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4 o THE OSHAWA DAILY TIMES, SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1928 Here Soon, " Times Has Membership ; | J ad i | { CS AAI nlp AR News Gatheri That Is Secon To None i: "Daily Newspapers From Coast to Coast Cooperate In Pro- ) Complete and Reliable Service -- Members Exchange News--Organization Is Scrupulously Im. ! A ated Press and Reuters. "Canadian Press," as re- news service, 18 held in esteem by most newspaper rs yet few realize just how ex- e are the ramifications of this did Canadian organization of member nor with what e Times is proud to be a f it has been built up over a name to a reat care and 3 of time, 'In order to give Times readers a better idea of The Canadian Press 'and the news services with which it ~ is allied we are reprinting herewith * an address delivered by its General 5 i er, Mr. J. F, B. Livesay, as 8 3 © Mr, Chairman, Ladies and Gentle- Smen:-- As General Manager of The Can- n Press I have been asked to ad- ress you on the subject, "The Can- ~adian_ Press and Allied Organiza- tions," a privilege and opportunity greatly valued, * First, what are The Canadian Press : and the allied 'organizations to which we shall have occasion to refer? They are generally known as "news agencies" or "press agencies," vague _ terms confused often in the public ind with other agencies distributing " ture" services but which have noth) whatever to do with "news," the pi A object of news agencies r. We need not waste time de- 4 the broad term "news"--you all { know it when you see it in your daily ' bsg r, whether on the front page Lor: © But it is necessary to define the a agency" in the sense we ¥ e Encyclopaedia Britannia offers the following definition :--""While § originally the newspaper depended en- tirely on its own reporters and cor- sespondents for news, and still large- _ ly does so, the widening of the field of 'modern journalism is largely due to collective enterprise, by which out- side organizations. known as 'news agencies' send a common service of news to all papers which arrange to take it" Reuters, to which further reference will be made presently, was WS A prep; See i a NTPC id i AES ve ee Sali ES aia 2 Bo Alf it is done {mith heat you reando it. better with oR VR on pe e local, financial or sport pages. |: : and Non-Partisan--Linked Up With Associ. p . the pioneer in this field, and its gen- esis is thus described :--"The first of the great collecting and distributing news agencies, Reuter's Agency, was founded by Julius Reuter, a Prussian government-messenger, who was im- pressed by the common interest rous- ed by the revolutionary moyements in 1848. In 1849 he established a news-transmitting agency in Paris, with all the appliances that were then available. Between Brussels and Aix- la-Chapelle he formed a pigeon ser- vice, connecting it with Paris and with Berlin by telegraph, As the wires extended, he quickly followed them with agency-offices in many parts of the continent, He then went to London, where his progress was for a moment held in check, Mr, Walter of The Times listened very courteously 'to his proposals, but (on the first occasion) ended their inter- view by saying 'We generally find that we can do our own business bet- ter than anybody else can.' He went to the office of the Morning Adver- tiser, which had then the next larg- est circulation to that of The Times, and had better success, He entered into an agreement with that and af- terwards with other London journals, including The Times, and also with many commercial corporations and firms. The newspapers, of course, continued to employ their own organi- zations and to extend them, but they found great advantage in the use of Reuter's telegrams as supplementary In later years this type of news-agency operating all over the world was repeated by others, and also by agencies operating mainly or exclusively only in one country." This little talk divides itself natur- ally into four parts:--(1) What is The Canadian Press? (2) Its His- tory; (3) Its Functions; and (4) Its Cable Service. In outlining these re- ference will be made incidentally to other press agencies with which it is allied directly or indirectly. I.--What is The Canadian Press? First, then, what is The Canadian Press? It operates under Dominion charter, It may be defined as the na- Service tional co-operative and mutual news gathering and distributing organiza- tion of the daily newspaper publish- ers of Canada. It is national because this. Honest intent and Te: sources are indeed the conditions of I Py safeguards in themselves that do not deter bona fide publisher. There is in fact no restriction of The Can adian P mem as, for ins stance, is the case of The Associated ress, whose in such a city as New York have so great value that recéntly two wealthy American news; proprietors, Mr, Munsey and Mr. Hearst, paid large prices for well established bu New York dailies held A d it covers with its news ramifi the entire Dominion from Cape Bre- ton to the Yukon, and because with but one or two trifling exceptions it includes within its membership every Canadian daily newspaper, It is co- operative be every lays freely at disposal of the association the news of his city or assigned ter- ritory. It is mutual because it is not operated for profit and all members share alike in the ascertained cost on basis of the ratio of the popula- tion of the field each serves to the whole population. It has no share capital, and the member once elected, be he representative of a great metro- politan newspajes or of a small town daily, has equal rights and privileges with every other member on the basis of one member one vote, New members in an unoccupied field--that is to say where no daily exists--are admitted freely ; but where a new paper seeks to establish itself in an occupied field, the applicant must satisfy our Board of Directors that the project is commercially feas- ible and that he commands the neces- sary financial resources. To quote the by-laws: --"The privileges of Once ated Press member: ferred to existing the respective purchasers, At the annual meeting of Canadian Press membership a Board of Direc- tors is elected for the ensuing year, fifteen in number, two from the Mari- time Provinces, eight from Ontario and Quebec, two from Manitoba and the Head of the Lakes, and one each from the three Western provinces. The Board thereupon elects its offi- cers for the year, present incumbents being as follows :--President, E. Nor- man Smith, Vice-President of the Ot- tawa Journal; First Vice-President, E. H. Macklin, President of the Manitoba Free Press; and Second Vice-President, G. Fred Pearson, Managing Rirector of the Halifax Chronicle. e General Manager, as Secretary, is the liason officer be- tween this Executive and the Ad- ministration, Il --~History of The Canadian Press All this is perhaps a little tedious but it clears the boards. A sketch of the history of The Canadian Press, ily brief, is essential to an membership in The Ca Press shall be open to the widest extent understanding of its present day compatible with sound and the public service; new applications shall be considered by the Board of Directors primarily in the light of conditions established by the history of newspaper publications in the dis- trict, with a view of deciding the feas- ibility of commercially profitable op- eration; and such applications shall not be granted except under condi- tions which, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, are essential to commercial success, and, lacking which, no real, adequate, permanent and satisfactory service can be ren- dered the public." But these conditons, designed as they are to establish the good faith and stability of the new venture, have roved to be not unduly onerous, for it is matter of record that never in the history of The Canadian Press has an application been refused a publisher who has given reasonable proof of ability to publish a daily newspaper in the field he has selected, From time to time indeed interest- ed parties have charged that The Canadian Press is a monopoly, and It sprang from small be- innings and to meet the inevitable i of modern conditions of daily newspaper production, Let us glance back some score of years. The As- sociated Press, under the sagacious leadership of Melville E. Stone, was then firmly established along pre- cisely the same co-operative lines on which Canadian Press came later to be founded, The A.P, as this great world news agency is generally known, thoroughly blanketed the United States in a news sense and hy its reciprocal agreements with foreign agencies, such as Reuters of London, Havas of Paris and Wolff of Berlin, fortified by its own corres- pondents at every considerable capi- tal, already had reached preeminence in news service, The policy of the A.P. was to ex- change its news with the news agen- cies of other countries. But at that time no such news agency existed in Canada. News services in the Do- minion were then in control of the two telegraph companies, that of the Canadian Pacific Railway and the EE -- The motive power behind the opera- tion of this news- paper is-- ELECTRICITY AND GAS furnished by AT the reduced Gas Rates now in effect, manufacturers would be well repaid by in- vestigating the possible uses of gas dustry, in their in- THE HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION OF ONTARIO ; Call at our office 26 King Street West, for information Or phone 2994-2995 4. H, Woops President of The Canadian Press, Mr. Woods is Managing Director of The Herald, Calgary, Alberta. This portrait is reproduced from a drawing made last year by Kathleen Shackleton, the well- known English artist, who is a sister of Sir Ernest Shackleton. | Great North-Western Telegraph Company. The C.P.R. purchased the news services of the AP. as laid down in Buffalo, made its own se- lection, and distributed the product to all Canadian daily newspapers able and willing to pay the modest charges asked. The CNW. handled only a Canadian domestic news service, com- piled by various district agents, and sold to newspapers also at a very low price. The wealthier Canadian news- papers, particularly those of Mon- treal and Toronto, supplemented this slim, but nevertheless basic, service of news, through their own corres- pondents in the domestic field and by special services from the great news- papers of New York or Chicago. The small town dailies of Ontario had to be satisfied with "boiler plate" news services from commercial sources and supplemented by telegraph bulletins occasionally and spasmodically. They were never "covered" on even big news that broke without warning. Obviously this whole system of con- trol of news service by private cor- porations rather than by the news- papers themselves was vicious. The service was poor if cheap, and never ahove suspicion. The only defense of such a system was that if the tele- graph companies had not carried a news service at a. price within the means of the smaller papers, then these infant dailies, serving in the west practically isolated communities, could not get any ncws service at all and must close down. But in 1907, when the first rebellion against this t an' iested itself in the West, © ves general agreement among "an daily publishers that it was 21 that sooner or later they hlish their own news agency. hreak came in Winnipeg, , for rcasons, that need not be ered upon here, publishers found conditions intolerable and proceeded tn. form the Wesiern Associated Fress, modelled generally along co- operitive tines but mn which the Win- mpeg publishers, a; | caring the chief Lurden, were chief proprietors. The young organization entered into di- competition with the Canadian > Railway throughcut Western a, and was thus deprived of The Associated Press news services, [It secured such other news connections as were then available, and for sey- eral vears it carried on ar uphill fight, but only through the unfaltering loy- a'ty of its members, who, in defense of the principle at stake--control by the uewspapers of their own news | serv'ce--were content t' receive from the Western Associated Press what in sonic ways was an inferior news sory al a cost vary much greater than that supplied by the C.P.R. to their cosupetitor across the street still receiving the compans's service. Confinca at first to most of the daily pilishers of the Head of the Lakes and the three Prairie provinces, an important accession of strength came to the Western Associated Press through the support of the well esteh'ished dailies of Vancouver and Victoria. At about this time Mari- time daily publishers founded the Lastcrn Press Association, governed by the same ideal of co-operative new: seryice, The turning point in the fight came when the Western Associated Press appealed to the Railway Commission, which controlled telegraph rates, aguinst the exorbitant rates charged its members for the transmission of news as compared with the low rates that company charged for its own pews service in the same territory routed over the same wires. This case before the Railway Com- mission enlisted the support of the daily publishers of Ontario and Que- bee, and when these came to stand shoulder to shoulder with their west- ern confreres the battle was won. Towards the close of 1910 the Rail- way Commission declared in favor of equal rates for all press matter. Mr. Beatty, now President of the C.P.R. and then its 1, took his defeat gracefully, enunciating the opinion that a public service corporation had no business in the news agency field and offering to surrender the yalu- able Associated Press rights in Can- ada to the Canadian daily mews- papers. It thus became mecessary for Can- adian daily publishers to erect a respon organization to take over these rights such as could guar- antec to The Associated Press a re- turn service of Canadian mews, and the establishment in 1911 of the Can- rma LL ng a s po Busi ig Billo for the Railway Commission hearings. The ambition of its founders was to make it a truly rel Creed Automatic Printer Will Give Hook-up With Great News Bureaux The Times office. Looks Like Typewriter Many readers doubtless won der what a mechanical printer is. \Briefly, it is a mechanical device \thich bears a superficial resem- these cities until it is received in | Will Give Direct Connection With Toronto, New York and Washington -- Capa- city Up To 25,000 Words Daily--Machine of Bri. tish Manufacture -- In Wide Use in England and Elsewhere In Empire. The Oshawa Daily Times has completed arrangements with The Canadian Press for a leased wire service which will be installed some time this year. This ser- vice will replace the present "ove erhead"" service which The Times now obtains from The Canadian Press and which is copied hv the Canadian Pacific Teiegrapn of- fice and then conveyed by mes- senger to the News Department of The Times. The service at pres- ent runs about 3,000 words a day. Not only has The Times con- tracted for a leased wire service but also for an automatic printer which will permit of about fifi * percent greater capacity than the ordinary leased wire service and copied by telegraph operator. Capacity of 25,000 Words Daily The automatic printer to be in-' stalled at The Times office iy made by the Creed Company at their plant in England and is en- tively of British manufacture, Al- though these printers are in sue- cesful operation in various parts of the Empire, the first one to be put into use on this continent was recently installed in the office of the Kingston Whig-Stndard. This installation was in the nature of an experiment and has proven so entirely satisfactory that The Can- adian Press has plaged orders with the Creed Company for early de- livery of sufficent equipment to complete a new and Northern On- tario circuit which will be com- prised of the Kingston Whig-Stan- dar, Peterboro Examiner, Owen Sound Sun-Times and Oshawa Daily Times. Each automatic printer will have a capacity of from 20,000 to 25,000 words a day. The installation of the leased wire service with the greatly inm- creased capacity made possible by the Creed Automatic Printer will give The Times editor a very large and varied selection of domestie and foreign news which will per- mit the paper to serve its readers with telegraphic news practically on a par with the metropolitan newspapers. The leased wire will keep The Times in touch continuously for seven and a half hours each day with the headquarters of The Can- adian Press in Toornto and the Creed Printer in The Times office will also he synchronized with transmiters in New York ar? Washington so that it will he © Y a matter of seconds from the tin. a dispatch is filed fn either of AContinued on next page) Known Throughout the Dominion CAMEO VELLUM Writing Paper Nesrapusncs 1078" and Fine Stationery throughout Canada, ~~ a bl 'to a typewriter but whieh || is controlled electrically ] from | headquarters of Canadian Press in Toronto. The latest news is there punched out om tape and this tape is inserted im a trans mitter which operates the ma- chine at Oshawa at a minimum speed of sixty words per minute. The copy comes out of the Creed Printer at The Times office as typewritten sheets comes from a typewriter. The saving in time is tremendous for no telegra; operator could take for more than an hour or so at the rate whic.¥ the Creed Printer runs for seven and a half hours a day. { No Longer Experiment Althohgh as stated ab Creed Printer is just ei Ay dnuced on this continent, anoth. er make of automatic printer quite similar to it but of United States manufasture, is in very gen- eral use in the United States and some of this equipment has also been installed in Canada. There- fore, the automatic printer de- vice is by no means untested and there is no doubt at all as to its successful operation in The Times office. When installation is made, which may be a matter of two or thre months henee, the date of in- stallation being somewhat una certain at the present time, due announcement will be made in the columns of The Times and read- ers will be cordialy invited to vis- it the office and see this wonders ful equipment in operation, Made in every required style for social correspondence Paper should reflect, by its own quality, the personality of the writer, oo Cameo Vellum will bear your message in style and dignity and yet is sufficiently economical for "everyday" letter writing. Canada's Largest Makers of Envelopes CAMEO VELLUM is sold by most good Stationers and Druggists