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Bed at Deepest Point bat 'Remains Unsolved Mystery - While man continu.s his conquest the alr and the upper atmospheric glons' by means of airplanes and balloons, the vast depths of the ocean remain inaccessible, except to sound- ing instruments. A diver in a suit hag touched fortysix fathoms, or 276 feet, "and lived. William Beebe and Otis Barton descended last year to a depth + of 1426 feet off Bermuda in a steel sphere, and various specimens of mul- ti-colored Alluminated fish lave been obtained" a mile below the surface, bul WN&frest of the under- water world 'is impenetrable. Yet an ocean depth of ground 35,000 feet has been reported, a distance which exceeds the greatest known height above sea level--Mount Ever- est in the Himalayas, which is. more than 29,000 feet high. Ocean depths greater than 18,000 feet are called deeps and have names, as do moun- tains. The 35,000-foot measurc.nent was made in Mindanao Deep, between the Philippines and Japan, Nearly sixty deeps have been chart- ed, more than hall of them in the Pa- cific. The largest, the Valdiva, ex- tending around Southern Africa part- ly beneath the Indian Ocean, covers an area caluculated to be 1,136,000 square miles, while the Murray, in the Northern Pacific, have reaches almost as great. Very deep soundings have been made comparatively near land, particularly off the western coast of South America, off Japan and off the South Sea Islands. The Nares Deep, the greatest lying wholly in the At- lantic, has a very irregular outline, and in the vicinity of the West Indies sinks to depths of more than 30,000 feet. It has an area of nearly 700,000 square miles. A hundred miles southeast of New York City, lying a mile below the sur- face, is Hudson Gorge, the nearest deep-sea canyon. Twenty-five thous- and years ago, when the ocean's level was 300 feet lower than now, man could have walked the 100 miles out to sea dry-shod. A million years ago, scientists estimate, the whole region was dry soil. To Wage War On Insect Pests An appeal to take up the cudgels of war against flies, mosquitoes and other insect pests is made by Wade Morrow, Canadian Director of the | Rex Research Foundation, of Toronto, | Ontario. The Rex Research Foundation is an international organization devoted to warfare on harmful insects. Mr, Mor- row stated that, since the severe vut- break in 1912, the public has been lax in keeping down 'these pe:ts. Warm, moist weather in many ses- tions has aided a widespread increase of flies and mosquitoes. [12 urged that extermination car an be under- not alone for i's immediate re s but as a precaution against lar- » Jopecits that will result in hordes insects infesting 'his locality next! -t authoritics ares that there are about 6 speci-s of mosquitoes in Canada which 1 cn the blpod of human beings," said Mr. Morrow. "Although a r-gjority of them are most annoying in the woodlands, they often cause people considerable trouble indoors. In autumn they are generally found in cellars and base- nents. "Too many of us are inclined to! think of flies in terms of persona. dis- comfort and annoyance. There 'are no other insects that spread so much disease--they are known to carry germs of 30 different ailments, many of which are very often fatal. The yearly toll of life from "fly borne dis- eases" is more than the annual auto- mobile fatalities. One fly can carry as many as 6,000,000 germs on its' body from its common breeding place in tha most filthy places. "Now is the time to exterminate both these dangetous and deadly pests. The best and most efficient method is for every householder, storekeeper or farmer to spray homes, stores and barns twice daily with good insecticide. Swatting the fly or the use of flypapers in homes is ineffici- ent, destroying only a few. "Spraying not only destroys flies and mosquitoes present; it will keep other insects from entering for a per- iod of time. "Coo. weather causes insects to hide in places inaccessible to extermina- tion methods other than a mist spray. And fall flies are a greater menace than those in summer because of their propagation possibilities for the fol- lowing season. Exterminate one fly this fall and you prevent millions from hatching in the spring." To Make Their Own The "Sturmvogel," organisation of young German workers interested. in aviation, is not only teaching its members how to fly planes, but also how to make their own. According to Bezlin papers, unemployed mem- bers of the I'riecrichshain ercup have built a one-passenger plane, with a 14-horsepower motor, at a fotal cost of 95 marks (worth 23.8 cents each), *® of which 550 went fo. the motor. | What New York | Is Wearing BY ANNEBELLE WORTHINGTON Illustrated Dreismaking Lesson Fur- nished With Every Pattern If you're looking for a wearaole day dress--here it is. It may be worn for every hour of the day. It has lots of good style about it, and yet is so exceedingly simple in line. It is fashioned of lustrous printed satin crepe in brown and white ard is destined for much popularity for all fall. It would also be fascinatingly love- ly in dark green canton-faille crepe silk. Any of the new supple crepy wool- ens could also be used. Style No. 3114 may be had in sizes 14, 16, 18, 20 years, 36, 38 and 40 inches bust measure. Size 16 requires 3% yards of 39-inch material. HOW TO ORDER PATTERNS Write sour name and address plain- ly, giving number and size of such patterns as you want, Enclose 20¢ in stamps or coin (coin preferred; wrap it carefully) for each number, and address your order to Wilson Pattern Service, 73 West Adelaide St., Toronto. tm-- eines Eighty per cent. of England's popu- lation live in urban districts. MUTT. AND. JEFF-- That Makes it Better Than Golf. - Sunday. School Lesson TOO Oo October 11. Lesson Il--Paul In Philippi--Acts 16: 22-34; - Philip- pians 4: 47. Golden Text--Rejolce in the Lord always and again I | say, Rejoice.--Philippians 4: 4. ANALY3IS I. HANDS OFF PROFITS, Acts 16; 16-24, II. THE REWARDS OF COURAGE, Acts 16: III. DEMANDING ONE'S RIGHTS, Acts 16: 35-40. INTRODUCTION -- Christianity was now confronting a new situation--a paganism that knew nothing of Juda- ism. Phil'ppi was inhabited by Ital- ians and Greeks, who owned and worked the gold and silver mines in the neighborhood. The missionaries, thus unhindered by the usual Jewish hostility, were quietly proclaiming the new gospel of salvation by faith. Soon the incident occurred which brought Paul's activities suddenly to « close. I. HANDS OFF PROFITS, Acts 16: 16-24. The trouble began over the curing of a mentally-unbalanced slave girl. She was supposed tv have superna- tural knowledge, and her masters, taking advantage of her condition, made a good business out of her for- tune telling, v. 16. She became convinced that these missionaries were ths inspired slaves of the "Most High God," a widely -nown {tle for the chief deity; and also the agents of "salvation," a de- sire for which -vas wide-spread throughout the region. Her continu- al shoutings greatly embarrassed Paul and the others. Nor could they permit their message to be advertised by such .eans. Paul, invoking divine help, restored her to normal health. This, of course, :nded ner profit-mak- ing powers. When Christianity began to inter- fere with profits, the antagonism of the vested interests was at once arous- ed. The owners of the slave girl thought more about their financial success thar. about the means by which that success was won. They saw in the girl, not an unfortunate member of the auman family, but a means to private gain. They recog- 1:zed that the principles of Jesus were antavouistic to the exploitingof hu- man beings for profit. Appealing to anti-Jewish prejudice:, they trumped up a disloyalty charge (v.21) against: Paul and Silas. Luke and the others were evidently unmolested. The "we" passage ends with v. 17 The scourg- ing and imprisonment which followed wre the first recorded instances of per- secution by Roman authorities. II. THE REWARDS OF COURAGE, Acts 16: 25-34, In prison, the courage of one strengthened the other. The two men prayed--and sang: Their trials had left them undauited. Their religion enabled them to rise above their vir- cumstances. No wonder that the other prisoners "were listening earnestly" to them, v. At midnight an earth-tremor (v. 26) threw open the priso~ Joors and loosed the prisoners. We are not to think of the locked doors of the mod- ern prison. Dr. Ramsay says that "any one who has seer a Turkish pri- son will not wonder that the doors were thrown open. Each door was merely closed with a bar. The tre- | mor as it passed along the ground would force the posts apart so\that the bars would slip from their hold and the doors would swing open. So, too, the chains would fall from the loosened stones of the walls. The prisoners, probably for the mo- ment panic-stricken, and restrained by Paul--as wv. 28 implies, made no attempt: to escape, The jailor, whose own life, according to Roman 'aw, was held responsible for his prisoners (12: 19), was about to commit suicide in order to escape the disgrace of a court-martial death, when Paul as- sured him that all were safe. As the jailor was making the pris-{» June Bug, 33 pound Shetland pony colt, finds a friend in Queen, a 135-pound St. Bernard, who took the morning they sent a message ordering their release, v. 85. Paul's turn, however, had new come. One of the most valued privileges of a Roman citizen was immunity from corporal punishment. He, a Roman citizen had been beaten publicly--by order of these magistrates--and without a hearing. Why did Paul, a Christian, demand his rights? More was involved than his personal privileges. For the sue- cess of his work, his Roman citizen- ship was most valuable. Its rights, unclaimed now, would be of little value again. Also a public vindica- tion would strengthen the position of those whom he would leave behind when he went away. Therefore he insisted on his rights for the sake of the Cause. - Hogs Deplete Grasshoppers In the past few weeks quite a num- ber of clover and alfalfa fields and even corn fields have disappeared via the hopper route, says the American Hampshire Herdsman, hence making the grasshopper situation a matter of grave concern for the Nebraska farmers. Various methods of control are being tried, som2 of which are successful, some not. One farmer, howevar, continues the writer, had brought to his attention an entirely new idea on pest control when ha started out bright and early one morning to round up his cows. OF to the south in his pasture he noticed what appeared to be a game of inloor baseball, participated in by soma 176 agile Hampshire shoats Closer in. vestigation proved that these pigs were merely gathering their morning rations of tankage in the form of lus- cious gresshoppers. G. Lockhart of Syracuse, Neb., aso reports that his Hamps are making rapid gains and slowly the grasshoppers are disap- pearing. ! pity on the motherless youngster. Preserve Canada's Forests Toronto Telegram: One Canadian who has earned the admiration of thinking Canadians is Frank J. D. Barnjum, Year after year he has put up a heroic fight for tle preserva- tion of Canada's forests, Making wildernesses where once magnificent forests stood results in droughts, floods, forest fires, insects and ero- sion, the losses from which are in- creasing year by year at an appall- ing rate. Moreover, as Mr. Barn- jum points out, the prodigality with which ' pulpwood concessions have been handed out may have helped the promoters, but has resulted in the loss to the public of hundreds of millions of dollars. It is time that the public of Canada rose in their might and gave needed assistance in his campaign to stop this imbecile waste of the country's resources. -- meen mrs Magnetic Sweeper Salvages Fortune in Precious Metal When the housewife uses the carpet sweeper she is not trying to recover some missing pieces of costly plati- num. However, in factories where cline in' Popu $0 Torts Ir England vy mors thar I0c rs 000 a year for several years, it is still argued that the country is threatened with an actual decrease in | population. Analyses by several com- | petent statisticians are interpreted by Professor S. J. Holmes, of the Uni- versity of California,to bear out this contention. Yih 4 If we disregard migration, a popu- lation in which births exceed deaths is obviously increasing. * If the birth rate were twenty-five per 1,000, and the death rate twenty per 1,000, the population would be increasing at the rate of five per 1,000 each year. But to infer that, if the present fer- tility and mortality were to remain the some, the population would keep on increasing at the same rate, would constitute a serious error. Curiovsly enough, a surplus of births over deaths does not insure a rate of re- production that will continue to main- tain a stock at its presen level. To explain this paradcx, suppose that a population contains relatively few children and a large proportion of women_ between the ages of 20 and 40, when child-biaring is most fre- quent. The birth rate of this popula- tion would be high. Consider the same population twenty years from row when the women are older anl only a small number of children are born. Then, as the age composition of the population would be unfavor- able for rapid increase, the birth rate would be bound to fall. When the birth =ates and death rates are known for the various age groups, it is possible '0 estimate what the natural increase of a population would be when the anomalies of its sge composition are outgrown. It has been estimated, by studies in the Un- ited States, that the true rate of in- crease is only about half of what ie indicated by subtracting the .death rate {rom the lirth rate. lamps for switchboard signals are manufactured, this is one of the jobs the sweeper must do. Platinum wire is used in this manu- facture and some of the platinum gets lost in handling, particles dropping on the floor. Qne way of getting them is with a small magnet, but a magnetic sweeper is also used. The sweeper consists of several individual magnets placed side by side on a frame which | has wheels and a handle. Several times a day the sweeper goes over the floor collecting bits of platinum, E-- ------ Gulf Stream Grows Colder, French Meteorologists Suspect Dinard, France. -- Fishermen and meteorologists are going to determine whether the' Gulf Stream is growing colder or whether currents from the northern ice shelf have shoved it out of its usual path, The disappearance of certain fish which formerly abounded in . the stream and reports of bathers that sea water is colder than usual have led to the decision to sink thermometers over a twenty-mile strip of the stream, rem, Contract Plan Proposed As Farmers' Solution London.--A suggestion that farm crops be produced on contract, much like shoes or shaving soap is'manu- factured on dealers 'orders, was made at the centenary meeting of the Bri- j tish Associations for the Advancement oners fast, he recalled, doubtless, what |... | the slave girl had been shouting,--the "slaves of the Most High God," she had called them. They. brought "salva- tion," she said. After the astounding events of the night, there could be little doubt of it. His inquiry brought salvation to himself and his house- hold, 29-34. The evangelists thus won the usual rewards of courage; hostil- ity and suffering, an untroubled mind in spite of apparent defeat, souls for their hire. III, DEMANDING ONE'S RIGHTS, Acts 16: 35-40. : The magistrates, too, had felt the earthquake, and, like the jailor, had connected it with the preachers. In | Tne above photograph snows | Captain R. CQ. Malin, R.D.,, R.N.R. whose appointment as Commodore of the Cunard Line has just been announced. (Cunard Photo) | mired aire | OUR BUSINESS Our grand business in life is not to! see what lies dimly at a distance, but to do what lies clearly at hand.-- Carlyle. ee. Men would rather give their wives credit for what they do than give thon money, SIR SIDNEY, ARE YOU | A GOLFER OR A LANDSCAPE | GARDENER ? v MUTT, Don't YOU KkKNow THAT A GENTLEMAN DOESN'T TALK WHILE ANOTHER GENTLEMEN 1S PLAYING A STROKE? of Science. It was made by Sir John Russell, whose paper on "The Changing Out- look in Agriculture" sought-to answer the British farmer's question of sup- plying food requirements to the coun- try without piling up surpluses which injure the grower without benefiting the consumer, ou RI . [Engaged "The happiest thing in all the world is having A maid so true," he said "It's not to be compared," she answer- ed, "With having a trousseau made." The statistician, Kuczynski, in hia volume, "The Balance of Births and Deaths," has estimated the population growth of northern and western Europe. To obtain a satisfactoty in- dex of what he calls the net fertilivy | rate, M. Kuczynski has calculated the extent to which women give rise to , other women to replace them. In { 1916, he finds that the rate for the whole region did not exceed 0.93, which means an actual loss, and for , the various countries: Finland, 1.09; ! Denmark, 1.097; Sweden, 0.95, and France, 0.937. Germany's rates, in 1926 and 1927 were lower than those of France. In England and Wales, he esti- mates, the net reproduction rate, which in 1921 was 1,87, was 0.88 in 1926, and 0.82 in 1927. This would seem to mean that the rate of thoss countries will not maintain the pres- ent population when 'he age composi- | tion of the peopie adjusts itself more , nearly to the present rate of propa- «ation, --r---- Cheap Student Rates Offered in Germany In order to promote air-mindedness among the rising generation in Ger- many and 'at the same time help keep . the seats in its passenger planes filled, i the Lufthansa recently announced that it would earry college students at special rates, approximating the third; class railroad fare. Applicants for these rates must have vouchers prov- ing their identity and make their re- Fauests for passage just before the scheduled departures of the planes, as passengers paying the regular prices must all be taken care of be- fore room is made for the students. J 'Jtalian Women Take » Up Study of Aviation According to reports in European papers, more than 1,300 young Italian women are taking advantage of free instruction by government pilots in the art of flying airplanes. All classes of the population are represented and three princesses and four duchesses are learning to fly. : 2 ETHIE 1S AS MUCH FON AS GOLF- AND YOU CANTALK ATIT- SOT TELLA MY MARYOOTCH = YOU COOKA LOTTA DA SPAGHET TODAY = | 1x 667 BIGGA PA | APPETITE WHEN "T WORKA LKA fi tain amoumt of th~ hair wh ed from Tsingtao originates In Shan- tung Province, but the greater quanti- ties come from the interior province of Honan and the more distant west- ern province of Shensi, 'Hair for use in making nets must be at least twenty inches long. Con- sequently, much of it is derived from cutting queues, as many of the peas- ant class in North China did not cut their hair at the time of the revolu- tion in 1911. Bach year a number of them adopt the new style. Hair suit- able for making nets is selected alse from the combings of long-haired men and women, and a certain quantity is obtained from the sale of hair by the destitute of both sexes to obtain ready money. The shorter strands, or hair otherwise unsuited to the manufacture of nets, are exported a: human hair. Dealers in the small towns and vil lages collect the hair in their respec- tive vicinities, and when a fair amount hag been obtained dispose of it to larger dealers. This process may be repeated several times before the hair reaches one of the net-weaving cen- tres. Chinese human hair is invari: ably black and in its natural state too coarse and stiff for the manufacture of nets. It is first bleached, therefore, with hydrogen peroxide, Phen treated with various acids to reduce it to the necessary degree of fineness, and fin- ally dyed. The hair after having been treated and dyed is distributed to-the small villages in the vicinity of Tsinan, Weihsein and elsewhere along the Kiaochow-Tsinan Railway, where the weaving is done largely under the supervision of representatives of the exporter. The manufacture of hair nets is essentially a household indus- try and forms the only means of sup- port of many families in the interior of Shantung Province, where peasants have become very skillful in weaving these articles. Weaving of 'hair nets consists of meshing the hair by tying knots in a manner almost identical with the mak- ing of fish nets, although needles or bamboo hooks are employed to facili- tate manipulation by the fingers. En- tire families often are employed at this handicraft." A sk :led weaver can turn out twelve nets a day. Tho nets are made in three styles, fringe, cap and black, and in two qualities--first grade, one size to a package, nets uni- form in size, more than 95 per cent. perfect, made from clean, strong col- ored hair, and second grade, not so perfect, .some streaky nets allowed, and sizes in package. not uniform, The extent to which the bobbed-hair vogue affected China's export trade in hair nets is indicated by the sharp de- cline in value of shipments to the United States from $84,410 worth in 1924 to $19,653 in 1925, $8,234 in 1926 and $2,167 in 1927. In 1928, however, trade began to improve. Hair nets shipped from China to the United States fhat year were valued at $8,180 and increased ¢ $10,089 in 1929 and $12,769 in 1930. smth Ai wim 'Modern Civilization New York Times: . The fear that haunts one is whether man, with all his social security and wellbeing, can be truly healthy and happy in a crowd- ed, paved, sewered, subwayed and skyscraper world, Can man survive unless, like Anteaeus, he is allowed at intérvalg to touch the soil from which he sprang, to lose himself in woods, to look up through the branches of trees, to paddle his feet in cool water? What will. happen to the race when the whole countryside 'is "transform- ed by technology?" tty Religion and Morality The attempts, to found a morality independent of religion are like the actions of children when, wishing to move a plant which pleases them, they tear off the root which does net please, and seems unnecessary to them, and plant it in the earth with- out the root. Without a religious foundation there can be no true, un- simulated morality, as without a root there can be no true plant. Religion is man's conception of his relation to the infinite universe, and to its source, gent guide of life proceeding only from this relation. Lo ------ One day in the bath, a piece of per fumed clay came to me from the hand of a friend. I asked, "Art thou musk? Art thou amber?" It replied, "I was a worthless plece of clay, but having «© [for a season associated with the rose, {ts beneficent virtue has penetrated me; without that I should still be com- © 7| mon earth."--The Gullistan, to the manufacture of hair nets export- And morality is the ever-pre-, . » A