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§ nited States of ) (¥AL @nd ithe' British. Empire, i 3 3 Lond do AE this hen leads Singh the Brcion > tical ve 'recently been perial "unity and th. Beayerbrook of free trade within the Em. is been pu 4 most op- 8 book = a judicial survey of the pire) gelources by one of s greatest indus- ~ triafists, Lord Melchett, head of Tm- Chemical" Industries. . "Imperial Economic Unity" may be regarded ay an answer to the busi ness man's question: "To what ex- tent can the British Empire be made self-supporting as an econon.ic unit, sayd the Times reviewer, Broadly, thy answer is: At present, and fi the near future, the British. Empire, while able to supply all its demands for manufactured goods, could. be self-supporting only to a limited ex- tents owing to deficiencies in certain minerals and other raw materials, But as regards the more distant fu- e. granted intellifent co-operation ween Empire countries, full utilis ation of Dominion and Colonial po- tiatities, and a rational fiscal pol. y on a definitely Imperial basis, the thor concludes that the British Empire could become an extremely prosperous and le.gely self-support- Je economic unit, This conclusion 3 hosed on a dispassionate survey of the facts as they can be found in the ordinary statistical sources, ra- er than on any definite forecast of dg potentalities latent in the Empire r the increased production of vari- ous important agricultural and min< eral products, : To the politician who requires to ve a knowledee of Empire econo. oH affairs at his finger ti, tife Book may well prove invaluable, for until it appeared a great deal of time and. trouble was required to obtain # clear picture of the real cxtent and nature of Empire supplies in ree gard to any single product, On the subject of the niincral resources of "Empire. for instance, Lord Mel- eft, drawing on his own expert owledge, has much of interest 10 y. . He concludes: that the serious ineral deficiencies oi- the Empire e. petroleum,' potash, and sulphur, Bor: the "Empir. could hope ta rnish her own sus nlies "of these Mineral discoveries of new sources o supply hitherto untapped and un Ehown would have to be made, % There are ow three major eco fiomic groups in world trade: The America, Europe The posty n of the United Kingdom between ope and the "Empire is clearly sciissed. It is pointed out that ritish trade with Europe must nes sarily be mainly the inter-change bin vy and certain { fully manufactured goods =~ s which Britain is fully capable producing herselt' under properly Wjusted conditions. On the other trade with Empire countries has many wore advantages to offer, for it is largely complimentary and n-comipetitive, bi this eonnection rd - Melchett's comment on. the postion of British shipping is inter- esting. He says: "Broadly 'speak ing, raw materials represent . long hauls for our shipping, and manufac. tured goods short hauls, and of these yery great quantities are brought Ww this souatty in foreign ships." Fur- ther the steady expansion of agri- cultural production in the oversea Empire will fin turn, gause a compli, mentary' demand for manufactured \ 8, a high percentage of which dy comes from the United Kings fh The Times' critic goes on: "In 'a useful chapter showing the reciprocal position. of - proferential tariffs wishin the Empire, the author has alloded himself to over simplie fy the/relation between the perfer- 'enced granted to Great Dritain by us pions: between 1897 and ing that the' whole of the volume of British due to prefer i no doubt that _ preterentinl rebates did, prove of 'considerable value to British trade, etween 1890 and 1900 the Brit. "share of Canadian ts sank 386 per copt, to per cent. ig to the enormous increase in an trade with, the United tes of America, and between 1900 oa | and 1910 T to 618 perc 'would have beens more ac ¢ state that the preferences, when granted, checked the decline in 'the fbhre: of drads b held Sneat Britain t Dominions , t the | ferences have deco... of increasing a er rave J ¢ power of her indus vals has i ingteased fie +} {1 {1 unemployment Lblem and to secure the rapid devel- opment. of the purchasing power of the Empire, Lord Me att a ts that Great Britain should take the necessary action to ob f plete freedom from steietions, and he that the el te should to some future government of the country freedom to take the' steps necessary to | the pire' a real economic unit," / He states emphatically that there can be no single method = whereb the problems of the Empjre devels opment can be solved. goes on to say "that the ideal of the policy in its broadest aspect implies the minimum. aomunt of tariff barriers within the Empire." It is his view that all the possible methods of pro. Hoting Imperial unity should be con- sidered as specific cases arise. The more important methods which Lord Melchett considers might be ' used are: Imperial tarl preference, Im- perial mergers of great combinations, subsidies, and even import prohibi. tions, In discussing the utility of tariff to increase Empire supplies British imports, Lord Melchett makes the very interesting observation that "the effect of tariff depends economi- cally on the rates of untaxed to taxed supply, and where the former is sufficiently large experience hag generally shown that ary rise in the cost of the taxed' article is practis cally negligible." The determination of certain of the Dominions aud India to develop manufacturing industries is fully re- cognized, and Lord Melchett pain. tains that "we should seek to do all we can to help the Dominions ta develop industries which already are or can be economic." In return for such assistance it is hoped to obtain increased advantages in the supply of such goods as it is economically advantageous for the Dominions to import, The fast two. chapters are devoted 10 an interesting though necessarily brief survey of British oversea trade and of the chief mar. kets for British industries within the Empire, The post-war revival of world trade and the growth of the "export trade of foreign countries at a rate greater than that of Great Britain" has today lost her predomi nance and must compete on "equal terms or more. often on. unequal ternis -- owing to tariffs," He there- fore places his hope in a new pdlie based upon 'the securing to British industry of large scale 'markets, which. he finds in a scientifically de- veloping Empire offefing = "cumula. tively increasing markets for British | manufactures." HIGH FRENCH HONORS GO TO MONTREALERS Montreul,--Decortions awarded | by France to two Montrealers, were | conferred by Consul<General Edou- ard Carteron, during a meeting of the Alllance Francaise, recently. Professor William Caldwell, form- er head of the philosophy depart ment at McGill University, and W. A, Baker, local French-Canadian poet, were thosg' degorated, the first with the degree of "Officer de I'Ae- struction Publique," and the other with the degree of "Otficler o 1'A¢- ademie)'. Hon, Jean Knight, Min- present and among the guests of honor was Wesley Frost, American Consul-Gepneral, The meeting had been convened for a lecture of Professor Eugene Deprez ou French Pompeis in Af. rica, who described the works ac- complished by the Romans in North Africa. Being ideal colonists, sajd Mr. Deprqz; they penetrated peace- fully into every region, always tol. erant of the manners, habits and beliefs of those they conquered, Unhappily, said the speaker, Aran. invasions all hut destroyed the ves. tiges of Roman civilization' in Af- ca, which passed away so coms pletely, that without! the monu. ments excavated In recent times, one could ask wheher the Romans had been there at all THY AEROPLANE IN THE NORTH * The aeroplane has in the last: few vears been employed in the north land of Canada « use for nil service, prospecting, and general commercial purposes is rapidly ine "per ge creasing. 14 Geat' Brifein's shave of | African imports changed froin ! t x to} industry as the . ll, | boldness o | the future, this {work with them outd for idea is not to con thote [to Mus Mean: FREE ART STUDY 5 COMMENCED Saturday Classes in Toronto Limited to 250 Children Toronto.~Canada has just taken an imortant step, in the field of art education and art appreciation Like Mexico, this country can now claim the institution of a free school' of art, open in one of its main cities, to Interested and tal ented children, The venture is beiug launched by Arthar Lismer, Educational Super visor of the Art Gallery of Toronto, The Art Gallery is the building in which children are gathered every Saturday morning for free classes in art. Not only are the classes open without cost, to all children who have a fair inclination toward /the fine arts, but even the material to work with js distributed to them free. 'The first group of children was gathered on Feb, 8. More than #00 children attended. Between Feb. 8, and the following week more than 500 applications were filed. Yet in order to give the best attention to children attending the Saturday morning free class of art, it has been decided no more than 260 children would be admitted, and a selection Is being made, in consultation with thelr respective teachers, of the most interested and best fitted students. No less than 60. publle, separate and private schools are represented and noth. ing In a long time has stirred as much interest or caused as grea! an excitement In those Canadian homes where there are youngsters between the age of 8 and 13 than this happening. Inquiries have been placed at the office of Mr. Lismer from all sec- tions of the Dominion, Art teach. ers and heads of various art or- ganizations, In Ontario, Manitoba and as far as Alperta, are anxious to hear whether the experiment will lend itself to duplication elsewhere "Our «main object." said MY. Lismer in a special interview, "is not to try to turn out artists by the thousands. We are not cons ducting a wholesale preparatory school of art, with hich pressure in- fluence and work. We want to give these childeed a true, honest taste of art, and we feel that one of the best ways In which to achigve this is to keep up their enthusiasm and allow: them to draw, eventually paint or even mode! clay or cut wiod or stone, It is not a falr method of preparifig them to be in- telligent art appreciators?'" asks this art educator ,while his con- viction and. efforts have already answered his query, The free manner in which the, classes arg conducted is most con- ducive t6 an intelligent apprecia- on. This Saturday Ajt group is fvided into two sections; the yosuger children are under the supervision of an assistant and kept in one gallery, preferably where simple work is shown or work which hak an appeal to children. Meanwhile, Mr, Lismer who looks after 'the older children, is going about the rooms checking up here and thers, saying a word of en- couragement. to a studious littla boy born from English parents, who is hesitatingly carrying his pencil on his paper, fearful of Jetting him gel! go to the. point of drawing a poor line or a foolish one. He will stop behind the chair of a bright looking girl, with a curly mass of dark hair apd sharp black eyes, a decided mouth an da still more de- cided brow, and he will smile at the f her drawing in which with A. untel and am- hand all the fire of her emotional race. "This child little Canadian, but her parents & >» | Then speaking of his plans for inter, who is also, a murvellous educator, looks upon the snow covered park: and says: to take the older students to Zoo, to the country and I will my tine work." yo ee oe 10 ? . 0 ne cular ship. An array of "tention on art fan I | will have in use his sénse of o vation as gin 4 a Oe, weil as his in bast draw ngs in : : y and the 8 - 80 much ats the question of creative ea eR or Sok rn are Russian," explains Mr, Lismer. | "When spring at last comes, I in- | fishing has started rivers, | (1) Fishermen the water with long pole to drive fish into the net, - and sucker in Ontario Photographs here show; preparing to life helr nets from the water of Etobi- Spring has coun roke River, Ont; (2) two energetic fishermen holding (8) some of the atch, and fisherman beating a-- teers pes -- -- of Professor Cizek of Viena which has beep elreulafed throughout the United "States and Canada, after having been seen in évery art centre in Burope, to the work of the Mexi- eapr school children which has bees oxhibited 'every winter for the last ow years in every important mus- um on this 'continent, interested Canadians may hope to see added the work of their own children, The venture of the Art Gallery of Toronto Is only a" lead, The rest of the story will be told, when every Canadian city sees its way to do- ing as much or more. BLAMES NOITiERS FOR VIEWPOINT OF MODERN GIRLS Girls Meant to "Many and Will Regret Staying Single, Says Teacher London, "It is always a mat- ter of surprise to me that people should ever regard cooking and household work 'ng degrading while they consider typing and looking after a mans letters as en nobiing," declared Miss Charlotte Cowdray, principal of hte Crouch End High School. "Girls are meant to marry---- there is no getting away from the fact, So many women have told me how they bitterly regret not having married when they were young and had the chance, "The pity of it {3 many a mod- ern girl does not realize this when she 1s young ahd having a good time. She earns as much and 'in some Instances morg than her young men Jriencs This makes the young men diftidént about ask- ing 'such independent young wom- én to marry thow, znd if they do ask them, the girls do not like the idea of giving up their own good salaries to those of-the man, "1 think modern mothers are largely %o blame. | have Known some who haVe de'iberately brok on off thelr daughtprs' engage. ments because they thought thar daughters would not be able to en- 1 Joy 1ife as much oun their fiance's salaries," Ml Cowdray belleves that "all thi cry about surplus women 13 very much over-rated." In 'her | opliiion_ there is a rcal dearth of | marriagezble girls, . Young meu dre in want of girls who would kpull their wefght in the marriage boat, They do Lot _want mere dance partneis, SCULPTRESS HAS FOUND SUBJECTS TRULY CANADIAN Elizabeth Wood Excels in In- terpretation of Nature Scenes Toronto, April . ~Phere is » Sculptor Soclety of Canada, now fully established and actually func- tioning. There are a number of sculptors scattered throughout the Dominion and every important ex- hibition includes a so-called sculp ture section, yet the question aris "Is there such a thing as Can wdian sculpture?" Whatever ha been #éep, during the Jast 10 months, In the nationwide exhib itions of art tends to narrow the field of Canadian sculpture to a very scant beginning. While Canadian painters draw their fpspiration and mueh of their style from a purely Canadian back- ground and environment, Canadian sculptors are still deing goodly work whith hails from the art school and could be seen anywhere without any chante of it betraying the country or particular phere in which it was created, Local Inspiration There is perhaps one oxeception to.this general non-ideytity of geulpture in Canagla and it is to be found in the work of Klizabeth Wood of Toronto, who was repre. sented by three pieces of work at the 68th annual Kxbibition of the Ontario Soclety of Artists, she clone ceems to have found an in. spiration in her own background and country for the work she pro 08 olr home. They are: Charles and L aged 18: Floramee and Dorothy, aged 11, and Jean and For Wh atmos- | tion with a true feeling for plastic duces. She dombines imagine. art and an adequate understanding of the value of the three dimen- sions In sculpture work, Indeed other sculptors through out Canad® are creating pleces of work not altogether Indifferent, iu portrait studies, in the class of im» aginative compositions, in the des. criptive style and in some cases in mere monumental achiovements | one finds, here and there, pieces that have sculptural merit, KXman- uel Hahn, Henri Hebert, Florence Wyle, Francis Loring, Suzor-Cote are undoubtedly equally serious iv thelr approach to sculpture, a+ though they Andividually differ in | mods and intention, yet 'when | looking for a Cenadian art express [fon one hus to turn to this silent, puzzling little woman, Elizabeth | Wood. Her figure compositions | drift away from the academic | viewpoint as much as her interpre- tations of nature themes. She is a born sculptor and her tempera. ment is distinctly an artist's tem- perament, Canadian Archipenko She is to sculptyre what Prud- once Heward Is In painting, only sim is more sophisticated than the Montreal painter, and her tech- nique is more-brilliant, She also is in plastic art a sort of Lawren ! Harris, oxcept the intellectupd con: {tents of the work overbalance | every time the purely spizitual eles ments one finds in Harris' paints ings. She is further than that a young Canadian Archipenko with more purity to her line than is to be found in Archipenko"s work and with Jess extravagance of design, She is the first reason on which we may base our confidence in the ultimate awakening of a Canadian sculpture, A "Head", | "Passing Rain" "Déad Tree", and were the pleces she contributed to the O, 8. A. annual | this year. These contributions | stood out with remarkable distine- {ton and in them one discovered | the elements of & ucw chapter to 1 be soon added to the history ot | contemporary art in Canada, Eliz- abeth Wood is bound to inspire other artists and when she does there will happen in the field of sculpture, in Canada, "what hap= pened when The Group of Seven came into being and Canadian painfing became bonsclous of its possibilities and destiny, ENTERTAMN SOLDIER WIDOWS ~London,-- Forty-four soldier's widows, many of them with white hair and faces lined with age, sat In rapt attention at Aldwych Thea. tre duripg the matinge charity per formance of "A Night Like This, in ald of the Royal Cambridge Home for Soldler's"s Widows, Just before the curtain went up the old. set widow there, Mrs, Sarah Coop- er-~ ghe is 78--was taken to the Royal Box, where the Queen sat 'With Princess Mary, Mrs, Cobper carried a bouquet of pink carnas tions to present to Her Majesty. _ The-wood of all Canadian speuces is tasteless and odourless, making it valuable for food containers, N is flto in grat, demand Jor musical in- raments, principally, n Bian soutiding ody on phibes ete, . Ps by . \ Artificial graphite, un electric furs nace product, is made near Niagara (Falls, Ontario. 4 3 SAFETY EXPERTS MEET IN TORONTO R. 5. McLaughlin is on Ad- visory Committee of Convention Toronto, 'April 7-~Men, promin. ent in the industrial lite of Ontariv and the Dominfon will"he gathered here on April 24, when the annual Safety Convention is opened. Thé convention is under the auspices of the Industrial Aceident Prevention Association _and includes an ex- hibition of the most modern safety appliances, P 4 During the two days of the gath. ering addresses will be dellvess. by E, W. Beatty. X. C.. chairman and president of the Canadian Pacific Railway; the Hon, G, How- ard Ferguson, premier of Ontario; W.: Da Robb, vice-president of the Canadian National Railways and by a number' of men who are specla Usty In safety ap well as being the heddsuo! large concerns conyention will not confine {taplt, to. addresses but there will be some close study of such matters as workmen's compensation and better methods of protecting men from the dangers of machinery. The convention is expected to result in some concrete suggestions for the greater efficiency and safety of plants-~suggestions which will be J of benefit to businéss and govern. ment, A. BE, Adam, of Hamilton, is to be the chairman, The advisory com- mittee of the convention dnelddes J. E. Atkinson, W. R. Campbell, Thomas Bradshaw, C, H, Carlisle, A. 0, Dawson, G. H., Duggan, D, C., Durlapd, W. C. Franz, R, 8. Me- Laughlin, J, 8. McLean,"R. H, Me- Master, *P, J. Myler, A, C. Tagge, John M, Taylor, and D, M, Wright. Separate meetings will be held by the Woodworkers Accident Pre- vention Association, Ceramics and Stone Safety Association, Metal Trades Safety Association, Chemical Industries Safety Assoclation, Food Products Safety Association, Leath- er, Rubber and Tanners' Safety Association, Textile and' Allied In- dustries Safety Association, Print. ing Trade Accident Prevention Ase sociation, and Construction Safety Association ent ALL GET BLUES IN ARCTIC MID WINTER Wimipeg, Man. April 7. ~ All the top-of-the-world folk get the blues when it's "mid-winter in the arctic. This is the comment of William Mut, ray, manager of the Hudson's Bay Canpany post at Herschel Island, off the north shore of Canada, He re. fers to the brief period when day. time is a generous word for two hours of murky twlight. From November 26 until January 16, observes Mr. Murray, no sun is visible at Herschel Island, Little or no traveling is done, although there is fairly good light at mid-day, when a red glare appears in the southern sky. For days before the sun's re. turn natives stand eagerly on top of their igloos seeking first glimpses of Old Sol. CAPT, ROBER? DOLLAR President of the Dollar Steamship Co,, is fl at his home in Cali- fornia, Capt. Dollar vecently ob- served his 86th birthday and because of his age friends ave sppréhensive, He was one of the oarly settlers of Bracebridge district, starting a lumber busi- ness in 1872. Before this he had worked in lumber camps on the Gatineau, In 1884 he moved to Marquette, Michigan, and be- came an American citizen, He was born in Scotland, CRIPPLES ARE AIDED BY MODERN SCIENCE Montreal, = The under-privileged, handicapped cripple of today is the useful citizen of tomorrow, said Dr, Breitman at the conclusion of an address which he gave to the Baron de Hirsch Book Club a short time ago, Investigations showed, he said, that the causes of crippling were tu- berculosis, infantile paralysis, con» genital deformities and accidents, Infantile paralysis was the most pre- valent, | Dr. Breitman stressed the usefulness of serum applied in the carly stages of the discase owing to the fact that the deformitigs which it caused were progressive im nature Treatment in hospital was the best for cases of this kind. Referring to congenital deformi- ties, Dr. Breitman said that the me dical profession could now give every assurance of a complete cure, It was believed that 50 per cent of crippled children can be restored to normal, He estimated that there were ap proximately - 7,500 cripple children in Canada and that 500 were being add ed every year, He paid a tribute to the work done in the interests of the erippled chill by the service clubs and referred to the recent foundation of the Province of Que- bec; Society for Crippled Children, The crippled child too had better prospects in industry now than those of long ago, for it was found possible to employ disabled people in modern factogges where they could do work that was equal if not superior to that which was done by people with nor- mal limbs, STRENGTHENING BUTTER BOXES Recent tests on hutter hoxes at the Forest Products Laboratories Department of the Interior, showed that one wire applied around the een. tre of fhe box donbles its strength, Think it you with iy SSURANC TORONTO, CANADA .- Let Your Garage Save You Money Your car is worth protecting; worth keeping in good shape. 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