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2 % vr 2 i ny ik Ho = PAE A HE gn Ae ATT Try "to lower the temperature 'until you I © "when the chicks are four weeks old. "| At all times see that the chicks are |. We find that stove oil heaters. are Pet, iE We are. very "ith the alAHA Wi} wroid many chick | troubles. We: prefer Cafeferia Chick jE J Jowed to become dirty or damp, slows 4 2 | Watch your label; it tells when your Gd Fob a) : subscription expires. Wp a TELE Bi ; 2X A 3 iE Gat i £4 "xs FY $1.50 per year in advance PORT PERRY, ONTARIO, SAMUEL FARMER Editor and Publish POULTRY "After eight years Experience. Contributed by Peel Bros, We operate two poultry plants of about equal size making a total of 3,000. breeders, and we raise from 710,000 to 12,000 chicks annually,' We "have chicks hatching from November until May, and this gives: us practi- * cally every weather condition in our breeder and chicks pens that our read- 'ers are likely to experience, and "in the following lines wé give our honest conclusion as to one most successful system of feeding. . 47 'We will start with the chicks, We 'prefer permanent -brooder houses, built warmer than the houses we hu- "mans live in. Remember we must is carry a temperature of 90° with posi- > tively 'no draughts from poorly fitted doors and windows. We believe a draught will do more damage to baby chicks + than improper temperature. Yet a correct temperature must be 'maintained: The corerct temperature for the first two weeks is 90° at the edge of the'hover and 76° on the pen "wall, At the end of two weeks begin have a room temperature of 65 to 70 comfortable and contented. excellent to control temperature, and "we believe at this stage that ideal temperature is just as important as good feed. Cr, Nae We give the chicks their first feed- jig when they are 24 hours old, plac- ing a handful of feed on a large paper _ for each 100 chicks, also a trough of 2 feed and. one of warm water for each 100 chicks, Fine chick grit is sprinkled _yery sparingly on the feed the first three days, and after that it is placed in troughs by itself. Warm water is used until the chicks are two weeks old and the troughs are washed daily. A good programme in chick feeding is as follows: 3 wes o 2 very difficult' to say which was the better system as each produced very large birds, and they have preven to be very hardy with exceptionally low mortality. Each year we have made changes in our feeding programme, trying to overcome some difficulty. | But we do not expect to make many changes for 1934. : The growing mash used on No, 1 range was as follows: 40 Ibs. ground yellow corn, 22 Ibs. yellow hominy, 45 Ibs. white hominy, 126: Ibs. rolled wheat, 100 Ibs. crushed oats, 30 Ibs. rolled barley, 26 Ibs. wheat germ, 10 Ibs. bran; 10 Ibs. ground oats, b Ibs. ground peas, 5 Ibs. soya bean meal, 2% Ibs. iodized salt, Along with this mash we feed as much wheat as they would consume each evening, and in addition each day we poured 2 quarts of buttermilk on top of the mash in each hopper for each 100 birds, 'Abundance of good clean alfalfa range and plenty of fresh water help to give ideal success. } The growing mash used on No. 2 range was as follows (the same mash as on No. 1 range with the following added): 17% Ibs. meat meal, 7% Ibs: powdered milk, 6 Ibs, fish meal. "No fresh milk was used in the mash or on the grain. This growing mash was fed sparingly, that Is, only enough mash was fed to last until were given all- the wheat they could consume, ' ¥ In' feeding cockerels that we wish to sell at 2 or 3 Ibs, and do not want to place on range, we continue to feed the starter until they are sold. = At 8 weeks of age we add one feed of fat mash daily, dampened with milk to a crumbly state. And at 9 weeks 'we add a second feed of this mash daily: The fat mash consists of: 50 Ibs, ground barley, 50 Ibs. rolled oat groats, 50 Ibs. ground wheat, 36 Ibs. powdered milk, 2 Ibs. charcoal, % Ib. salt.' : : ; If we have cockerels that we desire to grow, on range to a heavier weight, we put plenty of the growing mash, used on: No. 2 range, before them at all times and add all the soaked wheat that they will consume. The wheat is soaked in fresh buttermilk for 48 hours in a warm room. If weather SELL Sn aE nditions are dry on range and past- First half day--Place' chicks in ores becomes fibrous we give the birds and give warm water at once. It is better that they get the water before the feed," - . Second half day--Place a handful of feed on a large paper for each 100 chicks and leave for 3 hours, then re- move until next morning. el Third half day--After the chicks have had an hour to drink, replace the feed and leave for 3 hours, Fourth half day--Replace feed for 3 hours. = Fifth half day--Replace feed and leave. Fi CA a particular about the depth of litter used. Jt must be at "least 4 inches deep. We prefer cut alfalfa hay, but'if this is hard to get cut straw can be mixed with it. We continue to' use some alfalfa in the "litter until the chicks go to .range. . "Mo make sure of rapid, healthy growth ~~ from November till 'May, we feed about' 2% cod liver oil. This along Starter, but there are many good starters on the market. At two weeks of age we start to feed sliced cabbage ofice a day, which we find is very valuable to. the chicks health. We also find that litter, if al- up the chicks" growth to an unbelieve- able extent, and overcrowded pens are just as disastrous. We now come to the time when we believe 'more good or harm can be - done by improper knowledge of feed- ing than at any other time--that is, from eight weeks of age, or about the time most birds go on range, until _the laying age. We do not have good results when we attempt to put pullets on free range younger than 8 weeks, Most people want their. pullets to lay + large eggs, and from our experiénce @& we find that we must grow extra large pullets, and' not allow produc- tion until the pullets are six months of age. 3 : 2 © When the pullets are six weeks 'old we hegin to change from starter to growing magh, taking about two ~~ weeks to complete the change. Bat © if weather or range conditions are so that the pullets must remafn inthe) pens longer than 8 weeks, we use % starter with % growing mash and add 20% cod liver ofl. Oil Is not necessary = 5 on range. Ls EY DEL - ; ~~ Dutlng the Summer of 1083 we ¥ salts once a month at the rate of 1 Ib. to 100 birds. If pasture becomes very scarce molasses can be added to the drinking water. at the rate of 1 cupful to b gallons of water. ; 5 Our' birds are placed in layin quarters when from 6 to 7 months old, and if weather conditions are such that they have to be housed before they are 6 months of age, we feed as we did on range until they are of lay- ing age with the addition of 2% cod- liver oil. The very first .morning that our birds are housed they get their month- Jy feeding of salts, This is very im- portant as you are forcing your birds to become less active. We gradually change from growing mash to laying 'mash, which is as follows: 100 Ibs, ground yellow corn,-26 Ibs. 'yellow hominy, 50 1bs., white hominy, 112 Ibs rolled wheat, 38 Ibs. wheat germ, 12 Ibs. bran, 25 Ibs. rolled barley, 76 bs. rolled oats; 12 Ibs, oat chop, 5 Ibs. ground peas, 6 bs. hean meal, 20 ths. meat meal, 7% Ibs. powdered milk; 7% Ibs. cod liver meal, 2% ths. iodized salt. 5 : Two pints cod liver oil to each'100 Ibs. of mash, Ii #ddition to this mash give as mich grain as they will clean up. each night, This- consists -of % cut corn and % wheat. For green feed use either alfalfa or cabbage. We use cabbage at the rate of 8 heads to 100 birds, and find that it adds to the health and vigor of the birds, and assists greatly in preventing colds, ete. = When our cabbage are all used we substitute with molasses at the rate of 1 cupful to 100 birds per day in the drinking water, : In some of our pens, to save ex- pense we omit the powdered milk and meat meal from the laying mash, and feed two quarts of fresh buttermilk on the lay mash daily for each 100 birds, and also feed the grain soaked in fresh buttermilk for two days in a warm room. As soon as cold weather sets in we give all our birds warm water, even on mild days, and. con- tinue this until Spring, as they will consume considerable more if it is Warm, ee 'This information is written in the interests of the Canadian Baby Chick Association by. Peel Bros., Port Perry, Ont. and if any reader desires to ask further questions on the above sub- Jects we will answer through the used two-difterent systems of feeding, columns of the Port Perry Star. one on each plant, and it would be; about 2 to 8 p.m, and then the birds|. . Henry's Soliloquy (With Compliments of Shakespeare) and read as follows: To be beer or not to be beer, that is the question. Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous taunts, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them? To drink--to sleep; 'No more; and by a sleep to say we end ; The headache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh receives from beer; 'tis a consummation Devoutly to he wished, To drink, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of beer what dreams may: come When we have shuffled off this term of office Must give us pause: there's the danger That makes calamity of so long delay ; For who would bear the whips and scorns of brewers, The hotelman's wrongs, the Prohibitionists' threats, The pangs of thirst, the law's restraints, The insolence of beer drinkers and the spuins That patient merit of the dilatory takes, When he himself might his quietus make With some decision reached? Who would delay, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, ; But that the dread of something after the election, The undiscovered country, from whose bourne No traveller returns, puzzles the will . ? And makes us rather bear these ills we have Than fly to others that we know not. of ? Thus an election does make cowards of ug all; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of this thought, "And enterprises of great pitch and moment With this regard their currents turn away, And lose the name of action. Soft you now! .0 Jovial Bacchus, for all my thoughtfulness Be all my delays forgotten. ; Wooden Ships and Iron Men By Henry Morton Robinson in "Readers Digest" Romantic yarn-spinners have always depicted the care-free, 'horn-piping aspects of the old seafaring life, but few narrators 'have cared to uncover the uglier portions of the picture. Flog- gings and keel-haulings; the diet of decayed pork, mouldy biscuits, 24 and the uncompensated injuries sustained in the performance of hazardous duties--all these have disappeared from the roster of ills patiently borne by seamen since the first Tyrian prow clove the Zigean. : Yes, life at sea is quite different now from the wretched ex: istence described by Lord Anson, for instance, in the account of his round-the-world voyage with a squadron of six. English war ships in the years 1740-44. This glorious expedition, which brought to England undying fame and the largest body of plunder ever seized by a single captain, set sail in a condition of imbecilic chaos and unptreparation. Take the all-important matter of pro- visions: on the first day at sea it was discovered that 42 out of 72 puncheons of beef were already "stinking", that the peas and oat- meal were so decayed that they were not fit to be issued as human food. The biscuit was nothing but worm-eaten dust, and the pork was so rotten and rusty that the fleet's surgeon warned the men not to eat it because it was sure poison. The only dietary 'compensation was the enormous daily ration of rum, which kept mutiny. "Se How about the men themselves? - Were they mahogany- hearted tars, sound of limb and blithe of spirit, setting out on a magnificent adventure? Quite. the reverse. The British Navy was not then an honored service, and few men would voluntarily enter it. The first detachment assigned to Anson's fleet was from a home for decrepit invalids; most of the men thus assigned were sixty years of age, many of them seventy. A '"press-gang" sallied forth and caught seventy-five more men, dragging them from their homes, shops, and taverns, and keeping them in irons till the ships were well at sea. Impressment was a regular practice of the time; established press-masters received from the Admiralty 20 shillings for every man they delivered, A second press-gang descended upon some home-bound merchant vessels, seized the best men they could find (some of whom were just returning from a three-year cruise), and carried them off at the point of a pistol to serve another four years at sea. Still more men were needed, so the jails of England were swept for their ablest-bodied inmates. To make up the final complement, greenly enlisted marines, without weapons or uniforms, were thrust aboard the vessels, Of the 1800 men thus kidnapped and bullied into service, 1600 died within a year! Scurvy, frost, and the rigors of a Cape Horn passage took them off like flies. Even the vessels them- flagship Centurion still held its course. Such was the British Navy in one of its grandest moments. What about th in White-Jacket a complete description of life aboard an American warship shortly after our guns had silenced the proudest British powers for a few ounces of paint. His request was summar paint from the American Navy. But if paint was scarce, the men inte unconsciousness. warnings, these floggings. a shambles was mandatory. 2 ""Henry's Soliloquy" was read to the Ontario' Legislature last' week by W. E. N. Sinclair, K.C,, (Liberal, Ontario Solith), with Mr. Sinclair's compliments to William Shakespeare. The effort was received with wild acclaim, even from Conservative benches, and the rot-gut grog that washed them down; the resulting scur- the men in a state of semi-intoxication just below the level of selves began to fall apart. After the first six months anly Anson's American Navy at a similar pedk? No less a writer than Herman Melville answers the question, by giving us frigates in the naval war of 1812. Melville calls his book White- Jacket because (since mo regular uniform was issued in those days) he was obliged to faghion for himself an outer garment of white duck, quilted with cotton. This was warm enough, but not water-proof, To glaze the jacket, Melville applied to the ships y refused, so for the whole period of his enlistment he wore the cotton jacket in all sorts of weather, a dripping. menace to his health and efficiency--all because he could not secure a cupful of "cat" was not. This dreaded in- strument of torture leapt out at the slightest provocation to flog A man could be flogged till his bones lay bare, merely for looking crosswise at an officer. AB terrible ways took place in the presence of the entire ship's company: the stentorian cry of "All hands witness punishment, ahoy I' rang through the ship, and attendance at the The vietim was "spread-eagled," that is, his hands were trussed above his head while his feet were | secured to. gratings on deck. The master-at-arms then removed the culprit's upper clothing and the cat-o' nine-tails was laid on, «each blow raised an indelible weal on the man's back--a mark that he would carry to his grave. "To keep the tempo brisk, a fresh arm wielded the cat after every dozen strokes, at the 50th lash the victim was usually unconscioiis." A surgeon would then listen to his heart beat, and might advise that the torture be interrupted until the patient was in better shape. A few days later the rest of the sentence was inflicted. If the unhappy sailer was con- demned to.be "flogged through the fleet" (one man was so con- demned, says Melville, because he voted for Harrison for Presi- dent) this ghastly punishment was repeated on every ship in ad- jacent waters. Slowly dying, he would be rowed from one vesge! to another, to be=shredded piecemeal by the "cat" while officers looked on complacently. and agreed that only by such measures could discipline be maintained. \ Quicker, but no less murderous, was the practice" of "keel- hauling." To keel-haul a man you tied him to a circular rope that had already been passed under the ship's bottom. His own ship- mates were then ordered to pull at the rope, thus dragging the victim under the keel and up the other side of the hull. + This pro- cess was 'repeated until the barnacles clinged to the side of the 2p [med the man to ribbons, Sometimes, mercifully, he was drowned. These were the common disciplinary measures taken aboard a man-of-war, Their frequency and brutality calloused both officers and men to stony hardness, but even if crews were sensible of the violent wrong being done them, what could they do about it? If they resisted the captain it was mutiny--punishment by death. There was no appeal from a captain's decision; life, death and torture'were in his hands. A man either submitted or was broken --all for a wage-of six dollars a month, Life on a merchantman was harder, if anything, than on a man-of-war. These vessels were always undermanned; the crews were desperately 'overworked, short-rationed, and systematically abused. In Two Years Before the Mast, R. H. Dana gives us a dramatic picture of life aboard a merchantman a century ago, and our softer age niarvels that men could have lived through those fearful winter hurricanes raging around Cape Horn. The brig Dana sailed in was constantly awash in the giant seas that pounded over it! for weeks at.a time a half-drowned crew worked, ate, and slept in drenched clothing, lived on cold salt pork, and wondered whether the next roller would snap the mainmast. Add to the regime a bullying captain--and life became something not worth carrying around. Dana, not temperamentally given to melodrama, describes a flogging the Captain Frank Thompson ad- ministered to a sailor simply because he "asked a question." v 'Can't a man ask a question without being flogged?" asked the seaman as he was being trussed up for the beating. "No," shouted the captain, "nobody shall open his mouth J aboard. this vessel but myself," and he began laying on the blows, swinging half round between each blow, to give its full effect. As he went on his passion increased, and he danced about the deck, calling out as he swung the rope, "If you want to know what I flog you for, I'll tell you. It's because I like to do it! Because I like to do it! It suits me, that's what I do it for!" The man writhed under the pain until he could endure it no longer, then he groaned out, "O Jesus Christ! O Jesus Christ!" "Don't call on Jesus Christ," shouted the captain, "he can't help you. Call on Frank Thompson! He's the man! Jesus Christ can't help you now," - Sickened by the spectacle, Dana turned his head away, vowing that he would devote his life. to the abolition of flogging aboard ship. Due in large measure to his efforts, the practice was aband- oned, and after 1870 a sailor could sign for a voyage with reason- able guarantees that he would not be flogged by a sadistic captain. Until recently, however, there was no guarantee against scurvy. Secarcely a loghook of the old sailing days that does not contain the dread entry: "99 days at sea; scurvy broke out today among the crew." This disease, occasioned by a stupid lack of fresh meat and vegetables, caused loathsome sores to appear on the body; teeth loosened and fell out, and an extreme lassitude boré down the strongest man. The scurvy-stricken crew of Dana's ship were wilting rapidly when they chanced to encounter a passing vessel laden with onions. - A day's munching at the fresh vegetables restored that the entire crew to health, yet ship- owners, knowing this simple remedy, universally failed to provide onions for the crew. To secure the fresh meat that would stave off scurvy, sailors often ate rats--sometimes paying four dollars apiece for these anti-scorbutic delicacies. <e Iron men and wooden ships have long passed away, sails have been replaced by steam, and arbitrary cruelty has given place to an almost tender regard for the rights and comforts of seamen. Today, an able-bodied sailor in the American merchant marine receives approximately $55 a month, well-balanced meals contain- ing plenty of the vitamins necessary to prevent scurvy, and a uni- form designed.to keep out the elements. He sleeps in dry, ventilat- kien ry and can receive no corporal punishment. By a Supreme Court decision he is given the same rights for recovery for per- gonal injuries as are granted railway employes under the Em- ployers' Liability Act. In the case of O'Shea vs. The U. S. Ship- ping Board, the court awarded O'Shea, a common saildt; $15,000 for injuries received while engaged in the performance of a hazar- dous duty--injuries that the sailors of Melville's day would have nursed in bitter silence, and without a penny's worth of balm. "But even more amazing is the recént case of The Rolph, a case that probably caused many an old quarterdeck satrap to turn over in his watery grave. Three seamen were awarded heavy damages against this vessel because of its "unseaworthiness consisting in the employment of a first mate who was a bully and a brute. The mate had beaten the plaintiffs with his fists, and had then refused them medical treatment. The court ruled that "seaworthiness, according to all authorities, not only implies that the vessel be staunch and sound, but that she be properly manned." Cruelty in an officer was adjudged a menace to passengers, ship, and crew. This decision, belated as it is, puts the seal of doom upon unchecked tyranny and heavy-fisted discipline at sea. Sailors are still obliged to obey orders (the International Seamen's Union is now agitating for the right to strike) but the day has passed when those orders can be seconded by a boot or a helaving pin. Romanticists will say that the grandeur and poetry of the sea has disappeared, but the men who actually run our ships declare that the toilers of the sea are merely acquiring rights and immunities long enjoyed by the meanest laborer ashore. King Albert of Belgium Died ns the Result of a Fall while Mountain Climbing King Albert was a monarch greatly beloved by his people. His heroic conduct during the Great War will adorn one of the brightest, yet most tragic, pages in human history. W. H. MOORE, M.P., SUG- GESTS DEMOCRACY 'IS BE- ING LOST, St. Thomas, Feb. 15.--Frank- ly admitting that he has grown rather value of speech and somewhat pé@ssimistic about the future, William H. Moore, M.P., for On- tario County and former chair- man of the Tariff Advisory Board of Canada, addressed a re- presentative gathering of St: Thomas and Elgin county busi- ness and professional men, rail- roaders and farmers, on national and inter-national problems, at a dinner, sponsored by the Cham- ber of Commerce, in the Grand Central Hotel, Monday evening. The title of "his address was "Adam's Grandchildren." It was a keenly analytical sur- vey of world conditions that Mr. Moore presented--a thoughtful enquiry into the causes and ef- fects of the economic depression, the remedial experiments that have been and are being tried. The Way Out The speaker candidly admit- ted that "the way out" appeared uncertain to him. There was a definite surrendering "of the rights of democracy. "Over 60 per cent. of the peo- ple of Europe are under dictator- ship," he pointed out. "They are verging on it in the United States. "When you get the idea where the State deals with the class begin to relegate the principles a democratic state and violate the principles of democracy. It may be that democracy it not the right thing, but I want to im- press on you the fact that we're losing it. It is advocated today that we have an economic ad- visory council. This is not a new suggestion. They have had it in Europe. One way to bring this about is for the Government to select an advisory council. Such a body would be merely a rubber stamp. The other way, and the more dangerous, is for the groups to elect members -- the railways, the banks, the farmers, and other groups. Then you have two rival bodies. Italy has such a contest, which is necessary to Facism." : The third plan suggested was government ownership which means state ownership, Mr. Moore proceeded. This was the C.C.F. policy or proposal-- state ownership of all key in- dustries, just as Canadian Na- tional Railways are owned and operated by the state. "That is a form of.socialism," the speaker insisted. "You must have dictatorship under that system; you can't have demo- cracy and you can't give up socialism 'once you are socialized. I have lived in a country under dictatorship, I have seen the dictartor come to town. Tkmow what it is to have the press suppressed and civil liberties re- stricted. "T think all this is unnecessary," Mr: Moore declared referring to the plans he had outlined. "We can hold on to democracy if we want to, but we must struggle back to the place we left off. We must have a sensible idea about control." MYRTLE Mr. A. Warring, who has been making his home with his sister Mrs. W. Parks, was removed to Oshawa Hospital last week, suf- fering from an attack of bron- chitis. Myr. Will Cook spent the week Mr. Silas Vernon who is very ill. Mrs. Elwood Masters and daughter was with Pontypool friends for the week end. Mr. Kenneth Moyer spent the week end with his parents a Springfield. Sorry to report the serious ill- 'ness of Mrs. Will Parks, who is i under the care of Dr, McKenney, "suffering from pneumonia, Rev. J. O. Totton attended a (Continued on back page) and not with the individual you" despondent about the of democracy. You can't have ' Ve end in Hamilton with his cousin - or i Aas oy Ae eo >, oN CR SAY, SE NTS NE) . : ; bh : A i MIN x : A { < 4 0% £ a -