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SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 1947 lS THE DAILY TIMES-GAZETTE PAGE ELE {Notices By DON HOULDEN MUSH! MUSH! Well, today's the day that the hardy Scoutmaster's and Scoutmaster's-to-be are to set out into blinding blizzards and below zero" weather to Camp Sa- mac to attend the Gilwell Scouter's Course, The course is under the able direction of J. H. Bateman, and C. K. Anderson. Sleeping accommodations will be in the council house, and the food will be cooked in the same place, So around midnight, I hope that there won't be "someone in the kitchen with Dinah." " Seriously, I think that this camp will good results, for it is out-of-door camping that the Chief built on, T t! Tweet! weet! : "Let's all sing like the birdies sing" will be the theme for a very interest- ing lecture to be held this Monday night in Centre Street School at 8:00 p.m, All interested Cubs and Scouts are urged to attend. Bird life and calls will fill a very interesting program un- der a competent lecturer. .e3, witaout a doubt, Boy Scout Week in Oshawa went off with a blinding flash that left the populace blinded. For my part, I never saw s0 many Scouts in all my life. Wherever I turned there were the Scouts, dress- ed In brown, blue and green. The peonle of Oshawa were well informed, well versed, and well pleased with our big wees. Let's make iv aa all year affair. STH OSHAWA "B" PACK are the Indians, tall and quaint!" That song was the basis of cur meeting last Monday night for every wolf Cub suddenly became a very quaint Indian brave as soon as he en- tered the meeting place. Akela was there to start the meeting off, and so was Baloo. Inspection and dues went off with a bang, and games "We 7TH CUB PACK--"A" SECTION Well, here we are back to normal again after a rather hectic "Scout Week." At ou eeting last Tuesday night we had as our special inspection, fur, and nearly all the Sixes lost points because some of the Cubs apparently don't have combs at their homes. After three wild rounds of Candle Rugby, the lights came back on, and to our rise there didn't seem to be any broken bones or heads, We settled down to a good work period of about twenty minutes and seemed to get a lot of work done even though our ser- vic were )! by their absence, - After quite a few weeks of trying, Alan Fleming, at last passed his Artist etting awfully hard the work per- ngton passed ls Na- tional them. Bill Ling, telling time, cing, and message, (nice go- Cockburn and Ste- our Cub Howl. . Don't forget to listen to "Vox Pop" next Tuesday night at 9:00 p.m, over CFRB. They are going to interview 8 Boy Scout father and son get to- gether, and Court of Honor at a meet- somewhere in New York State. I Innk it will be quite interesting to us STH OSHAWA STARBOARD TROOP 'This is your raving Feporter bringing the news and views of the Eighth. All hands reported, and there was a good showing of Scout staves, Why wasn't Bill Harris there? Well, when he comes back he will have three week's cleanup #0 do. Fido Floyd was here for the first time in a couple of months and is up before the Court of Honor. Put in a good word for him, eh fellas? S. M. Doug. Wales gave out with flagbreak and announcements. In- spection was held and patrols lost points for uniforms. "Muskrats" won five points for a "Game in the Dark," and we then re- tired to our corners for a study period. Coming out on the floor ain, we had a game of "Pass the Hat,' and the Beaver Patrol won, We closed the meeting This meeting wag sho! those "pluggers" who had exams. Congratulations Incidentally, Vern Umphrey who his King's Scout Badge will re- ceive it at the banquet. No news next week because of the banquet, and you will be able to read better news of that than 'I have to give. Beavers are away ahead in Patrol Competition with 106; Muskrats second with 86; Otters third with 69; and Sea- gulls last with 51, Three of the more stalwarth mem- bers of the troop, namely Baldy Harrill, Bunt Marsh, and Jim Harris are away to the Laurentians, and by the time you are reading this they will be at thelr r in Quebec. with prayers. rt because of up the evening. THere was a sing- song, and we sang such songs, as the y en," 'Where Oh Where,' and 'I Met an Engine On the Hill' The meetin, ended very hurriedly when Akela found out that he was going to be late for his party, and so, with the Grand Howl finished and prayers quietly sald, Akela shot out the door, with ail of us right after him, ¥ Oh, by the way, Akela told me to remind you that your Registration is still fifty cents out, so those that owe better pay up or Ken. Courtney will fix you. Next week Akela is to invest some Cubs, .and will tell some Cub that he has been chosen to receive the prize at the banquet. MOWGLI FIFTH OSHAWA SCOUT NEWS This is your roving reporter from the 5th Oshawa bringing you all the news of our latest Troop meeting. Flag- break was at 7:30. Knight was introduced to all the boys. Dues were collected and the troop broke the horse-shoe to prepare for a snappy game. After this, knot relays were held, and points were given to the winning patrols, Eddy Alker, Scout master of the 8th Port told the boys of the urgent need for scrap paper and asked them to all get out and help in our coming paper drive. Flag was low- ered at 9:10 by Gord Bryant of the Eagles and prayer was read by Gord Sleeman of the Fox Patrol. DAN. Remember! Banquet next week at 6.30 sharp. AQUARAT "JERRY WINTER'S JOURNAL" "The official news of the Jerry Wine ter's Senior Patrol in Westmount." Shades of Tawama, at last some news from the Westmount Scouts, but instead of "Facts From the First" by Stan Dupanfight its the Jerry Win- ter's Journal, What is the Jerry Winter's Patrol? It is a patrol organized by the older members of the troop, many of whom are unable to get out to the regular Scout meetings because of other act- ivities on the same night. The patrol meets on Thursday evening under the direction of Stan Weeks and besides make charts etc. looks of the meeting room for the other Scout groups using the room. It is also the intentions of the patrol to secure instruction in certain badges which are not studied at the ri ar troop meetings, and which are of great interest to the boys. Well, that's enough history for thls week, let's get down to the business at hand. First of all, a hearty thanks to, our retiring Scoutmaster Ed Gresik who has done a swell job with the troop. During the war, our Scout to improve the could devote enough time to keep things running smoothly. Harold Pase coe was tled .up every night of the week and could not find the time that . the regular Scout work it intends to troop was stuck without a leader, who |' he would like tu have spent with the troop, so Eddie was approached to take things over. Ed stepped right in and with very little training kept things had a great they cannot realize the dif! it is to handle a troop of thirty-six growing boys, but Ed did a splendid job but has had to give it up now be- cause he is working nights one month and days the next, - Although he is no longer Scoutmaster, Ed is still con- nected with the troop and hopes to be able to assist the new leaders when he is working days. Ed is also a mem- ber of the group committee, Before we go any further we would like to welcome the new Scoutmaster, 'Ted Daniels Who was a King Scout in the troop a few years ago and during the war served in the Merchant Navy. Welcome to the fold, Ted. Anyone who. attended the banquet last week, will probably remember the chairman state that we will soon need a new Meeting place Secauze of grow- n Ww ing in Wha two Cub packs, & troop and prob- ably another troop in the very near fu- ture, I should say we need a hall of our own. Well now that the waters boiling lets keep it that way by every- inking up ideas on how to A same. Maybe if we called a meeting of the fathers, some of them would have some good ideas, for ninety per cent of them have probably built a house of their own at some time. I'm of the Oshawa Creek will be can- vassed during the morning for the troop hopes everyone will get out all the paper they can find to help the Westmount Scouts, Don't forget, next Saturday morning is the Westmount Scouts paper drive! 4TH OSHAWA TROOPS The ghastly business of exams at our local emporium of learning situated on the hill to the north was the al- leged reason for the absence of a number of the senior members of the troops last Wednesday. dirty mess known as also as about 8:20 p.m. the Whalley and Brian Hancock were seen making a hurried exit from the serious business of Scouting. Nosey has al- ways been given to understand that the 5th Scout Law says "A Scout 1s Courteous." i attendance, .M. and Fred Then the 8. ners," the S.M. Cheap stinky habits says Nosey. takes 2 minutes to phone and costs no- thing says the SM, and he's right. Now I credit you mugwumps with a fair amount of intelligence and doesn't it ever occur to you that the least you do is let the troop know when you . Maybe you were counted on to handle some part of the weird and wonderful ideas which the S.M. and the ASM. concoct out of their own crani and after the also sure that if there is an d is no time y work 'to be done plenty of our fath will turn out to help us whenever we peed it. Now perhaps all we need is some money. Hmmm! What that stuff will do. Think it over guys, im= afine a nice hall with probably separ- a patrol dens for each patrol and maybe a leader's room and library, Hee ye! Here ye! Anyone interest- ed in bowling! The senior patrol would like to challenge any patrol or group of Scouts in the city to a bowling match some time In the near future. Anyone wishing to take up same should al in touch with Stan Weeks at 1074W. Well that brings us down to the last item in this week's news. A joke, no less. It's terrible, but here goes: "Did you ever hear about the recruit who thought that the BOWLINE was the 8.M.'s excuse for being late?" Be seeing you next week. FIRST OSHAWA CUB NEWS With Allan Thompson leading In Grand Howl, the First Oshawa held its regular meeting on Monday. night, In the absence of Rikki, "Bones" were taken by Bagherra assisted by Stan while Akela took inspection which was paws, Because of the absence of two of the leaders due to exams most of the eve- ning was spent in reviewing tests. To make it more intéresting test games were played such as grab the flag, book balancing and hopping. The meeting closed with Allan again leading in the Grand Howl. All Cubs are reminded of the big paper drive Py the Scout troop next Saturday. FIRST OSHAWA SCOUT NEWS Earl Henry opened this week's meet- ing of the First by taking flagbreak after Scoutmaster Ted niels had £alied the troop to order at the usual 2. A good portion of the meeting was spent in reading and explaining the many anouncements of things to come for the Westmount Scouts all of which 3fe discussed elsewhere in the Scout ews. Games this week were under the direction of Jack Valentine and Wilt Pascoe and included Skin the Snake, Blind Boxing and Bean Bag Passing. While Wilf was handing out tickets for the forthcoming Minstrel Show, Stan taught first ald while the S.M. checked up on back dues and passed various tests. Handicraft counted for a great many points for the Iroquois patrol during the meeting and put them away ahead in the competition while the other three are about even in the points. Bird houses, hand paint- ed cast and a tanned rabbit skin were Hie cnet items brought in for handl- cr: aft, The meetin; closed in the usual manner with rl Henry lowering the flag and Billy Connors leading in the Lord's Prayer. FIRST OSHAWA PAPER DRIVE Next Saturday will see the West- mount Troop holding a community=- wide paper drive. Three trucks will be on hand to help and all houses west g has to start having to revise the program. Nuff sald--cast away the mouldy cup of bad habits and be a man, my son. Nosey heard by the grapevine that the 8M. jumped Copeland at the hockey game for not coming to Scouts until the game started! Poor guy, he was surely in a spot, but guess he deserv- ed it, It seems he disappeared faster than ice cream on a hot July day. . Corny Hutchison has a green- stick (I'm pretty smart, eh!) fracture in his leg which he got at the last weekend camp. Well we won't have to look at his ugly mug for a week or three, I guess, But seriously, the troop likes Corny, and Nosey and the rest of the Fighting Fourth hope he is soon able to resume his tobogganing whicn he engages in with 'an abandon hor- rible to contemplate, It has been whispered in Nosey's ear (his left ear) that Larmer is going to Rave a tough job hanging on to that not shield, week after next, as one Ted Oldfield has been his practicing fast and see. The troop and particularly the Lynx patrol welcome Allan el to the fold, and hope he enjoys his Scout- ing associations. When is Jeffs going to get that map done? And when is Jim- mie Gummow going to finish those drawings to decorate the cabin? And when are LA HELB Eine up on uriously. We'll their first class? When? Nosey hears that Oldfield, both Wal- leys, Ostler, Clark, Copeland, Scam- mell, and Gummow and Knox are out to try their cooking and firelighting jess this weekend. Good luck, fel- ows! 'The Church Parade last Sunday was 8 highly successful affair. The Cubs were out almost 100 per. cent. The Rovers were out almast 100 per cent and mighty fine they looked too. But where, oh where, were those 10 miss- ing Scouts?--Tonkin Forde, Blair, Crouch, Epworth, Helberg, Copeland, Kemp, Hanna and Taylor. The S.M. figures that if the Rover Crew--that husky bunch of beef eaters can be out at most 100 per cent so can the troop; Those hefty Rovers don't like litt boys whq, let the reputation of the troop down after they spent years building jt up--so tread carefully boys! Next_Wednesday will be a little dif- ferent from the last three meetings. First, everyone is expected to be there, as there are no hockey games, exams, etc., and then the meeting will be run by the Scouters instead of the Patrol ers--so 100k out! This highly libelous affair must now draw to a cl Thine NOSEY (and the Nose Knows) SAFETY COURSE Ottawa -- (CP) -- Carleton Col- lege next fall will offer a six to nine-week course in accident-pre- vention, it was announced here re- cently. 33,000 LOCAL PHONE CALLS HERE DAILY "We have come a long way from the first telephone patented by Alexander Graham Bell to the mod- ern telephone. It has developed from a queer-looking curiosity to a streamlined, integral part of our social and economic life. Improve- ments as they become perfected are being incorporated in new equop- ment," said A. A. Gillespie, Dist~ rict Bell Telephone Co. Manager today. "In this year, the Centennial of Mr. Bell's birth, it is very unfor- tunate that we cannot accept ap- plications for imemdiate installa- tion. This has been caused in Osh- awa as well as many other places by the heavy demand for service A A. GILLESPIE which has loaded our switching equipment well over capacity. "We are doing our utmost to pro- vide additional equipment to serve those applicants who are waiting and we hope to take care of them before the end of 1947. Their pati- ence, in many cases under trying conditions, is much appreciated, "At present we have 192 employ- ees in Oshawa taking care of the telephone business. Our operating staff who complete the telephone calls are handling about 53,000 loc- al and 2,200 long distance calls & day." APPRECIATE ARTS Fort William, Ont. -- (CP) -- Tourists do not come to the Lake- head to see skyscrapers and well- paved roads, they come to see a people of another land and the arts they practice, Dr. Oscar Beriau, technical advisor for the Ontario department of planning and devel- opment, said here. W. A. Lays Plans For Box Social At Prince Albert MRS. F. E. SMITH Correspondent Prince Albert, Feb. 27.--The regu- lar monthly meeting of the Prince Albert Women's Association was held at the home of Mrs. Albert Harper on Wednesday afternoon. Though the roads into the village are all blocked except one, which, prevented quite a number from at- tending, about twenty-one ladies, thre children (and four men--who came in for lunch) were present. Me MacGregor, the president, pre- sided. During the devotional period Mrs. Wm. Heayn read a portion of scrip- ture and Mrs, Clifford Smith lead in prayer. As this was a week of prayer, Mrs. Geo. Luke and Mrs. Bert Fear both read on prayers and how much our prayers are needed for our church, our homes, and our- selves. Discussion during the business period concerned mostly on the box social to be held on Friday of this week and the planning of a roast chicken dinner to be held in the near future on completion of the decorating of the Sunday School. A committee was appointed to take charge of tie plans for this event. (It will be advisable to watch this column for further particulars). After the singing of hymns and repeating of the Mizpah benediction the programme was handed over to Group three of which Mrs, Fear took charge. While plates were pre- pared for lunch a contest for nam- ing trees and a reading "The Ladles' Aid" was given by Mrs. Fear. A tasty lunch of baked beans, bacon and salad with cookies and fruit custard for dessert was enjoyed and a social half-hour spent. Movies at School On Wednesday afternoon Mr. Rit- ' chie visited the school with moving pictures which is always a delight to the children. Pictures on elep- ixantg slow motion diving and modes of transportation all over the world were of much interest. In the even- ing Mr. Ritchie again showed pic- tures to which the adults had been invited in the form of a Farm Forum. One interesting reel was a life history of Tom Thompson the noted artist. Many of his beautiful paintings, among which wag seen a view of Lake Scugog, were shown. Fred Christie Jr. of Manchester, who has an active part in Junior Farmers, Fairs, etc, spoke of his interesting trip to Chicago which he won at a Junior Judging Competi- tion. The audience was also entertain- ed by some of the school pupils as follows: Bobby Heayn sang two well-known songs. Joan Guthrie, Dorothy Thompson and Gale Hod- gins sang which was followed by 8 tap dance by Joan and Dorothy. Mrs. L. Hunter accompanied on the piano. Joan Guthrie favoured with a piona selection and six junior pu- pils sang "Under the Sireading Chestnut Tree" with actions, Parents Invited On Friday afternoon the parents U.S. Customs Men Bare 'Gold Smuggling Racket J Windsor, March 1 -- (CP) -- A $1,500,000 a year gold smuggling racket centred in Windsor was dis- closed yesterday by United States customs officials in Detroit. The smuggling ring was described as the biggest since rum-running flourished along the Detroit river here 20 years ago. Officials said Windsor is the link between the ric gold mines of Northern Ontaric -nd Quebec and refines in many parts of the United States. Customs men, headed by Edward A. Gleason agent-in-charge at De- troit, said their $1,500,000 estimate is based on past seizures. But Gleason kept most phase of the smuggling secret -- he said he be- lieves the men arrested are only th "runners" directed by a "top man" who may work from this city. : $10,000 Fine A convicted "runner" is liable to a $10,000 fine or two years or both, for conspiracy to smuggle gold into the United States the term is four years. The United States is believed the "high graders" goal, because better prices are paid there, despite the return of the Canadian dollar to par with the American dollar. And in the United States, gold dealers are licensed, whereas Can- adian law requires all gold to be sold to the mint at Ottawa and makes it an offence to possess un=g authorized gold. All the Time Meanwhile, in Noranda, Que Harry S. Sparks, general manage of the O'Brien Gold Mines andj chairman of the high-grading coms} mittee of the Western Quebec Min} ing Association, said last night that} "highgrading is going on all the} tme and probably will continue lung as we have got mines." Commenting on a report smuggling of gold across the borde at Windsor, Ont.,, Mr. Sparks s "there is always a market for this) illagal gold and always people wills ing to take a chance on smugglin it out." He said that the Western Quebec Mining Association employ two special investigators "checkin on it all the time, but we haven' caught anybody lately." Methods Mr. Sparks said that gold smug: gling "seems to go on in all mines despi'e the best precaution the mines take to prevent it." Min ers take out gold in their ears, mouth or hair. He said that high graders melt down the gold 0 small buttons, about two inch across and a half inch in depth These weigh about 40 to 50 ounce and are worth about $1,400, their oral compositions. This should prove interesting as there are eighé pupils in the entrance his ear and each have a different sub- t. We sure hope old man winter will be kind enough soon to save some snow for next year. For nearly two weeks now hardly a day has come but we have had a fall of snow, even though a light one and the wind has no intention of letting it lay for long either. So if the plow doesn't show up soon we may have to get out and dig. Refrigeration, That's What The Eskimos Need Brochet, Man, Mar. 1.--(CP) -- Greatest need of Canada's inland Eskimos is not a collection of heat- ing appliances--but refrigeration. Twenty-two-year-old Charles Sch- weder, a fur trader from Windy Bay, 250 miles north of here, has become convinced that an enter- prisling travelling salesman would find quite a market for ice boxes in the north country. The rea.on, he said in an inter- view here, was that Eskimos rely entirely on caribou for food. Al- though they slaughter them with spears. and knives as the barren ground reindeer ford rivers on their southward migration, they have no are invited to hear Grade VIII say way of preserving the meat. $3,600 Is Missing In Wet Canteen, Auditing Ordered Kitchener, Mar. 1.--(CP) -- The Kitchener branch of the Canadian Legion has ordered an independen§ audit of the books of the wet candi teen steward after treasurer J. Gil Becker reported that $3,600 Ww missing from canteen funds, Gordon Thompson, chairman the canteen committee, told branch meeting the shortage wa first discovered last September. Al that time, on recommendation o the canteen committee, the steward was discharged and ordered egpell: ed from the Legion, Telephone To Carry Premier's Messag Ottawa, Ont.--Prime Minister W L. Mackenzie King will address message to the guests at the Be Centennial Dinner to be held at the Bell Homestead, Tutela Heigh Brantford, on March 3rd. Prime Minister will speak to diners by direct telephone line. Hi message will be broadcast as part of the feature program over a C.B.C| network, Alexander Graham Bell connections with Canada and th importance of his contributions Canadian life are expected to form | | | the theme of Mr. King's address. Mark Centennial Of Alexander Graham (Moffett Studio, Chicago, 1918) ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL LEXANDER GRAHAM BELL was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, cn March 3, 1847. His grandfather was a well-known actor, Alexander Bell, who was interested in voice production and became a teacher of elocution. He was the editor of Elegent Extracts, a widely used reader and elocu- tion book. Alexander Melville Bell, father of the inventor, was : a speech therapist and originator . of the system known as Visible Speech, a set of phonetic symbols ! representing the position of the + ips and tongue while making * sounds. This system was used for reaching deaf-mutes to speak. i: Bell was educated at McLaren's ¢ Academy and the Royal High 3 §cnoel. Edinburgh. When he was irteen. he spent a year with his . frandfather, Alexander Bell, in -ondon, where he first studied suggest a method of removing the hulls from wheat before grinding. By experiment Aleck discovered that the hulls could be removed by brushing with a stiff brush, so 'he suggested that a disused vat should be equipped with a rotary rushing wheel. Herdman adopted the boy's suggestion and used it for some years. It is interesting to note that the name Graham was one adopted he treatment of defects in speech. Inventor at 15 . Before he reached the age of 15, « dell had made his first practical ¢ nvention. A miller called Herd- : nan asked young Bell if he could + THE PHOTOPHONE Ii...: 'placed in general use, this device was nevertheless a fore- runner of film sound-iracks and the electric eye. { duced artificially. Through a mis- by Bell himself, when he was 11 ears old, because he wanted to > distinguished from the two older Alexanders, his father and his grandfather. He took the name from Alexander Graham, a friend of his father's who owned planta- tions in Cuba. In 1862 Bell became a student teacher at Weston House in Elgin, Scotland, where he later, after a year at the University of Edin- burgh, became a regular member of the staff. He taught elocution and music. Bell's Talking Dog This work with elocution and speech training was of the greatset importance in Bell's future career, He experimented with a Skye ter- rier, training him to growl con- tinually so that Lh» could shape the dog's mouth and vocal cords manually to produce syllables. \The dog's masterpiece was the entence, "Ow ah oo ga ma ma", representing "How are you grand mama". After seeing a talking dummy at a show, Bell and his brother constructed a talking dummy with a model skull and an imitation larynx. The experiments caused a certain amount of alarm and despondency among the neighbors, and were therefore discontinued. While at Weston House, Bell learned of Helmholtz's experie ments in Germany with electri- cally actuated tuning-forks with which vowel sounds were pro- reading of the German text, Bell thought that the sound were actu- ally transmitted through a wire. THE PHONAUTOGRAPH To Brantford on holiday Bell took this curious device in July, 1874. Actuated by a mounted human ear, the wisp of straw traced sound patterns on a smoked glass. This instrument gave Bell the idea for the telephone dia- phragm. But before he had corrected this false notion the seed of the idea of the telephone had been planted in his brain. His interest thus aroused, Bell began experiments with elec- tricity, and when he became an instructor at Sommersetshire Col- lege, Bath, England, he installed an electric telegraph between his room and that of a friend. In 1867 Bell's younger brother died of tuberculosis, and Bell's life. was threatened. His father went on a lecture tour in North America, during which he searched for a locality that would be salutary to his son's health. During his father's tour, Bell directed the practice in London which Melville Bell had inherited from old Alexander Bell when the latter died in 1865. Aleck also taught a special class of' deaf pupils and studied the anatomy of the vocal appartus at the Uni- versity of London. , Bell In Canada In 1870, Bell's older brother died. Melville Bell, worried about the health of his surviving son, determined to move at once to Canada. On August 1, t'.e Bell family Janded at the City of Quebec, from where they traveled to Paris, Ontario. At Paris they stayed at the home of the Rev. Thomas P. Henderson, a Baptist minister and a school inspector, who had known the Bells in the old coun- try. Henderson was largely re- sponsible for persuading the Bells to come to Canada. After a short stay with the Hen- dersons, Melville Bell found a house that suited him at Tutela Heights, Brantford, Ontario, where Bell, Man Who Gave Wings To Words On March 3, 1947, scientists and educationists all over the world will observe the 100th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Graham Bell. At Edinburgh, his native city; at Brant- ford, Ontario, where he invented the telephone, and at many other points in United States, ceremonies will mark the centennial of the birth of a great teacher, inventor, humanitarian, scientist and world citizen, moved his family on August 10, 1870. Eight months of life at Brant- ford set Bell on the road to re- covery, so that on April 1, 1871, he could set out sor Boston to a teaching job. During those eight months Bell transcribed the lan- guage of the Mohawk tribe in Visible Speech at the nearby Six Nations Reservation at Onondaga, At Boston, Bell specialized once more in the treatment of speech defects and in the teaching of the deaf. He opened a school for teachers who wanted to teach the deaf and he met, in his first year, two men who were to become his most valuable allies. One of them, Gardiner Greenc Hubbard, also became his father- in-law. Hubbard was leader of the movement to teach the deaf to speak, not merely to use a sign language. Many people thought at the time (in an age when treat- ment of the mentally ill was ex- tremely crude) that deaf-mutes were akin to lunatics. Hubbard was pleased to have the support of the brilliant young Scottish teacher. The other man was Thomas Sanders, a leather mer- chant, whose little deaf son, George, was one of Bell's first pupils. Harmonic Telegraph In 1873 Bell became Professor of Vocal Physiology at Boston University. He also began experi- ments on a harmonic telegraph, which were to lead him directly to the invention of the telephone, . The purpose of the harmonic telegraph was to permit more than one message to be sent over the same wire, and thereby speed up telegraph service. He planned to send out messages pitched in dif- ferent keys of the musical scale, each of which would be picked up by a receiver tuned to the same note. At first he tried tuning- forks, later steel reeds attached to electro-magnets. Hubbard and Sanders agreed to finance him'in his experiments. In 1874, Bell met Thomas A. Watson, an electrician who was to be his collaborator in his great- est invention. During the year he experimented with devices for making picture patterns of sound. One of these was a mounted human ear-drum. It was this de- vice that gave him the idea for the telephone, which occurred to him while he was on holiday dur- BRR BRA Bod dive The Inventor of 'the telephone stands bareheaded kaptiniath TIE, ial are heroic female figures fl g the (central) in relief represents mankind sending forth three Thousands of tourisis visit this shrine annually, ander Graham Bell's birth, The Bell Memorial at Brantford, Ont before the impressive memorial fo his work, designed by W. 8. Allward, on the occasion of its unveiling by the Duke of Denvonshire, October 24, 1917. The ding and receiving a Canada and the ing the summer at Brantford, On- 'tario. During this vacation he dis~ cussed the possibility of a speake ing telephone with his father, First Patent In April, 1875, Bell received the patent for his Harmonic telegraph. In June, 'while experimenting with it, the reed froze to the elec tro-magnet, and when Watson plucked the reed to try to free it, Bell heard the sound of the plucked reed distinctly over the receiver in another room. Thus, for the first time, was a sound other than the jumping spark of a telegraph instrument) transmit. ted over a wire. In September Bell wrote out the patent specifi- cations for his telephone while on holiday at Brantford, Ontario, at his father's home. The patent for Bell's telephone was issued on March 7, 1876, and on March 10 the first recognizable sentence was heard over the tele- hone, Bell spilt some acid on is coat, and shouted, "Mr. Wat- son, come here, I want you." Wat- son rushed into the room in great excitement and announced that had heard every word distinctly-- over the telephone! On June 25, at the Philadelphia. N 0 indi bent figure and Sorrow. The r Knowledg March Srd this year marks the cenicnnial of Alex- And Much To Civilizatio were and: Ime A 's skin an This is a replica of the first telephone over which speech-sounds transmitted. A magnet attached to the diaphragm of gold- dulating current in the coil, The same principle was used in the "sound-powered" telephones with which some naval vessels were equipped in World War IIL Centennial Exhibition, Bell's tele- phone caused, a sensation. Em- peror Dom Pedro of Brazil was the first of the judges to test it. Sir Willjam Thompson, later Lord Kelvin, was another of the judges. The four years that followed were very active ones. Bell mar- ried Mabel Hubbard, daughter of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, 'in 1877. She had been deaf since early childhood, and Bell had given her some of the benefit of his teaching. Together the couple visited England and made many demonstrations of the telephone, including one at Osborne to Queen Victoria, During the next years Bell added refinements to the tele- phone, and helped with the organ- ization of the first Telephone Company. Much time was spent in lawsuits against persons ine fringing on the patents. Bell invented a device called the photophone, in which speech. was transmitted by means of light acting on selenium. This was an early piece of work along the same sort of lines that were to lead to talking films. When the telephone lawsuit had been straightened out, Bell ceased to be actively connected with the company. He devoted his time to the study of deafness and to many other researches. In 1886 he bought a property near Bad- deck, Nova Scotia, which he grad- ually expanded until he owned a whole headland. Here, in 1892, he built his summer home, in which he occasionally spent a winter. To this home, Beinn Bhreagh, came visitors from all over the world interested in every aspect of science and education. Helen Keller, the famous little girl who had learned to speak, read and write although she was striken with blindness in very early childhood, came to Beinn Bhreagh and experienced her first sea bathing. Samuel Langley, an early experimenter with aircraft, came and helped Bell to discover why a cat always lands on its feet. For years local inhabitants remembered the shocking sight o dignified gentlemen spending .the whole afternoon dropping pussy from the veranda railing onto a cushion below. At Beinn Bhreagh Bell de- veloped his great interest in| sheep-breeding and genetics and worked on many of his experi- ments with aviation and with hydroplanes. In 1917 a striking memorial to) Bell was unveiled at Brantford Ontario, by the Duke of Devon- shire. Bell attended the ceremon; and made a speech, in which hi said that the idea of the tele phone had been conceived, and the patent specifications had been drafted in Canada's Telephon City, Brantford, Ontario. In 1916, Bell received the dee gree Doctor of Laws from Queen's) University, Kingston, Ontario where his father, Melville Be! had been a faculty member, Alexander Graham Bell died on August 2, 1922, at his home, Beinn Bhreagh, near Baddeck, Nov Scotia, and was buried on the hill side nearby, with only a hug rough boulder to mark the site of his grave. His wife, Mabel Hub bard Bell, who had encouraged and helped him throughout his] long career since the invention of the telephone, and who had financed many of his later experi- ments, died in the following year, Her ashes were taken to the same hillside grave where her husband lay buried.