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one who wishes! doing ) a view rely too much "husiness trip, after spending two and a half 'in the country between Pas 'and Churchill, The picture he draws of this pro- bi e seaport is of a place where is cheap, water extremely scarce,' money almost worthless, game and fish abundant, houses rare, and hotels _mon-existent; the three months of oombined spring and summer uncom- fortably hot and sticky, and every- thing during the other nine months frozen hard. A fine place/for a young man to go and "rough it," with a very high chance of his winning out; but not a place inviting to a man with a family, or to one who is accustomed to paying people to do things for him. "Anyone who 1s thinking of going up there," says Mr. Dugal, "had bet. ter take all the beds and bedding he needs, and an abundant supply of food and provisions It is no use re- lying on a pocket full of money, be- cause most of the time your money is of no use up there In any case, I ; advise them to take a return ticket." 'The Town Itself The principal work that has been done at Churchill during the past year, Mr. Dugal said, is the building of the docks, and harbor works. A picture he 'brought back showed the main. wharf extending out from the shore some distance, and then turn. © dng to form a shelter bay. This bay he explained, is to be filled in with rocks and gravel, of which an abund- ant supply is avallable within a mile of Churchill, = Three houses visible in the foreground cf thé picture con- stitute the town of Churchill to date, and are inhabited by three of the en- gineers in charge of the work there, The workers are sheltered in bunk- houses some distance away. There is no sign of a hotel there yet. In fact, the nearest thing to a hotel between Churchill and. The Pas, according to Mr. Dugal, is Bacon's Two Bit Flop, of which he brought back a picture. - The "flop" costs, as) the advertisement says, "two bits," 'but thé customer must take his own bedding, or else sleep uncovered on the floor. In front of the building{ are'a few big builders, which constit- ute the main dining room. Anyone , who has food can sit on a boulder to eat it, free of charge. - If he has no food, he is out of luck. Money is not likely to procure it for him, Plan Model City The town of Churchill is being plan- ned by the Provincial Town Planning _ Engineer of Manitoba, W. B. Hobbs, and it is claimed that it will be laid out in ideal form, so that its construe tion and layout will be of the most modern, and will allow for expansion for many years to come. "Conditions there, however, are not Just what they are said to be in some advertising booklets," Mr. Dugal con- tinued. "Of course, the advance of "elvilization may improve living condi- fons there, But the Government has not yet solved the water prob- Jem. So far, they have been bring- dng water up from Lake Rosabella, _ but that will not be enough to take care of the demand for long. . "The railways and the Provincial Government and other organizations 'have already had thousands of in- Anquiries and applications from people 'wanting to go up there and establish & businesses. I believe when they all ' get there, there will be a lot of suf k * fering!/in and around Churchill unless the people take; with them abundant supplies of 'beds, bedding, plenty, of food, and so forth. They need not go there with money In thelr pocket for it is of practically no use to them, & No End to Frost | "With regard to water, they have dug as far down as 210 feet and still Bad not gone beyond the frost, The 'water will have to be brought in from 'at least 10 miles away. i the Sola wean rand the sontirvd ence of t, they wi ave Li team against the water pipe, encase the whole in a bigger pipe. re, or else the water pipes will eze and burst, i : an example of how the frost gets t| rough it, to On account | To take life as it comes and deal with men whose yes and no are as good by word of mouth as on a sworn affidavit, this north country, in Ms opinion, is a land of golden op- portunity, If he has a big heart, and no fear of bucking adverse conditions, and ignores physical discomfort, he has a 10 to one chance of winning out and making good. As a mining country, thinks the territory served .by the Hudson's Bay Railway is ideal, and a man who lives in the country bas a wonderful chance to achieve success financially, as well as in other spheres that he may value' more highy than money making. No Cellars Built Owing to the frozen condition of the ground, a new method of house construction has had to be devised. ou Mr. Dugal| The foundations dre built above the ground, Basements start from the ground up. Then, when a few houses have been built, the space between them is fillediup, and the surrounding land raised to the grdund floor level by dumping gravel and rock on the fro- zen earth. This eliminates the neces- sity of blasting through frozen ground which is as hard as reek, Even if, as may yet happen, in Mr, Dugal's opinion, there is ever enough grain shipped out of Churchill to make it worth while bringing ships there, he is convinced that the rail way will ultimately prove a profitable enterprise, through serving the min- ing country. Practically right up to the bead of steel, ores of various kinds are to be found in the ground, and as the mines open up and begin to produce, they will furnish freight for the railway, and will attract a mining population for which provi tions will have to be shipped by rail. In this way, as a mining land, and as a railway devoted to the service of the mines, he foresees a great future for northern Manitoba and the Hud- son's Bay Railway. As a seaport, he is not very hopeful for Churchill at present, although he agrees that the advance of civilization might change conditions in many ways. At present the Eskimos, who are very numerous around .Churchill, are showing a great deal of surprise at all the activitiy that is going on, and are very much intereted, = Whether they will be able to adapt themselves to civilizaticn, or whether they will re- cede as the white man 'pushes further north, remains to be seen, The Eskimo finds abundant subsistence,ill this dis- triot, and so can the white man, if he will follow the Eskimo example, and hunt and fish for it. Baby whales 15 to 20 feet In length can be har- | pooned any time, and fish of various kinds are plentiful. In the neigh- borhood there is also plenty fof wild life. But you have to go and get it yourself. There is no store around the corner where it can be 'purchased. It Gets 'em All Among the pictures Mr. Dugal brought from the north is one of an Eskimo quivering with joy as he lis- tens to an old jazz record heing play- ed on a portable gramophone, Ten thousand dollars' worth of white fox and silver fox pelts hung up on the wall of the trading post just behind him do not give him the slightest thrill. But the syncopated . racket trom a 50-cent record sets him quiver: ing with excitement. Another shows an Bskimo ccuple with their baby. Availing himself of the Bskimo's love of adornment with | ments. grapher bribed the Rskimo to pose with his family by allowing him to wear his snow goggles for a few mo- The sweater worn by the man and the §kirt worn by the wo- man are of city manufacture, and were purchased by the Eskimos with preci ous pelts, | : > SMILES Of all appearances of the human countenances methinks a smile is the most extraordinary. It plays with a surprising agreeableness in the eye, breaks out wtih the brighest distinct fon, and sits like a glory upon the countenance, What sun is there with- in us that shoots his beams with so sudden a vigor? To see the soul flash in the face at this rate one would think wculd ,convert an Atheist; by the way, we may observe that smiles are much more becoming than frowns. This seem® an actual encouragement to good humor, as much as to say, if people have a mind to be handsome, they must not be peevish and unto- ward.--Jeremy Collier. - "Tom has broken with his rela- tives." "But he broke them before he broke with them." s---------- HELPING OTHERS Light and reflector both have thelr part in the radiance of the lighthouse. If we cannot have the power and bril- liance of a flame for good, we can unselfishly reflect whatever light others make. . Many a great man's life is made & beacon not only by its own flame, but by the wife, or sister, or friend, who helps to gather, focus, and send out the rays. "I Dad e friend," Was Charles Kingsley's ex- planation of his success in life, In helping others to shine, many souls can find the loveliest usefulness and radiance that could be asked for. nme A emit TRUE PLEASURE True pleasure consists in clear thoughts, sedate affections, sweet re- flections: a mind even and stayed, true to its God, and true to itself.-- Should They Be Told? . By Prof. Fraser Harris "I have been to half a dozen doctors --=and not one of them can do anything for me." % How often do we hear that phrase from men and women who, for one reason or another, have heen unable to find a cure or even a palliative for their disease? 4 'When complaining that their doctor "tells them nothing" they are apt to forget that sometimes the truth would be as brutal as to be overwhelming. In the old days--yet not so very long ago--there was a blind belief in the infallibility of the medical man, and hence equally unquestioning obe- dience to his advice. To-day he is no longer placed on a pedestal, The patient is apt to take a "man-toman" attitude. Yet every sick man must put some trust in the ability of his physician, just as the litigant must belleve that his lawyer will pull him through some difficult legal case. Speaking generally, laymen now know so much about the broad prin- ciples of hygiene and even of element. ary physiology that a doctor is justl- fled In departing from the older rigid notions of medical etiquette. But the trouble 1s that having given the layman an Inch he demands sev- eral ells! 4 In many cases the doctor can per- suade hls patient to co-operate intel- ligently with him by discussing the benefits of certain treatment, but there are necessarily limits beyond which no physician, surgeon, or con- sultant must go. The converse holds equally good, for there have beén many instances of great suffering and hardship in- flicted through well-meaning but too outspoken frankness on the part of the doctor. Not long ago an officer of a certain regiment in India requested a medical man to explain the reason of an inter- mittent paln and swelling in his throat. The surgeon examined him with care, the patient meanwhile scanning 'his face anxiously for the verdict. At last he could stand the suspense no longer. "I think you'a better tell me the truth," he sald. "Anything is better than this suspense!" Hopkins, strange and unusual things, the photo- Fishing Whether Large or After a certain amount of evasion, Small is of Broad Interest the surgeon gave it as his opinion that the officer was suffering from cancer, England was imperative, For more than four weeks that man suffered tortures of mental anguish. He knew the reputation of the dread disease, and that h¢ might have to face years of treatment and expensive perhaps prove useless, at once to a specialist who pronounced ous than a tumour which could easily be removed! Here was a case in which the medi- cal man--not absolutely sure of his kept his opinions to himself. tailing great mental suffering, tient that word may be a virtual death. sentence; the doctor's plain duty to be frank. hide the truth grave misdemeanor, interest of your patient?" a "Any onion plot." playwright is a strong idea knows ---- and sald that his immediate return to. operations which, in the end, might When he reached London he. went the "cancer" to be nothing more seri- diagnosis--should prost certainly have' On the other hand, there are those terrible mgments when the physician must tell the truth at the risk of en- In the case of a fragile, nervous pa- but where the patient is stricken with mortal sickness, it is Even the worst news can be broken gently, for there comes a time when to is to be guilty of a The keynote of all medical practice is, and must remain, "Is it in the best that an in a garden celand to Mark Of Parliament Canada Among Vat Coun- tries to Join Early Repub- lic in Celebrating An- * niversary The millennial anniversary of the founding of the Icelandic Parliament, the oldest existing Parliament, will be observed next June on that island. It will constitute a milestone in the his- tory of the civilized world and many countries will send delegates. Canada and the United States will send two delegates each, and the United States has appointed a com- mission, under the chairmanship of Senator Peter Norbeck, of South Da- kota, to erect on the island a statue or other memorial to Leif Ericson at a cost of $55,000. King Christian to Attend. King Christian X of Denmark will open a special three days' session or Parliament at Thingvelliroon, the an- cient site where, 930 A.D, the sturdy Viking settlers met and worked out a democratic constitution. The King will receive greetings and addresses the first day of the Athing, or Natlon- al Assembly, from both houses of that body and from delegates from foreign governments, The official*opening of the celebra- tion will take place with a religious service on the morning of June 26, conducted by the Right Rev. Jan Hel- gasson, Bishop of the State Church of Iceland, which is Lutheran, By invitation of Parliament two delegajes will represent each of the following countries: Great Britain, Denmark, Germany, France, Belgium, the Irish Free State, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, Czechoslovakia, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Sweden and Fin- land. The Faroe Islands and the Isle of Man will each send one reptesenta- ---- 3 The discovery of the, fossilised bones of ten men who lived, perhaps, a mils lion years ago, is announced in a teles gram from Peking, : "This find was made near that city, In a cave which has already yielded very valuable anthropological treas ures. "The most important item is a per- fect skull, examination of which, it is held, shows that at so remote a period of the world's history there existed on earth beings who had the power of thinking and who walked in an erect attitude, "Acording to the view taken hy scientific authorities at Peking, in cluding the distinguished Canadian, Dr. Davidson Black, who made ime portant earlier discoveries at the cave, the 'Peking man' excels in antiquity all previous finds of the sort. "This 'Peking man,' in fact, is be- lleved to be the direct ancestor of the present human family." v ¥ --Dally Telegraph, "The petrified bones of ten men, who, it is estimated, lived a million years ago, bave been found in a lime- stone cave fn a field at Choukoutien, thirty milgs from Peking," writes the Peking Correspondent of the Daily Telegraph. "This discovery was announced by a group of scientists representing the Rockefeller Foundation and Geologi- cal Survey of China, "Included In these paleontological {reasures is a complete human skull comprising a perfect cranium and facial bones. This is described as a most remarkable and {mportant con- tribution to the history of human de- velopment. "In the same limestone matrix the searchers unearthed a prehistoric rhinoceros. "A preliminary investigation of the skull, which is now locked up in the safe of the Rockefeller Institute under the guardianship of Dr. Davidson palaeontt logist, tive, Delegates will also be sent from the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan and from the states of Minnesota and North Dako- ta, where there are many Iceland descent, people of Churches to Send Delegates Preparations are being made to for 25,000 people, and the Lutheran and Unitarian Churches are making plans to send large numbers of their communicants to the celebration. Iceland's name is misleading. land," which it was called by the Nor- wegian pirate, Naddoe, who was its discoverer, Iceland has mild winters and temperate summers. The climate is comparable to that of Edinburgh or Glasgow, and the island is diversi: fled by sea, glaciers, volcanoes, up- lands and rivers. { In 874, when two Norwegians and their families and followers made the first settlement there, Iceland was in a primeval stat: The geographers and map-makers are responsible for the general impression that, except for the « .thern portion, Iceland fis vague ud unknown. through the Sirait of Belle Isle, to Reykjavik, is about 2,100 miles. Population Now 100,000 For years tHe Gloucester, Mass, fishermen have been visiting the is- land, fishing on the west coast. Some married Icelandic women and brought them home to Gloucester, where there are now about fifty Icelanders, The present population of Iceland is esti- mated at 100,000. In Canada there are from 35,000 to 40,000 Icelanders, and in Western United States there are from 12,000 to 15,000, Visitors in June probably that the most interesting place on the island is the Thingvellir, the seat of the old Parliament, along with the Logherg, or Mount of Law, a long, oval fragment of lava upon which the old Logmann, the sovereign judge of the whole island, expounded the laws or proclaimed new ones, On the Log- will find indeed, the Icelanders have declared it to be the very first. On the Logberg the old sa inated and were told, and it was there in the year 1000 that Christianity was adopted for the entire island, wihout gag position. There, too, criminals were tried and had punishment meted out to them. Women, convicted of infidel ity, infanticide and other offences were sewn in sacks and tossed into the "drekkingarhl," or drowning pool, from the brink of the chasm where the Oxera or Axe River forms a nolsy basin on its way to Thingvalia Vatn, the largest of the Icelandic lakes. The city of Reyqjavik is supplied with natural hot water, and heat Is being developed from the springs for public buildings in that city. From time immemorial the hot water has been used for laundry work. From many miles around the women and girls congregated, bringing their linen, * The King of Denmark will be pre- sent this summer as the King also of Iceland. The island was an independ- ent republic until 1262, when the Na- tional Assembly agreed that it should becoime subject to Norway. A Nor wegian Governor was appointed to re- side in Iceland, but the laws remained practically unchanged. In 1837 Ice- land became part of the Danish king- dom, and in 1904 home rule was grant ed to the people there. In 1918 full independence was given, - care | In- | stead of being an ice land, or a "Snow- | From Montreal, | berg the sturdy Vikings founded one | of the earliest republics in Europe; | bloodshed, although not without op-|* Black, a Canadian confirm the deductions made by scientists from other evidence as to | man's ancestry, and relegates the | Java Ape Man definitely into a minor | position as a mere offshoot. yped frontal eranium and sasurerhents of the vinced Dr. Black that * was a thinking be- ct, dating to the be- | "The dev | the | skull | the 'P ing, st | ginning « t | "Then ten fos | huddled together | ndicating that tl ife. "Every aut skull unhesits covery as epo ng all previous "That the Peki thropus Pel cestor of the is the empl opinion "The first credit of rec importance of the find bel J. G. Anderson, a Swed! who, with Dr. Grainger, Phalacont ologist of the Ame rican Museum of Natural History, surveyed the field in ng n, with another n, found the first tooth the 'Peking Man', «pr, Davidson Black persuaded ! Chinese to permit sustained excava ng funds supplied by geologis investigat Swede, of his tions, emp | the Rocke Foundation. The | Chinese insisted on the partleciy of a Chinese excavator named Peiwe chung, 10 tu rix be sk | tons." Dr Ellfot Smith was asked by & represen ve of the Daily Telegraph to state his views on the most recent find of the remains of primitive man. He sald: | "The announcement attributed to | profe or Davidson Black of the dis- | covery of the remains of ten examples | 6} the Peking man must be regarded | as the most important find of the re- ancient man that has ever | mains of been m "In (Pit je case of the Ape-Man thropus) in Java there ly the tantalising { h three teeth, ar | edge Bo the leg bone was part of th me individual as the fragmer {he skull, In the case of the | down sre was simply a | ment of the skull and a piece of the jaw, Heiterice the discovery in China of the remains of no less than ten fn. | dividu belonging to a primitive type, which may be as old as the Pilt= down man In England and the Ape Man In Java, should make it possible to acquire a much fuller knowledge of {he nature of the human family than it seemed reasonable ever to expect. lbp A STRIKING THOUGHT We have most of us in our time thrown a pebble into a pond, and traced the effect which the action has produced. We have gazed on the agitated and then subsiding waters, till circle after circle, each surpassing in extent the one preceding it, has affected the whole liquid surface ex- tended before us. What an interest. Ing spectacle it would be, it, In like manner, We could minuately trac the effect of a strikng and useful thought! By what process such & thought 1s conceived, is only shown to Him who knows all things; but it is clear to us, that when itls made | mown in the state of society, it be- | comes the centre of a thomsand cir "cles, spreading its Influence im- measurably berond our faculty of obs servation, re