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MINERAL CONTROL CAN PREVENT WAR Importance of Regula- (By The Canadian Press) Johannesburg, Union of South Af- rica, July 31.--"The only two powers that can fight for long on their own ' natural resources are the British Empire and the United States; if they agree in refusing to export min- eral products to countries that in- fringe the Kellogg pact, no war can last very long," declared Sir Thomas Holland, president of the British As- sociation for the Advancement of Science, in" his presidential address to the great scientific body here. Sir Thomas stressed the point that control of mineral resources could be made an insurance for peace. Min- erals were essentials of military power as well as of civilization itself. "As our friends acrossethe Atlantic have recently learned, it is easier to stop exports than to prevent im- ports; the customs officer is more effective, less expensive and far less dangerous than a blockading fleet," he continued. i The concentration of mineral re- sources in Western Europe and North America directly contributed to the advanced civilization of these regions, Sir Thomas pointed out. "Thus, in these two main areas, sep- arated by the Atlantic ocean, a fam- ily of industries based on mineral re- sources has arisen to dominate the world; for no similar area, as far as our geological information tends to show, seems to combine the essential features in any other part of the world," he continued. "Other parts of the world will continue to supply minor accessories; and the isolated basic industries associated with coal and iron will supply local needs on a relatively small scale, But political control, which follows industrial dominance, must lie with the coun- tries that border the North Atlantic." The president disposed of the pop- ular theory that the Far East, when industrialized, would menace the supremacy of the white races, He stressed that China and other coun- tries of the Far East, arc deficient in those essential deposits of min- erals on which the mechanized form of civilization is based. Sir Thomas Holland is of Cana- dian parentage, his father being the late John Holland of Springfield, Man, He is president of University of Edinburgh and one of the world's reatest geologists, During the World War he was president of the Indian Industrial Commission and of the Indian board of munitions. No nation is entirely. self-contain- ed, Sir Thomas pointed out. The new era of international dependence was inaugurated with the 20th cen- tury, but was not realized properly until war broke out in 1914, 'hen it was found the developments in peace had changed the requirements in war, Germany found she needed 10 times 'more nickel than Central Europe could produce, and Great Bri- tain had the mortification of seeing her enemy's needs supplied by one of the greatest Dominions--Canada. The Canadian ores, the world's main source, were being smelted and re- fined in the United States and, so long as that nation was neutral, were being supplied to Scandinavia, also neutral--from whence they were im- ported by Germany, Political Boundaries THe political boundaries of thc na- tions, originally delimitated on con- siderations dominantly agricultural in origin, have now no natural relation to the distribution of their minerals, which arc nevertheless essential for the maintenance of industries in peace time as well as for the require- ments of defence," he continued. "This circumstance gives a special meaning to measures recently de- signed on supplementary lines in Europe and America for the main- tenance of international peace, meas- ures which can succeed only if the facts of mineral distribution become ducing matters controversial; every- one here must agree on two things, namely, our desire and even hope for international peace, and consequently the necessity of surveying the min- eral situation as developments in technological science change the con- figuration of the economic world." Declaring that when the world's .. THE OSHAWA DAILY TIMES, THURSDAY, AUGUST 1, 1929 -- recognized as a contfolling feature in future international dealings ~ "If minerals are essenfial for the sainfenagce of Dut nel & Bvilization: t! are, a ng to testimon: bog bord in and history, worth fighting for; and if, according to the bad habits which we have inherited from our Teriary ancestors, they are worth fighting for, their effective control under our reformed ideas of civilization should be made an in- surance for peace. In so attempting to correlate the facts of mineral dis- tribution with questions of public policy, there is no danger of intro- stocks of mineral, now being used up at a rapidly accelerating rate, werc exhausted, civilization as we know it would no longer exist, Sir Thomas discussed the extent of the world's resources. He pointed out that the world had used more minerals in the last 25 years than in all previous his- tory combined. "For the present we can assume with fair confidence that taking the world as a whole, the depletion of na- tural resources is not yet alarming, although 'the rate of acceleration by reason of its local variation - forces into prominence some international problems, which will influence and, if effectively tackled will facilitate, the efforts to stabilize conditions of international relations," he 'said. Abundance of Nickel Nickel, in spite of its price and limited use, is twice as abundant as copper, five times as abundant as zine, 10 times as abundant as lead and from 50 to 100 times as abun- dant as tin, Sir Thomas revealed. There are among the so-called rare metals some distinctly more abun- dant' than lead, though this is the cheapest and is used at the rate of more than a million tons a year. These points indicated two things: First, the miner works only these deposits where the metal is concen- trated sufficiently to make exploita- tion profitable; and second, the me- talliferous ores vary greatly in the completeness with which they have been concentrated in. special places to form workable deposits. Nickel, for instance, occurs under conditions which conspicuously hinder its free- dom of local concentration and con- sequently its wide distribution is of little comfort to those anxious about their supplies of this metal, which jumps suddenly into importance with every rumor of war, Sir Thomas said :--"Every advance in metallurgical science and in mining technology that makes its possible to work out low-grade ores adds ap- preciably to the actuarial value of civilization; for our mineral re- sources can be worked once and once only in the history of the world, and when our supplies of metalliferous ore approach exhaustion, civilization such as we have now developed dur- ing the last century must come to an end. When a miner raises a sup- ply of ore in concentrated form for the metallurgist, he damages, and so places beyond reach for ever, far larger quantities of residual ore than he makes available for use. When a metallurgist takes over the pro- duct of the miner and separates the refined metal for use in the Arts, he also incurs serious losses, although not to the same extent. There are thus before both the miner and the metallurgist opportunities for extend- ing the actuarial value of civilization; and because the cost of labor is the principal constituent in the total bill, and has recently swamped contem- porancous advances in technology, the gradual elimination of manual labor by mechanization is obviously the most profitable line of research." GOD SAVE CANADA! Heaven guard our native land! May she still proudly stand, Fronting the morn! °° Pulsed with the Viking 'strain, Clasped by the friendly main, In peace as once in pain, We reap our corn, Through the red flame of war We raised stern Honor's star, Freedom to fend. We, like our sires of old, Ward still our field and fold; Never a foe so bold Dares us offend. Empire have we confessed, Round earth from east to west, One hope we stand. Holding our North in fee, Fame points our destiny; Faith's star beams loyalty, Brave Native Land! --Craven Langstroth Betts, Ask any experienced contractor, ask any carpenter, ask them what Firm can be depended upon for consistency of quality in standard graded lumber, and for absolute dependability in delivery service. Whether. they, themselves, are buying lumber or not, their answer will be the same in either case, You too, can have the same ex- perience, by calling us. Oshawa Lumber COMPANY, LIMITED 25 Ritson Road North TELEPHONE 2821.2820 The photographs here show sev- eral interesting members of the party of immigrants who landed in Canada over the week-end and who are now on their way to var- ious parts of the Dominion to pick up the threads of a mew life in a new land, filled, so they hope, with, opportunity. They are shown here as they appeared at the To- ronto Union Station while passing through. (1) This youthful voy- ager may be coming to a new land but she isn't going to entirely dis- sociate herself with the old, for here she has brought her most prized possession--a rag doll, (2) Mrs. Mandink Wassil, from Kalus, Galicia, who declared she came to Canada 'because farming condi- tions in Poland are terrible." She is seen here with her child, and (3) this youngster, Trevor Day, from England, who is on his way to Perth, Ont., declares stoutly that "I know I'll like Canada." DISCUSSES CHINA'S PRESENT PROBLEM Woman Welfare Worker Reviews Position in Light of Personal Experience WOMAN'S SHARE Says China Has No Hatred For Russia, But Seeks Independence Montreal, Aug. 1.--A little Chinese lady of about 25 years, pretty, fas- cinating, a mistress of diplomacy, her beautiful shingled head a storehouse of knowledge, may play a prominent part in thc present China-Russian impasse according to Miss A. Clark, of the London Missionary Society who has just returned to Montreal after four and a half years in China The woman is Madame Chiang Kai Shiek, wife of the Nationalist leader, and sister-in-law of Madame Sun Yat Sen, whose husband known as the Christian General swayed the fortunes of China up to the time of his death a few years ago. Miss Clark knew these shapers of the destiny of the East and has met the members of their families. "Madame Chiang Kai Shek," she said in an interview recently, "ha a charming, very alive and alert per- sonality. Extremely up to date, she is very well read and interested in diplomacy and she would be quite likely to influence her husband al- though in which direction I cannot say." : As to Chiang Kai Shek himself, Miss Clark said that he was not strong physically while from a lead- ership standpoint she does not con- sider that he is as powerful as Sun Yat Sen, Rapid Changes : War, she hopes and believes, will be avoided, "Things change so quickly out there," she said, "that often you scarcely know what is go- ing to happen, Suddenly there is a flare-up but then a way out is found and all becomes quiet again. I be- lieve that the people want peace. Eighty per cent are farmers and they arc tired of having their crops de- stroyed over and over again. There are some military leaders who may be seeking merely their own ends but the great mass of the people are peaceful, : "After the war, China desired the aid of a western power to help her in her organization and she turned to Russia. Now she wants to throw off Russia but Russia apparently re- fuses to go. No, the Chinese do not hate the Russians. "At all events I think that we can safely say that the people arc at the back of the present Nationalist move- ment. What the world must do is to have patience with China. It is a huge place, struggling, struggling | with tremendous problems of admin- become striving to 1 public to develop a and and whether Madame Chiang Kai Shek is a Christian, Miss Clark replied that while she could not ex- actly describe her as a Christian she has often spoken to her "of a power behind everything." * Discusses Sun Yat Sen The former leader Sun Yat Sen, she said, "was more like an OW 'Testament leader, a Moses leading the people of Israel. The Chinese likened him to Moses who would de- liver them from the thraldom- of the old regime." : It is from Christianity that Miss Clark sees the greatest hope for China, "small Christian forces at work throughout the land exerting an influence which must have tre- mendous possibilities." The young women of the educated classes are very advanced and in the treaty ports they read extensively, play tennis and basketball, dance a good deal and many go out with men friends sans chaperon. In the interior, however, they always have a chap- cron. Women have always smoked, but 'whereas the pipe used to be popular now cigarettes are in big demand, she said. Position of Women In the opinion of Miss Clark her sex is going to take an increasingly important part in the direction of Chinese affairs, and she said she would not be surprised to see women in a Chinese parliament at no distant date. A movement called ' "Bing Tung --"Equal rights"--is, she d¢- clared, making great strides and has many new supporters. Miss Clark expects to return to China next wear. She went out first from England and has spent 20 years in the East. As a. trained nurse she } Eo undertook hospital work at the out- set but has since been doing women's work in the 20 country stations being conducted by the Missionary Society around Shanghai. She is staying in Montreal with her brother, Superin- tendent L, C. Clark, of the Y.M.C.A THE WHEAT GAMBLE (New York World) The alleviation 'of the wheat grow- ers' troubles is due mainly to the drought has cut down the Canadian vagaries of the Canadian weather. A yield and prices have improved ac- cordingly, It is regrettable that the improvement in this country has been caused by the misfortunes of a neighbor. We should have preferred to have it come in a different manner, but, while sympathizing with the Canadian farmers, we are no less happy that our own have escaped the troubles which a few weeks ago seem- | ed to be in store for them, i 20483 DIEINUS, INAUTO ACCIDENTS | CIN LAST 4 YEARS That Figure Only Accounts For the Larger «Cities Washington, Aug. 1.--Automo- bile accidents have caused a total of 29,483 deaths in 78 of the large cities of the United States since May, 1925, the Department of Commerce announced. Its report shows that the four- week period ending with July 13, 1928, had 635 deaths, the largest for that year, while the 52 weeks ending with that date had 7.911 deaths as compared with 7,177 for the 52 weeks ending July 14, 1928. The rate of fatality per 100,000 population of the cities increased from 21.9 for the 52-week period ending July 14, 1928, to 24 for the 52-week period just ended. It represented a 10 per cent increase in such deaths in a single year. On The Increase Of the deaths in the four-week period ending July 13, 1929, 513 occurred from accidents which hap- pened within the city limits, while in 1928 for the corresponding four- week period 435 occurred in eity limits, Three Bedford, Mass., Spokane and Tacoma, Wash., reported no deaths from automobile accidents for the four weeks ending July 13, 1929, as compared with five for the corre- sponding period last year---Albany, Cambridge, Duluth, Jersey City cities, New HE With all the bran of the whole' When fussy a baked, fla fruits. are hard to please, these crisp, ovehs vory | of whole wheat give zest to, meal for work or play. Delicious with whole milk and . py in of " ¥ and Waterbury. New York City in the four weens ending July 13 last had 96 deaths due to accidents in the city, com- pared with 76 for the like period a year ago. It had 1,131 deaths, of which 1,128 were due to acci- dents in the city for the 52 weeks ending July 13, compared with 1,- 091 deaths, of which 1,088 were due to accidents in the city, in the 62 weeks ending July 14, 1928. Newark Eleven Deaths Newark, N.J,, had 11 deaths, of which 10 were due to accidents in the city, during the July 13 week period, compared with 6 'deaths of the same period last year; and for the 52 weeks ending July: 13, 1929, had 95 deaths, of which 90 were due to accidents in the city, compared with 120 the year before, of 'which 114 were due to accidents in the city. Since May, 1925, the lowest total for any four-week petiod was 346 for the:one énding March. 27, 1926, and the highest i 771 for the four weeks ending' Dec. 29; 1928, THROWING AWAY AUTOS ; (New York Telegram) The facetious question, "What be- comes of all the old autos?" hasbeen current ever since our automabile age began. 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