance can be compared with the year preceding the out- break of hostilities. The British export trade can look .back on very satisfactory figures. Ex- ports of cars rose in each quar- ter of 1946 until the last three months it broke all previous records by reaching a figure two- and-a-half times that of 1938. Exports of motorcycles were two to three times higher than in the pre-war- year. During the sec- ond half of 1946 'approximately twice the number of locomotives were exported as during the first six months, and this was approxi- mately three times: as many as the 1938 average. Aluminium goods, too, were exported in con- stantly increasing quantity, the figure of 10,000 tons for the last quarter of '1946 being six-fold that of the 1938 average. The mean 1938 quarterly figure for the export of wireless sets was 21,000; for 1946 the figures were 31,800 for the first quarter, 74,- 300 for the second, 101,700 for the third and 136,900 for the fourth. The figures for spare parts broke all records too; compare 551,000 radio valves exported on an aver- age in each quarter of 1938 with these figures for 1946; 912,000 in the first quarter; 1,384,000 in the second; 1,034,000 in the third; and 2,102,000 in the fourth quarter, the last figure including over one million for the month of Decem- ber alone. Machinery exports rose from 95,500 tons in the first quarter of 1946 to 163,200 in the last quarter, the latter figure be- ing 42 per cent higher than the 1938 average. As regards per- fumery and tollet articles, too, for which Britain has recently come to the fore, record figures were achleved, These were ap- proximately two-and-a-half times higher than for 1938. British Stars Have Narrow Escape LONDON, April 12--Kay Cave endish, well-known entertainer, with Elizabeth Welch, the lovely colored singer; Richard Hearne, comedian and eccentric dancer, and Douglas Byng, the female im- personator, had a narrow escape from death reeently. Skimming the jagged peaks of the. Sierras, on their way to give a show at Gibraltar, their pilot literally stood the plane on its tail. to bark away from sheer rock, took a "last chance" dive and crash landed in a swamp near Cadiz, Spain. Out crawled the pilot and the four British stars and spent the night on a farmhouse floor. Then Hearne and the pilot waded i three rivers to reach a telephone and send an S.0.S. to the British consul at Cadiz, e consul did his best and produced a mule team which wus By L. Roberts people higher living standards than pre-war. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Na- tiond sent a field survey sub- committee into Greece, and this committee's findings were used as an imvdortant basis in estab- lishing this recommendation, as it was officially submitted to the UN. To apply the recommendations contained in this report, specifi- cally to execute works in Greece, it will be necessary once more to make use of aid from abroad. At this point, I especially wish to stress the necessity for Greece to establish an economy based on the development of the hydro-electric power potentials in which she is rich. This use * * Put Chemical Fog To Peacetime Use * * Britain is constantly striving to convert war equipment to peace-time use. In many cases manufacturers have already suc- ceeded in adaptations so that the capital expended during the war is not being wasted. The pub- lic's first knowledge of the exist- ence of such war apparatus is often obtained when such con- versions are made known, and this is true of the fog generator. The production of fog or smoke- screens plays an important part 'in modern warfare, and it will now be of equal value in the peace-time war on pests. A Brit- ish firm manufacturing appara- tus of this kind in Dursley, Glou- cestershire and Stamford, Line colnshire, is using it for attacking such pests as mosquitoes, tsetse- fly and the like. The fog has a chemical content which kills off pests, but does not affect plants on which the animals feed. This fog method can be used in build- ings to do away with cock- roaches and other vermin, with out damaging the foodstuffs on which these parasities live. Wood- worm, too, has been shown to succumb to this attack without damage being done to the wood. * Aircraft Wiring Is Extensive Job * * Every aircraft has a small power house on board, as all modern children know, although few adults have a clear picture of the vast figures connected with such an installation, To run all the apparatus and Instruments on a Bristol Brabazon I the power installation requires 31 miles of wiring, and this generator pro- duces a 200-volt alternating cur- rent. The other figures concern- ed are equally impressive. The number of rivets in the metal framework is one-and-one-half- million and the sheet metal in this aircraft covers an area of 30,000 square feet. * * British Shipvards Have Big Output It has recently been stated that British shipyards are producing more ships than the rest of the world together. This information can now be substantiated by the exact figures for the last quar- ter of 1946. In British yards the building of 339,060 tons was be- gun, compared with 219,746 tons being built in the rest of the world. Britain launched 267,760 tons as compared with 254,229 tons in other countries. At the end of the year British yards had 1,927,567 tons -- steamers and motor vessels -- in building as compared with 1,741,419 tons elsewhere. * * * First People's Car Built In Britain the only way, except by helicop- ter, also unavailable, Pra the very remote and inaccessible farmhouse. The intrepid * little party then rode, two to a mule, 1o Alms Ping 1,500 inhabitants a. great wel, - Jove by a banquet. Wm 10) Gibraltar troops, who cheered their performance later, knew nothing of their ordeal, but the stars, are buying ao ying 'a stained glass 'way of thanks to Algar's church by * * A new Morris car is now being built for home and overseas which will be the firs "People's Car" for Britain. It 1» a four- seater saloon \ capable eof 60 miles per hour and will do 60 miles to a gallon. Sir Miles Thomas of the Nuffield groap (manufacturers of the Morris) has stated that his company al- ready has ovepseas orders worth « « « For "restoration of order," which requires an s. army. This is the famed Evzone Guard on parade. of water-power we consider absolutely fundamental for en- suring better conditions for pro- duction, health and education for our farm population. This, in short, is how aid from America is going to be used and why the decision of the United States Government is hailed by the Greek people as an event of supreme importanc . The last piece of news the world heard about the former German colony of the Camer- oons was that the British and French governments had submit ted to the trusteeship commission of the United Nations a statement of the guiding lines along which these areas, which had been man- dated to them after World War I, are to be governed in future. In this statement the British gov- ernment undertook to assist the natives on the road to self-gov- ernment and to school and edu- cate them, An important step in this dir- ection was taken on January 1, 1947, with the inauguration of a new type of communal agricul- tural development. An Agricul- tural Development Corporation has been founded with a capital of £1,175,000. The government of Nigeria has bought up a series of estates formerly belonging to Germans or other enemy nation- als and by Ordinance turned them into native lands. The gov- ernor becomes the trustee of the people of the Cameroons and transfers the estates bought in this way to the newly founded corporation on a perpetual lease. No less than 250,000 acres -- 101,000 hectares -- are involved, on which bananas, oil palms, rub- ber, and other important agricul- tural products are to be culti- vated and worked up industrially. The corporation will function on a purely commercial basis so soon as the initial finances and the capital have been secured by loans raised either by the Niger- ian government or with a govern- ment guarantee, The corpcration will repay these loans over a per- iod of years in rentals calculated to cover capital and interest charges. The commercial activ- ities of the corporation are to yield the necessary profits for these payments. So far the whole thing is an interesting agricultural under- taking in favor of the natives who work on the estates to be developed. But the plans go far beyond the agricultural experi- ment. For the profits are to be employed not only in the further development of the estates, but also in the provision of educa- tional, medical and welfare ser- vices which would benefit the people living in the areas served by the Cameroon plantations. If there are still any profits available over and above this, as seems very probable, they will be used for the general benefit of the people of the Cameroons under British mandate, as directed by the gov= ernor, The idea behind the scheme of this corporation, which was dis- cussed in London and in Nigeria, is to give an experimental model. If the experimental succeeds, it may well be used as a pattern for similar forms in other areas of the British colonial empire. The importance attached to the experiment is shown by the fact that not only the Secretary of State for Colonies is interested in it but that the Ministries of Food and of Transport have also expressed their approval. The corporation will not issue shares, and thus the private profit motive will be excluded; but the regular employees and laborers are to be paid bonuses to keep alive their interest in the busi- ness of the corporation. In due course the corporation is to be controlled by the people of the Cameroons themselves, who so far are still at a stage of development which: places such self-administration out of the question. First of all the edu- cational. and medical facilities needed for such a raising of the level of the population of the British Mandate of the Camer- oons, that they are enabled to conduct their own business, must be created, partly from the cor- poration's revenues. It is assumed that it may take two or even three 'generations before sufficient native person- nel of adequate education and sense of responsibility are avail- able to carry through this task, but as soon as suitable personnel can be found and an opportunity - presents itself, local representa- tion in the corporation is to be increased even before then. At the moment things are not ripe for this, and the necessary experts and specialists for the carrying through of the corpora- tion's tasks will be appointed by the governor, 'Childrens Village' In Hungary Makes Citizens of War Orphans * k hk hk Kk Kk * hk hk k kk This Town Has a 13-Year-Old Mayor And a Population of 200; It's Run By Youngsters From IM BUDAPEST and all over post-war Europe, deserted chil- dren run wild on the streets. Youngster above begged a cig- arette, then went his hobo-like way on the back of a freight car. The boys below steal for a living, gamble for fun. Hun- gary hopes to correct these pic- tures in its "Children's Villages." » Outside Orders * In the Olympic Games to be held in Britain next year the Olympic regatta will come well to the fore. It is interesting to note that nearly all the coun- tries hoping to take part have ordered their boats from British firms. The countries concerned are the United States, Canada, Brazil, France, Sweden, Norway and Denmark, and the orders are for eight-oared and sculling boats. British boat builders are now engaged on supplying these overseas sports competitors with boats exactly similar to those 'they are building for the Brit- ish crews. These regatta boats will be built from the finest Hon- duras cedar, For Regatta Boats For Next 2 Years Six to Sixteen HADJDUHADHAZA, Hungary, April 12.--This village in eastern Hungary has a 13-year-old may= or. Its youngest citizens are six Yours old; the town elders are 16. Hadjduhadhaza is the first of many of "Children's Villages" by means of which the government of Hungary hopes to solve its tremendous war orphan prob- lem, The Unitarian Service Com- mittee, which is helping to sup- ply the village with food; calls Hadjduhadhaza "the first step toward a more enlightened treat- ment of war orphans." The committee found this vil- lage a sharp contrast to Europe's post-war picture of "abandoned children living on the streets by begging, stealing and scavenging." The village of 200 children was originally the site of an Army camp. Its buildings include four dormitories, a school house, a carpenter's shop, a cobbler's shop, and a blacksmith's shop. It is not an orphanage in any tradi- tional sense, but a community of children. In the cobbler's shop, five boys, apprenticed to an old cobbler, were trying to add a few more kilometers to some impossible looking shoes. Two of the older girls were working at sewing machines, repairing old clothing and performing miracles with rags. In the blacksmith's shop, a dozen men were sweating away, making beds. for the children yet to arrive in the village. But the social organization is what makes Hadjduhadhaza a * * New Land Policy * The minister of agriculture announced in the House of Com= mons recently a new land policy for Britain covering the next two years. 'The result of this State plan for home farming will place emphasis on the pro- duction of more milk, meat, eggs, and bacon. The minister describ- ed this as a switchover from growing crops for direct human consumption to raising livestock and livestock products. Farmers are to be encouraged to provide those foods which the country needs most at the present mo- ment and they will in return re- ceive adequate returns from the new schedule of agricultural prices that has been fixed in con- sulation with the National Farm- ers Union. r Closeup of 'Enlightened Treatment' PROSPECTIVE citizen of Hungary's "Children's Village" for war orphans is this little girl at a Budapest nursery. For the future she might face without the future ahead of her. She has a bright "Children's Village," see photo at left. real community. By secret bal- lot the children elect their may- or, the police officer, the judges, the postmaster and the news- paper editor. At a recent court trial, a young lad was accused of having de- stroyed some dishes while scuf- fling with a neighbor at the supper table. The judges, as well as the accused, took the matter in all seriousness. There was no suggestion that this was just a game that they were play- ing. The defendant explained that he had been struck by his neigh- bor, and was striking back. He did not intend, he said, to de- stroy community property. The judges deliberated and then recalled the defendant for sentencing. He was given 7 days at hard labor, carrying wa- ter from the pump to the kit- chen. The boy appealed because he had to go to school and also work in the shop. The judges gave him permission to arrange with the kitchen staff to serve his punishment early in the morning and in the evening. That night, the village choral group gave a concert for visitors from the Unitarian Service Com- mittee. Thirty boys and girls stood together at the end of the hall. Two older bovs held light- ed lamps nearby, and the whole village was quietly gathered about, sitting on the beds, lean- ing against the wall, After a concert of Hungarian folk songs and hymns, the group sang in English "John Brown's Body" and "My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean." Then a 13-year-old boy step- ped forward, and made a speech of thanks to the visiting Am- ericans, He was the mayor of Hadjduhadhaza. * * Another Inquiry On Social Security * Lord Beveridge has begun an- other inquiry on social security aimed at strengthening the co- operation between the state and the individual. The inquiry covers all forms of voluntary social ser- vice and in particular the future of the friendly societies whose functions are taken over by the new Ministry of National Insur- ance' in accordance with the original Beveridge report. Lord Beveridge will examine what ac- tion can best. be taken by such societies and by the government to find suitable channels for the friendly society spirit in the new conditions created by the Nation- al Insurance Act. Inquiry is non- political and is undertaken at the request and with the help of the National Deposit Friendly Soci ety. o From Derry to Drury Lane The colorful story of George Farquhar, Irishman, actor and dramatist, was told recently by Sam Hannan Bell--from its be- ginning in a 17th century Derry Rectory, to its climax at the Royal theatre, Drury Lane, Lon- don. ; One night in 1696, during a mock duel on the stage of the famous Smock Alley theatre in Dublin, one of the actors acci- dentally ran his sword thiough the man who was playing oppo- site him, and in the fit of remorse which followed determined to "quit the stage forever." In Lon~ don he turned his hand to litera-' ture and, the drama being the form he knew best, soon began to write plays. So appeared in the English theatre the name of George Farquhar, undistinguish= ed actor but spontaneous and vivacious dramatist, whose star at its zenith in the Restoration theatre was not far below the brilliance of Congreve and Wy- cherley. He was born in Derry in: 1667 and educated at Trinity College, Dublin, from which, how- ever, he was expelled at the ten- der age of.17, branded as "a rake and an atheist." C2