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i ENT AT a RT TARE) LE he Seed 3 = 3a ety <g SR Xo Lar FATHER YATE AE REL RR SERD SE SCE ol AN PELs RU Cy EE me 25 Glacier In Alaska That Flows Uphill. « Geologists of the California In- itute of Technology headed by :Robert-P. Shagz.find that much ern Alaska flows uphill, A base camp was set up on the Jee near the center of the glacier about forty miles from the nearest ettlement, the native village of, akutat, Supplies and equipment were flown. in by heicopter,.It was found that the rock floor under the center of the glacier, which eovers more than 1,000 square "miles, slopes back inland toward $t. Elias Mountains to the north. Small charges of dynamite were set off in shallow holes in the ice. - The seismographs recorded the ~ shock waves reflected from the gock floor. Knowing the velocity of the waves through ice and the time it took them to_make a round trip to and: from the rock floor, it was possible to calculate how far they had traveled. The measurements indicated that the ice thickness along the ten- mile: line ranged between 1,130 and 2,075 feet and that the floor under the glacier center was at least 685 feet below sea level, whereas it rises above sea level at the glac- ler's outer edge. Uphill From Mountain Base "Thus," Professor Sharp says, "the sheet of ice constituting Mal- aspina Glacier moves uphill on its journey outward from the base of the mountains. This it cannot do by gravity, at 'least insofar as movement over !its floor is con- - cerned, Nor can the thrust of the Seward Glacier pouring out of the St. Elias Mountains be more than a minor factor because of the great mass of the Malaspina." - How is it possible for a glacier to flow uphill, or even over a flat surface? The late Max Demorest, an American geologist who -died during a rescue mission on the Greenland Ice Sheet in 192, thought that glacier flow over a flat floor was caused primarily by pressure differences in the ice mass arising . from unequal ice thickness. Plastic jce deep inside the glacier would be squeezed from high pressure regions, where the ice was thicker, . "to low pressure regions, usually the margins of the sheet. British glaciologists and physi-- cists countered with the suggestion that an ice sheet. flows over flat land by moving inside the glacier along inclined planes that slope downward toward its margins. Hole Inside Ice Sheet To solve the problem Dr. Sharp and his group sank a vertical hole 1,000 fect deep into the ice sheet and left the drill pipe in the hole. They bored into the sheet with an electrically heated hot point: The drill pipe .will probably be bent by the moving ice. Its degree of bending should be different at different depths within the glacier. By measuring the various: degrees of deformation, a vertical velocity profile can.be constructed for the ice sheet. If the pipe is bent more . at the bottom than at the top, it means that the lower portion of the glacier is moving more than the upper. This will lend support to the theory of squéczing induced by pressure differences. If the deformation "is greater at the top than at the bottom, support .will be given to some other concept, perhaps the British theory of grav- ity flow along sloping planes in the glacier. The pipe ultimately will be torn apart or crushed, but this is not fikely to happen for several years. type is so rare that medical men have named it In his honor. After at worldwide search the "Miltenberger Blood Factor" was found in only fhreé other cases, all in the family. Quick Diagnosis. In Manhattan wounded by a holdup man, hospit- alized Sam Klein took one shock- ed look at the new patient getting into the next bed, frantically eried: "That's the guy who shot me." "of the Malaspina Glacier in south- New Provinces To Be Reclaimed From Sea One day round about the year 1975 they will hoist flags on fine buildings in a new 'capital city the "piteof-whieh={§ Kt present covered by the sea. 'To-day a buoy marks the: place where the -capital-td-be of Holland's twelfth province, now being "reclaimed from the fornfer Zuider* Zee, will be established. . This amazing scheme, which be- gan in 1950, will cost Halland's taxpayers at least a quarter of a billion-dollars and will take a quar- ter of a century to complete. An area half the size of Lincolnshire will be won from the sea." Part of the new proyince, on North-East Polder, has been reclaimed and 7,800 people: have settled in. Fifty farmers who were dispossessed " during the war at _ Walcheren --~ where. R.A.F. bombers smashed the dykes--are among those operating virgin acres where waves were lapping not long ago. The Government parcelled the land out to them on 30-year leases; it is too expensive for the farmers to buy. This reclaimed land is enormous- ly fertile. Crops are being sown although it lies about 12 feet be- low the level of the water lapping at the dykes around it. But the Dutch, undismayed by difficulties, are slowly pushing ahead, and a queue of farmers who want land patiently await the day when they, too, can start farming on the re- claimed acres. There are at least 50 applicants for every parcel of land freed from the sea. Holland, among all European countries, has been for centuries the greatest victim of the sea's ravages, The sea swallowed up more than thirty villages and des- troyed much of the fertile penin- sula near the mouth of the Ems in the thirteenth century. Flooding opened an immense chasm in - Northern Holland and created the Zuider Zee, causing already - But, They're So-So--Sewing expert Ann Necchi teaches the wonders of the sewing machine to a class of wide-eyed boys at the Madison Square Boys' Club. Free classes for boys ranging in age from seven to 10 are conducted each week at the club. Once they master the art of machine draning and button replacement, the boys will go on to the more artistic subjects of embroidery and applique work. more than 80,000 deaths. But worse was to follow, In 1921, a great gale so swelled the waters of 'the Meuse that in one night 72 villages and 100,000 inhabitants were overwhelmed. Similar catastrophes followed in later centuries; flourishing cities vanished under the waters, There was an immense loss of life and countless animals as well as men "and women perished. %.% TABLE TALKS dane Andrews in Tt SRE) There was a time--believe it or not--when the word "hamburger" brought us visions of the trips to the Exhibition Midway, the local Fall Fair, or something of the kind. In other wdrds, hamburgers just "weren't considered as a ¥egular item on the family--menu. . * * But those days are gone, per- haps forever. Ever since the price of meat started its present upward journey, families who never before used ground beef patties as the meat for dinner are now busy learning new ways to prepare them and new names to call them, * * * A buying tip for hamburger-- always insist on freshly ground beef, or have chuck, round, flank, plate, brisket, shank, or neck meat . groupd before your eyes. If meat is very lean, add 2 ounces of suet "fer pound of ground meat. Cover ground meat _ lightly with waxed paper and store it in the coldest part of the refrigerator, and use it within 2 days. . * The all-Canadian hamburger is made of this ground beef scasoned with salt and usually with chopped onion, pan-browned in a small am- ount of fat in a skillet and served on a bun. To broil this meat- pat- ty, place in a pan and broil 3 inches from heat source (make hamburgers thick for cooking), and turn once to brown on each side. * * * When ready to serve, spread with two tablespoons of butter mixed with one of the follow- ingi~2_ tablespoons Worcestershire sauce; 1 tablespoon prepared mus- tard; 2 tablespoons blue cheese: 2 tablepoons chopped chives; or 2 tablespoons catsup and 1 teas- poon chili powder, * * To make broiled hamburgers into cheeseburgers, before: you re- move them from: the broiler, top each with a slice. of cheese and broil 2 minutes more, or until cheese begins to melt. * » * A variation of the hamburger is called Salisbury steak. It is usu- ally simply scasoned with salt and pepper and pan-fried. Onions are served on the side. * * EJ SOUR CREAM SAUCE 2 tablespoons flour 14 cup water 14 cup sour cream : 1 teaspoon horse-radish™ '14 teaspoon thyme When Salisbury steaks are cook- ed, remove to warm plate and stir fiour in drippings in skillet. Add remaining ingredients and bring to boiling point, stirring constantly, * For a "South of the Border" tang to your ground meat patties, make meat balls. Mexicana and serve with a hearty tomato-corn- chili sauce. . MEAT BALLS MEXICANA, 1 pound ground beef 34 cup rolled oats uncooked - 34 cup tomato juice (use liquid from tomatoes for sauce) 4 tablespoons chopped onion 1 teaspoon salt y 14 teaspoon pepper 1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce SAUCE: 34 cup chopped onion 1 No. 214 can tomatoes 1 bay leaf 1 teaspoon chili powder 1 teaspoon salt 1-No. 2 can whole kernel corn, drained - Combine all nieat ball ingredi- ents. Shape into 12 balls. Pan-fry in hot fat until brown. Add sauce ingredients., Cover and -simmer 25 minutes, Makes 4 servings. A * * A cheese crusted hamburger pie * makes a party dish of ground meat. Serve it for lunch with a tossed green ¢salad. CHEESE CRUSTED HAMBURGER PIE 1 garlic bud, sliced 3 tablespoons fat 1 pound ground beef 2 tablespoons "chopped green peppers 14 cup flour 1 teaspoon salt 1 No. 2 can tomato juice (215 cups) 14 cup chopped celery 2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce ' ) Fry garlic in fat in heavy skil- fet for about 5 minutes. Remove garlic and place beef and green pepper in skillet -and brown well. Stir in flour and salt. Add tomato juice and cook until thickened, stirring constantly. Stir in celery and Worcestershire sauce. Pour into 8-inch square baking dish and top with cheese pastry. CHEESE PASTRY 114 cups sifted uour 1/ teaspoon salt 14 cup shortening 34 cup shredded Canadian 2 cheese . 3 tablespoons cold water (about) Sift flour and salt together and cut in shortening; add cheese. Sprinkle with water. Mix lightly until dough begins to stick to- gether. Roll out about !4 inch thick, Cut into 8-inch square and cover 'hamburger mixture. Cut re- maining pastry into strips 14 inch on top of 8-inch pastry square. Bake at 400°F. about 30 minutes. Makes 4 'seryings. 155d 5 * £8 52, * Most people have favorite meat 'loaf recipes in which they use ground beef, Make your favorite loaf and use the following sugges: tions for an extra touch, Glaze your loaf by inverting it, after it is baked, on a baking sheet and brushing it with a mixture of mustard 'and catsup. Return to hot oven for 10 minutes, For a white-capped loaf, 30 minutes be- fore it is done cover loaf with a "row of overlapping . onion clices and continue baking, To make "midget loaves, bake loaf mixture in muffin pans. For meat loaf ring, pack mixture into a ring mold and bake 45 minutes. Let stand In warm place a few minutes then in- vert on a platter and fll center with buttered vegetables, New and Useful World's Loudest Noise This handy gadget will liven up any dull party. Powered by 180 hp engine, a three stage compres- sor drives air through ax giant horns at speeds exceeding 400 mph. Maker claims resulting sound (rated at 173 decibels) is "the loud est mechanically contrived noise ever devised by man for sustained output." Designed for civil defense use, the siren revolves on its base. In good weather is said to be heard in a circular area with 16-mile diameter. * * * Winter Comfort on the Job - Propane gas is handy portable heater which is said to raise room temperature by 50 degrees in less than half an hour. Also useful for outdoors. * L * Window Insulation Mounted on custom-built frames that fit individual casings, two sheets of a light, transparent plastic insulate glass and are said to be 614% clearer as no condensa- tion will form. Guaranteed against yellowing, they will not crack, are light and easy to store. Applied to pane's inside surface. * * * Salt Without Shaking New table salt will pour even when water is added. Contains calcium silicate to do the trick. * * * Pine-Odor Oil A special ingredient gives a pine smell to oil for use in kerosene lamps and for strting charcoal fires. Packaged in quart cans. * * * Safe Money Chest Engincered to give maximum protection for cash collections, ver- satile depository has wide applica- tion for companies using route salesmen and collectors, By unique rotary hopper. removal of cash after deposit has been made is physically impossible, the maker states. Stands fofir feet high, with used in this London "Mudlarks" Make Strange' 'Finds When King James IT lost six of his monogrammed wig curlers he could never have dreamt that they |... WO uldtuen---cup,- neatly. three = 'centuries later, on the bed of the River Thames, ? . Shaped rather like a metal hair curler of to-day, and made of pipe-- sand tides to the north bank of the river "near Blackfriars Bride, Here, discoloured by three hun- dred years of .mud, they were found one Sunday morning by the Mudlarks. . The Mudlarks are the most in- formal of all societies, They pay no subscription and have no "aims." They - are, rather, a companionship of beachcombers, which came into existence quite by accident, One Noisy Night During the war - Mr. Robin Green, an antiquary, was in the River Fire Service; and one noisy night in 1940 he found that the hoses on his boat weren't working properly. Jumping ashore to find out why, he landed on his hands and knces in the shingle, and as he got up he found he was clutch- ing an old clay pipe. . When he examined this later he saw, by its shape and size, that it had been made in the early 17th century. Where it had come from there might be other treasures, he thought; so he decided to go back as soon as he could to search, Until the end of the war he hunted alone, over different stretelies of ground on both banks of the river. The best hunting- ground, he discovered, was between Rlackfriars Bridge and Southwark Bridge. This is the site of Qucen- hithe, the carliest -- and, until the middle of the 15th century, the most important -- of London's docks, , "Five Regulars" many a strange thing went over- board during the loading and un- loading of the ships. After the war some friends, in- terested in the story of his finds, joined him, and the companionship of the Mudlarks was established. "regulars" -- the editress of a wo- man's magazine, two sisters who work in Government offices, a re- tired wine merchant and an artist --and up to a dozen "casuals" who only hunt occasionally, Every Sunday morning when the Thames tide is going out they meet "at Sloane . Square Underground station and travel to the City, dress- edin their oldest clothes, In their pockets they each carry a little cot- ton bag and a pair of eyebrow tweezers -- the best "tool" for pick- ing up their finds. Climbing gingerly down the slip- pery steps by 'Blackfriars Bridge, which borders the mud at low tide. "'Fhen, bent almost double, they move slowly down the edge of the river in the direction of the Tower, Most frequent among their hinds are 17th-century cloth seals, stamp- ed with the names of wool mer- chants, which were used to identify bales of cloth, The Mudlarks have presented 4,000 of these to the Guildhall Museum.- } Another common find are Lliza- bethan pins -- so common that, like anglers throwing back tiddlers, the Mudlarks don't even bother to collect them. 'The reason there are so many of them, explains Mr, Green, is that Tudor dresses were more often pinned together than sewn, Nothing Sold . Ncar Southwark Bridge the Mud; larks have found bone and pewter spoons, ivory-handled knives, pots, ¢lay, they were washed bya thou- ' Judging by the Mudlarks' finds, Besides Mr. Green there are five - they spread out over the shingle. little brass gun -- of the time of Charles 11. When the tide forces them, after two hours, to abandon their trea- sure hunt -- often with a wild last- minute dash to avoid being trapped by the water -- the Mudlarks re- _pair_to_one of the old City taverns "to examine their booty over a pint of beer, Each cotton bag is emptied on to the table, and Mr. Green, the ex- pert, gets to work witha magnify- "ing glass. "This," he may say, picking up what looks like a small black peb- ble, "is a pewter butt prob- ably 17th century. And here is a piece of Bronze Age pottery, and here a Saxon bead." 5 Once the Mudlarks found a sin- ister-looking iron ball with "spikes sticking out of it, which Mr. Green identified as a caltrop -- used in the 16th century for laming horses in battle, ™ Many of the things, blackened with rust and mud, have to be boil- ed in caustic soda before it is pos- sibile to tell what and how old they are. When they have been cleaned, they join the Mudlarks' collection in Mr. Green's Chelsea flat -- for it is part of the Mud- larks' code that nothing should be sold, aid¥hat everything should be kept-for its historical interest, Every "turn of the tide sitrs up another layer of the river's bed, so new treasures are constantly com- ing to light. The Mudlarks are of- "ten haunted by the thought of some priceless historical object they have missed during «the week. That as the fascination that brings them back on Sunday mornings, in every Sort i of weather, to Blackfriars During the next hali-hour Worth Steps and the river. watched her do this several times and slowly it dawned on him that 3 SALLY'S SALLES if a girl could do that with a shawl LL) R and effect a sale as a result, what ENS |e, "Don't. look 80 worried, sir. The Real "Model" Wife eee The first tailor's dummy was in tended to represent the Virgin Mary, Its inventor was Bartologieo Bac. =o della~Rorta;--w=--16th-century---- Italian monk who was attached to the monastery of San Marco,-in - Florence, He liked to paint scenes from the life of Christ, A central figure in most of these scenes, as the artist * saw them, was the Virgin Mary, but there was no woman who could sit for him, - ; One day the artist had an idea. He carved pieces of wood into shape, fashioning head, trunk and limbs, and wired them together, Next he adapted a monk's habit in- to a dress and clothed the model. News of this brought Tonino, dressmaker to the Italian Court. Examining the mode] he soon re- alized how. such a model could help' him in his work. He went home and made one for limself. He called it "manichino," or dress holder, There was no living mannequins until the 19th century. Charles Frederick Worth, a ladies' tailor with an exclusive clientele, used to make occasional journeys to Paris, to see the latest models, Hismethod was to stand in shops and memor- ise the dresses of the customers. On one occasion he wandered in- to a haberdasher's shop and his at- tentron was caught by one of the sales girls. To help a customer to judge the looks of a shawl this girl slipped it across her own shoulders. could she not do with an exclusive dress? ' He waited until. the shop had closed, and when the sales girl left the premises he spoke to her. Hav- ing convinced her that his proposi- tion was genuine, he asked her if she would leave her shop, go with 3 : him to London and wear his dress 3 3 creagjons. Eventually the girl ag- "Ee reed and some weeks later London "or 3 flocked to see the latest novelty -- i a mannequin parade with only one mannequin! It was so successful that Worth arranged another a few weeks later, This time the mannequin was Mra, Wortdi; He had fallen in love with SE al Ww Ly is J fourth is not expected until an- hi el 0 ied her! Ak . other half hour!" 1S model ang marfie er Ei " Favs _ : Fs if % gu! A Gi} ~ an 3, 81 LA ¢ w Wh # Arh 8 of - wt Gamma Corn--Dr. Ralph Singleton examines genetic changes, or mutations, in kernels of corn which have been exposed to varying amounts of Gamma rays. The kernels in the large piles remained unchanged. Those in the small piles, being closer, were changed. 5 upper and lower doors. jewellery and toys -- including a Some of the mutations were for color and some for sweefness. . . i -- S Foot "a Bud Pri 1 - E New Summer Footwear at a get rice - BY EDNA MILES . HG i os : ' f'HE spectator pump, for the resort and summer season, has.a new : ii A) and airy look--and all at a budget price. This new look is due \ bs largely to the mid-height shaped heel and the peaked vamp. But ip freshness in treatment comes also from use of Panama. straw and Ay harlequin color combinations. » 14 In one collection of shoe designs, done for A. S. Beck, emphasis Is R77 ; placed on the textured look in fabrics, Checkerboard weaves appear AS on the vamps and heels of pumps and sandals, rows of fine pleating AS are used at the sides of sandals. White lace embroidery gives a deli- HON cate look to faille in color combinations. ' St Color stands out, both in combinations of two tones and in the multi- I GAY OM color pastels, often frosted with sparkling white, Straw mesh, handled with overlay embroidery, and nylon porthole lace lend a feeling of lightness to the vamps of pumps and sandals. Gi Hn wi i > Rt WE ar <4 ori 3 - AEN The ever-popular spectator pump gffes demure, with a little Louis a! heel and a prettily peaked vamp. It's shown here in white suede CRE with a tan calf trim. : ER Fagot stitching is used to gain the French dressmaker air. ; ha Very dressy linen pumps and sandals often have multi-color flowers , EL embroidered on lace and one .opén ankle-tie sandal in shantung hes : WE embroidered eyelet daisy trim, On' pastel kid wedges and flat-heeled - Kh shoes, tiny colored circlets create a confetti effect. : ATA Clogs appear for the first time this year in wood as well as in cork. ; : Re) The wood base clog that's high but lightweight, is done in mule and WHA | sabot versions and in gold, silver and pastel combinations. The bareback feeling is present throughout this entire collection oN and looks best with narrow stripping and open back and Instep straps, : done up in a wide variety of solid pastels and multicolor combinations. ANG