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S "dng his Wool Grading Now Required After January 1 -- Unwash- ed, Fleeced Product of Can ada Affected Compulsory grading of all Canadian unwashed fleeced wool will go into effect next January 3, an official of the Dominion agriculture department has an. nounced. Grading will show exactly what qualities of various types of wool are available for military and other purposes, he said, and show - the wool administrator, David C., Dick, exactly what must be imported. No innovation to the wool in- dustry, grading has been 'in ef- fect for nearly 26 years on vol untary basis, the official sald. bout half of Canada's wool has en sold through the Canadian Co-operative Wool Growers' As- sociation, which has used the grading system now being made compulsory MARKETING SERVICE WILL DO IT quantities All wool will be graded within 14 days after it leaves the pro- ducers' premises and identity of leach producer's wool must be maintained until it .has been graded. Then a statement will be sent to the producer defining the grades into which the wool has been placed and the amount An each grade. Grading will be done by the marketing service of the agricul- ture dept, or, in some large estab- lishments, by graders employed by the dealers. Their work will be inspected regularly by the department. New Director of Ordnance T. D. Switzer,, senior execu- tive of the T. Eaton Company, Limited, who has Been appointed dicector of Ordnance Services (General Stores) of the Militia Service, Ottawa. Most Airlines Using Beams Signals In Waves; Pilot Can Tell When He ls Off Course Modern aircraft flying com- mercial routes are usually guided to their destination by a radio "beam" transmitted from a con- trol . station at the airport. Or- dinary radio transmission sends out signals in waves, 'much the "same .as when a stone is dropped into a pool of water, creating widening ripples. However, "heam" transmission creates a strong signal or impulse sent out in a straight line in the direction of a given point. Other systems use a double "beam," as many have been the case in this ac- cident. If one "beam" or half fails, the pilot may stray. SETS COURSE TO "BEAM" Accordingly, an aircraft pilot on leaving his airport, tunes his receiver to this "beam" and as long as he can hear the signal he knows he is on his correct route, If the signal fades, he knows that he is flying away from -the beam, and corrects this fault by chang- course, The "beam" from the airport which he has left is usually joined by the "beam" from the airport to which he is heading, with the re sult that the pilot can fly direct. ly alapg the "beam" to his des: tination, By modern navigation methods the aircraft pilot is: normally:able to reasonably. well define his course in the air, and aided by the "beam" flien a direct course to his destination. \ - Orchid Refugees - A thousand war refiigecs ar- rived last week in Miami, Fa., from Great Brita} snugly pro. tected by moss and excelsior and packed into 10 wooden . cases, They constitute . the orchid col- lection of the Duke of Westmin- ster and were gent over. here "for the duration." : ei Saving Ontario's Natural Resources G. C. TONER, Ontario Federation of Anglers (NO. 18) PAN FISHES Theré are a number 'of smaller fishes that seem to have been put in our waters for the particular delight of the small boy, and for that matter, they often interest his dad. The sunfishes of this group are the most abundant and - the most easily caught of the pan fish, A long pole, any kind of a line, a float and a sinker, a fair- ly large hook; with this equip- ment one can catch a mess of fish to my mind that are better eating than either of the basses, Prop- erly cleaned, filleted, dipped in flour and fried in deep bacon fat, our sunfish can compare with any of the river fishes of Ontario. Found everyhere in southern Ontario the common sunfish is a very pretty fish. Its colours are blue, green and lemon yellow with a distinct red patch on the so-called ear. These sunfish live on most all creatures of the water, snails, insects, various kinds of worms; they are one of nature's ways of turning uncon- sidered 'material into food that will be available for many larger creatures, Common Sunfish The common sunfish constructs a nest in which the eggs are laid. In the shallow water of the sandy or weedy bays the male will clear a small circular patch down through the ooze and debris. Here the eggs are laid by the female and the male remains on guard for seeral weeks, He protects the eggs from numerous minnows -and other enemies and he guards the young fry until they are able to fend for themselves, In fact, the breeding of the common sun- fish is essentially the same as the black basses, a fact that would be expected when ¢ne knows that boht are members of the same family, known to the scientist as the Centraichidae. So, remem ber, the next time you 'atch a sunfish that you are taking a cousin of our best known game fish, the black bass. Common Words Change Usage McGill University Professor Declares A 1940 Audience Would Have Difficulty In Un. derstanding Shakespeare If He Spoke To Them Today The rise and fall to which words in the English language are liable was indicated in an address by Prof. Clive H. Carrutliers, M.A. Ph, D,, professor of Classical Philo- logy at McGill University, in a re- cent address on "The. Romance of Words," He examined for his aud- fence the derivation of certaln words, pointing out the way some of them have departed 'from their original usage, For example, If you called a man a "sllly idiot," he would mot real ize that literally you were des- ignating him as "one fortunate en- ough to stay out of politics," the old usage of "Idiot" being to indicate a private ¢itizen who did not con- cern himself: with public affairs, while "silly" denoted "fortunate." The lady's. "boudoir," now suggest- ing charm and beauty, wae at one time "a place to sulk," A "stew- ard" once meant "a swineherd," and to be "nice" was to be "fool- sh" or "stupid." You would not please a woman by calling her a 'hussy," although the word in its original application meant a "house- wife." VITAL WORDS SURVIVE Whether or not words survived In the changes by which the lan. guage ia recreated depends on the vitality of the word, the lecturer pointed out. SBome.words, In the process of change, ascend, and others deteriorate In their usage, It Shakespeare were reading his plays to an audience today the lis- teners would have difficulty in grasping his meaning; and Chauc- " er's reading of his works would be unintelligible, Professor Carruthers remarked, Customs-built Near Newport, Vt., Lawrence C. Parminter's house straddles the Canadian border. For paper- ing the Canadian wall of the house with undeclared U.S, wall paper, a Canadian magistrate fined him $60. Honored Guest In Lorain, Ohio, police held their annual clambake, Guest: of /honor was Mike Elich, whom for one reason and another they have arrested 137 times. pe It took seven days for the news of the great Marlborough's vie. tory at Blenheim in 1704 to reach London, One of 138 Italian bombers which were shot down i 3 er is shown as it was examined and guarded somewhere in. England, n raids over England on Nov. 11, this crashed bomb- THE WAR.WEEK--Commentary on Current Events AXIS POWERS MOVING TO CONSOLIDATE CONTINENT German and Italian diplomacy, which Axis spokesmen have call- ed "a form of war", appeared last week to be directed toward consolidating all of the continent of Europe into one totalitarian bloc, hermetically sealed against any incursion of British niflu- ence. With Austria, Czechoslo- vakia, Poland, Albania, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, France, already under the Nazi. Fascist heel, only the loose ends --the Balkans and Spain -- vre- 'mained to be tied into the "new economy", Hungary Joins Axis So, King Boris of Bulgaria was bidden last week to Berlin; Foreign Minister Suner of Spain to Salzburg; the chief Ministers of Hungary rushed to Vienha there to meet with Ribbentrop and Ciano and the Japanese Am- bassador to Germany, and sign a new treaty of partnership with the ~ totalitarian powers. - Only Yugoslavia 'scemed to have been left out of the Axis' current con- ference diplmacy, but that Balk- an kingdom was swiftly being outflanked, militarily, and from an economic point of view was already within the German-Ital- fan orbit. Yugoslavia Outflanked Poor, brave Greeks! Though able single-handed to put the Italians to rout, they could not be expected to counter a big German push through either Yugosjavia or Bulgaria, - or through both at once. They might, if Turkey were drawn inte the War . . . Yes, half a million German troops last week were poised in Rumania, ready to go against Greece, Through Yugoslavia? They might encounter fierce re- sistance. Through ~Bulgsiria? That was another question, cap- able of only an involyed answer. Turkey The Obstacle Bulgaria's submission to Axis pressure was contingent upon a number of factors, of which these two weighed heaviest: the nation was split into three camps, pro- Nazi, pro-British and pro-Soviet (80% of the population, it was estimated last week, leaned to- ward ~co-operation with Russia); again, if Bulgaria attacked Greece, or permitted passage through of German troops, Tur- key was pledged to come to Greece's nid. A move through Bulgaria might prove bad strategy on the, part of Germany. Kirke L. Simp- son, writing for the Associated Press, said in part: "Bulgarian entry inte the war, actively or passively, would ¢xpoze -Ger- many's most vital war resource, Rumanian oil, to instant British air attack because Britain then would be frea. to fly across Bui- garia from bases-in Greece . . . One obvious "element "in Hitler's policy on the Balkan front from the, beginning of the war has been concern over security of the Ru- manian oil field." s Bidding For Spain Hitler's reported attempts to buy off Spain with promises of a large section of Morocco were construed by experts to mean that- he wished to split the Brit- ish fleet in the Mediterranean which would have to answer Axis ER $ Celebrating the 2600th Anniversary of Japan | Eis 3 a Te Emperor Hirohito of Japan shown delivering his message to War Minister Gen, Tojo following the military review held on the Yogoki parads grounds in Tokyo to mark the 2,600th anniversary of the found- Dg of the Japanese empire. The emperor's aide-de-camp, Gen.. Ban Husanuma, is directly behind his majesty, attacks in the eastern and west- ern ends simultaneously, One of the big forces operating against Axis success in the western Medi. terranean theatre was the effort being made by the United States to placate Spain with American dollars or American foodstuffs and keep Franco out of the war. "Missed Bus" in Earnest That Hitler muffed his chance to heat Britain into submission September 15, "the last day" of the mass aerial attack -on -Lon- don, was the opinion expressed last week by Ralph Ingersoll, edi- tor of "PM" who had just re- turned from a fortnight's stay in the British capital. Britain was ready that day, he said, for the knockout blow, but Hitler let the opportunity go by. Although now the Battle of Britain is in its sixth month, Hitler'll never succeed in cracking the British, he declared. Battle of Atlantic Another U.S. political observer, Walter Lippman, wrote on the issues of the war: "Now as from the beginning of this war, now as in the first World War, now as in the Napoleonic wars, the out- come depends upon the control of the Atlantic Ocean. In the end the victory will go to the powers which can use the ocean to supply themselves and can cut off their enemies from the non-European woild. For Europe cannot be conquered in Europe. Europe eannct live within Europe. Europe cannot be at peace with itself unless it is at peace with the outer world. This is the reason why Hitler's victories on the land of Europe did not finish the war. This is the reason why even the invasion of Britain or the destruc- tion of Britain from the air would only be the means to an end, the means to the control of the At- lantic Ocean. This is the reason why the renewal of his 'war against British shipping is much the most serious of all his efforts to win the war..." It was indeed becoming more obvious that Britain would have to increase both navy and mer- chant marine if she were to win the war. She would have to aug- "ment her ship-building program at home with farther purchases in the U.S. or swaps for bases; and depend more heavily on the Can- adian navy for convoy work and mine-sweeping duties. More Ships for Canada Last week Canada's Naval Min- ister Angus L. Macdonald an- nounced the Dominion's new na- val policy. Destroyers, perhaps cruisers, Mr. Macdonald declared, would be built in Canadian yards; more merchant vessels turned out; a Canadian Naval College im- mediately established to train skilled seamen. Canada was in- deed preparing to assume "a larger burden of naval service. Drop in Bacon Price Announcement to the effect that Canada had contracted to supply Britain with $105,741,000 worth of food in the coming year, exclusive of wheat, was made in the House of Commons by Min- ister of Agriculture Gardiner... Cheering news; but not at all pleasing for Cdnadian hog-produc- ers who had to shoulder a 2¢-a-lb. drop in the price of bacon . . . H. H. Hannan, president of the Canadian Federation of Agricul- ture, voiced the indignation of countless Canadian farmers who felt themselves discriminated against and called upon to make an unequal sacrifice in the war offort . . Biggest Budget Canada last week was prepar- ing not only the largest national budget in its history, but an ex- penditure far larger than anyone would have considered possible a year ago. While Parliament continued to debate in general- ities the Government's future war policies, the Finance Minister and his assistants were busy framing appropriations whieh might total something like $2, 000,000,000 , , . China Will Wait After forty months of war in China, Japan was reported to be seeking direct peace negotiations with General Chiang Kai-shek, head of the Chinese Government and army, But Chinese: army spokesmen, when questioned, said that China, far from contemplat- ing peace, was preparing for three more years of war if neces- sary -- at any rate she would fight on until a decision had been reached in the New World War. VOICE THE PRESS NO QUIET SINCE The first broadcast was put on the air 20 years ago last month, And the world hasn't had a quiet moment since, --Kitehener Record. EXPORTS TO JAPAN If Canada can cut off exports of copper to Japan, she ought also be able to do something about reducing that country's imports of other metals from the Dominion, including the 4,000 tons of lead that are going for- ward from a smelter at Trail, B.C. -----Brockville Recorder and Times. WOULD ABOLISH HOMEWORK Homework today is certainly net as serious a proposition as a few years ago, but there is a wide-spread feeling that it should be abolfshed. The school hours provide quite enough seriousness and mental concentration for the little" folk, Let them have the evenings free. --Guelph Mercury. PUT END TO CONFUSION There has throughout all these years of controversy been one universal opinion, and that is the Federal Government should either declare Daylight Saving or Standard Time, the one and only time for Canada. The people as a whole are tired of this recur- ring confusion, and the differ- ence of an hour in time between the towns and the adjacent rural districts, If Daylight Saving is essential for Canada as a war measure the rural districts would co-operate in that as in everys. thing else, so why not have Day- light Saving Time from one end of Canada to the other for the duration of the war? Pembroke Bulletin. Canada Ships Ten Times More Eggs Ten Million Dozen Have Moved Overseas in the Past Year -- Storage Down Canada has exported 10,000,- 000 dozen eggs in the past year compared with 1,000,000 dozen in an average year, John 1, Brown of Montreal, sceretary- treasurer of the Canadian Pro- duce Association, said last week in addressing the produce sec- tion of the Winnipeg Board of Trade. There was cvery indication that storage egg stocks in. Canada were the lowest on record. "Increased production is being given every encouragement by members of the Canadian Pro- duce Association, believing that an increased supply will be re- quired by the British food min. istry, and that helping to provide part of the essential foodstuffs to the United Kingdom is part of Canada's national war effort," he said. The price of eggs in Canada would be maintained at a satis. factory level despite increased overseas demand. Factory sales of pig iron, fer- ro-alloys, steel ingots and cast- ings, and finished products in Canada were valued at $75,934,- 481 in 1939, an increase of 27 per cent over 1938, Canadian Naval Staff Chief REAR ADMIRAL PERCY W. NELLES Who is Chief of the Canadian Naval Staff. LIFE'S LIKE THAT REG'LAR FELLERS -- Snow White Duffy at st 1 DONT SEE PINHEAD AROUND / GUESS TLL, WAIT NEAR. THAT HYDRANT. Pa VENTED, -- STIR A 0 TEE Hs aT tip A on XG GA rE i aa