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"by wetting her house in order. A 'as at present, declares Prof. 'K. Tao, after an eight-months' study handicraft workers in Pelping for the Foundation, an institution 'established with some of the money retirned under the American Boxer indemnity. "Dr. Tao and his assistants selected 500 representative families, engaged in artificial flower-making, crocheting, making match-boxes, toy-manufacture and other occupations which can be done in the homes, or in small fac- tories. He discovered that in most eases it is impossible for families so engaged to support themselves, even when the small children work. Of the 500 familles, 299 are receiving char- ity in some form or other, This study was undertaken before the capital was removed from the North to Nanking, so that the condi- tions incidental to removel of the gov- ernment offices do not affect the sur- vey. The picture which Dr, Tao draws is that of a disappearing group--the handicraft workers of China, Since the appearance of machine-made goods in the Orient, they have fought a losing fight, Dr. Tao points out, and disturbed political and economic con- ditions have hastened their defeat in competition with the machines from Dismppeaance of Handicrafts Before Advance of ne-Made Goods Indicated by Economic Er Investigation of Conditions in Peiping Unpaid or unemployed workers the West. ~~ 3 trained for ome occupation, have turned to others as a last resort, said Dr. Tao. In comsequences, he found unpaid policemen working as house servants, shop assistants who have lost thelr jobs becoming jinrikisha pullers, and workers in some handi- crafts which have been almost de- stroyed turning to others, increasing the competition and lowering the prices. Dr. Tao found that the average total earning of the 500 households was only $157 Mexican, a little more. than $76 gold per year for an average of more than four persons. Living in the simplest possible manner, the in- vestigators found that the 500 fami- lies spent about $1 gold per year on food for the family, the remaining $25 gold having to cover everything. Of the 5157 Mexican, which repre- sents the yearly earnings of a family, only $68 Mexican (about $35 gold) is derived from handicrafts, the rest coming from other work. In the 500 families studied, there were 934 handi- craft workers skilled in some form of handwork. Their daily earnings ranged from 2% to 11 cents gold, the highest paid not receiving enough for 10 or 12 hours of work to live on. Dr. Tao believes it will not be long before the handicraft worker will en- tirely disappear. Woman Doétor on Keeping Young Mental "Muscles" Need Ex- ercise and Stimulation, She Says So much time and trouble are spent ifn maintaining a youthful aspect phy- slcally" that it is sometimes forgotten that the mental make-up is at least as important, writes a woman doctor in the London Daily Express. Victorian women became stout and elderly at thirty through exercise, quite often relapsing into a state of semi-invalidism which is practically unknown in these days. Modern women have not a retinue of servants, but laborsaving devices and smaller households combine to give them a considerable amount of spare time. Letting Mentality "Sag" It is fatally easy to let mental "muscles" run to fat. They need ex- ercise and stimulation like the rest of the body. Too often the reading done, the plays and films seen, even the concerts attended are less stimulants than narcotics. How many of us must plead guilty "to the accusation--recently levelled at us---of allowing music to drift past our ears as stream of sound, without making the slightest effort to under- stand it. Similarly "easy" novels are selected. "Something light for the week-end," the librarian is asked for, and someone else is allowed to choose our mental diet. It has been suggested that educa- tion be left till minds have matured; that the young be urged to "do," and the older in order to be able to think to any purpose, and once one loses the reins and lets one's intellectual processes drift, it requires a real effort to get the upper hand again. A Stimulating Tonic The brain can be kept in training alert, youthful, open to new ideas, and attuned to catch the best output from other brains, either by pursuing some apecial branch with real enthusiasm, filling those spare hours with definite work at a particular object outside one's ordinary concerns, or in main- taining a certain standard of what can only be called "culture" in all the arts, taking literature, drama, music, in whatever form, as small tonic doses, not as sleeping draughts. Those who complain they are not "brainy" can turn their practical gifts into new channels, developing arts and crafts that will astonish them. The joy and enthusiasm in finding a new job or hobby, however one re- ,8ards it, and the first glorious flush of success has to be experienced to be appreciated. There can be no doubt as to its rejuvenating effect. ar recmrfmmmmeas Relief Work for Unemployed Spectator (London): Germany in the days of her profoundest depres- sion gave the whole world an example She freely scrapped old industrial plant, and' set 'up modern industrial plant against the day when her trade should revive. What are the unemployed but a standing warning that we now the same opportunity? 'Trade gems to be slowly reviving, and Pi may never again be such a sur- of labor that could be turned on | /"%o'put our house in order. : Pl Ea CHINA'S FINANCE KING T. V. Soong, minister of finance for China, who has tackled the difficult job of balancing a Chinese budget, stabilizing her currency and estab- lishing the nation's credit abroad. "Sherlock Holmes" Fooled for Once Conan Doyle, Noted Spiritual- ist is Victim of Hoax' Revelation Nairobi, East Africa.--Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, famous author of the Sherlock Holmes detective stories and more recently prominent as an advocate of spiritualism was the vic- tim here of a hoax revelation. Sir Arthur, who is touring and lec- turing on spirituaism, was exhibiting "ghost pictures" which he had accept- ed as authentic physical manifesta- tions of spirit existence. One in par- ticular he had pointed out, a dim fig- ure which he asserted was a spirit which had inhabited a local haunted house, He called attention to the "hard, wicked face" of the apparition and suggested that it perhaps was the spirit of a clergyman "earth-bound be- cause of his sins." At this point Spencer Halmer, a dentist well-known hereabouts, arose and announcéd: "That's me!" He ex- plained that the picture was taken 16 years ago at Nottingham, England, 100 miles northwest of London. After he and friends had unsuccessfully watch- ed all night at a haunted house for gigns of a ghost, he said he had dressed in a night shirt and a friend had made the photograph -« Alaskans Explore Yukon Searching for Mastodon Hagle, Alaska,--Seeking prehistoric animal remains Orin Wicks and Abe Miller have 'started down the Yukon Siver ice watching intensity along the shores for signs where the action of frost may have uncovered tusks or other evidences of buried mammoths. There is a fortune awaiting the find- ers of a mastodon frozen solid in the ago-old ice, for up to $50,000 has been offered by several eastern museums. The last well preserved carcass was found near Dawson in 1904, It is now mounted in the National Huseum. Each spring remains of the anclent monsters are found along the Yukon dm ms -- - where avalanches trom clay |' bluffs expose old glacial strats. hh THEY HAVE Misses Nancy and Betty Debennam will make a 2,000-mile tour of - TO TOUR 2,000 MILES FOR NOTHING ; England at a cost of nothing on.a wager with Kaye Don, the famous motorist. The girls will make their expenses writing and carrying parcels, Island Which Britain Ceded to Norway Now Reported to Be Only an Iceberg Breeding Enemies of Our Insect Foes "Beneficial" "Parasites -- that is; beneficial to man, are those that in- fest and kill pests that injure our domestic animals and cultivated trees and plants. These beneficial parasites are now being bred and exported in large quantities .to points where their services are needed to war against local pests. "A laboratory for breeding bene: ficial parasites, established by the British Empire Marketing Board, has | now been at work for rather more than a year, Consignments of in- sects have been sent out in response to requests from Canada, New Zea- land, Australia, South Africa, Kenya, the Falkland Islands, and different parts of England. Between 20,000 and 30,000 larvae of the pine tortrix, 90 per cent. infected with a parasite that attacks it in its larval stage, were recently collected (largely from Brandon, in Suffolk) for Ontario. On-: tario also received 20,000 parsites of the greenhouse white fly, which was exported on whole tomato sprigs and sent over in cold storage. "Adult parasites of a scale insect | that attacks fruit were sent over in! small sealed test-tubas to Vancoucer | and provided with raisins for nourish- ment in transit. 'The wood Wasp | Sirex infests most timber-growing countries. Its larvae bore their way into tree trunks, leaving behind them neat circular tunnels in the wood. The Sirex parasite is another fly, Rhyssa, with a long ovipositor which it thrusts right through the grain of the wood until it penetrates the body of the wood wasp larva, on which it lays its egg. - Three hundred and fifty of these Rhyssa larvae have been col- lected in Devon and shipped to the Cawthron Institute in New Zealand. "The sheep blow-fly, a big greenbot- tle, lays its eggs in dirty and matted wool on living sheep, and the mag: gots that hatch out eat their way into the animal's body. There is, however, a parasite which in turn lays its eggs in the blow-fly maggot and eventually kills it. Hundreds of thousands of these maggots, with their appropriate parasites, are being bred at the labora- tories, and some have already been exported in the chrysalis stage to Australia, South Africa, and the Falk- land Islands, where the blow-fly causes enormous loss of sheep life. Other recent exports include parasites 7 7 "The Scope of Cana 7 Vide London Paper Declares Many Charted--Alleged Land Mythical Islands Have 'Been Located 15,000 Miles South of Cape of Good Hope London--"A year ago the peace of the world was shattered by the news that Norway was claiming an island 15,000 miles south of the Cape of Good Hope which Great Britain maintained was hers," says the Daily Telegraph. It continues: "Last November we breathed again. With wonted mag- nanimity our Foreign Office waived all and any British claim to Bouvet Island. And now comes the news that it is not an island at all but an ice- berg. The magnanimity of the Fireign Office thus appears less than the orig- inal estimate, though shines brighter than ever. "But we take this iceberg story with every kind of suspicion, though even if it would not be unique of its kind. Many mythical islands have been put on maps. In the far Ant- arctic Sir James Ross charted one by of the woolly aphis of the pple, sent to India and Kenya Colony, and of the earwig, sent to New Zealand and Canada. Three Australian scientific men from the Commonwealth Depart- ment of Entomology are carrying out research at the laboratories under the superintendent, Dr. Thompson, who is himself a Canadian. One i8 working on the sheep maggot, or blow- fly, already mentioned; one on a para- site of the appleravaging codling- moth, and one on an insect that t- tacks a troublesome weed, Saint- John's-wort. Dr. Myers, of the Farn- ham Royal staff, has gone to the West Indies to deal with tropical parasites, and he will organize shipments of bene- ficial insects between the various is- lands and British Guiana." ee mn Canada's Mining Industry The variety of Canada's mineral de- posits, the large scale on which operas tions are conducted, and the great ex- tent of its mining lands, make it evi- dent that the Dominion is a country of great mineral possibilities, that fit is undergoing rapid development, and that it offers an attractive field for ex- ploration and development companies. its wisdom the name of "Doubtful Island" because he could not make out whether it was land or an iceberg. It turned out to be mere ice. These remote linely southern . seas provided navigators with many imaginary landfalls. "Close to Bouvet Island itself another has been reported and called by the name of 'Thompson.' "Captain Norris, in 1825, saw a second island to the northeast and a cluster of others. But nobody else can find them. Shall we believe Bouvet Island a myth or an iceberg? It cannot be. In 1808 a German oceanographic expedition landed. They reported it a volcanic cone 3,000 feet high, coming down to the sea in steep cliffs pentagonal in shape and five miles across. How can it have become an iceberg? How do these tales of the sea get told?'-- Christian Science Monitor. LONG DISTANCE PHOTO Mars only about 85,000,000 miles away when this photo was made through a very high powered tele scope. at the Yerkes Observatory. Note the alleged mountains and val- leys. --r een I do not like to get into a discus- sion about Mussolini.--Senator Claude A. Swanson of Virginia. SS Te da's Mineral Field shelter Blackbur ncould see nothing but a wall of whirling &now, and for all he knew he might have been miles away from his comrades in the huts, who'were reading and playing cards or busy with their sci- up before March 31, About ten years ago the Stonehenge circle was presented to the nation by Sir Cecil Chubb. The land surround- ing the stones, however, is still pri- vate property, and there is danger lest the fon of ightly build ings on the Plain spoil the setting. During the war the military authori- ties erected an airdrome on the Plain and rows of huts near the circle, many of which are still standing. A cafe has been erected near the stones, and it is feared lest other commercial buildings rise to mar the solitude of the unique monument. The total area under consideration 1s 1,444 acres, all of which might be called "the Stonehenge skyline." Op- tions have been obtained on the plots; two of the three have already been purchased, . and demolition of their buildings undertaken, There remains one plot of 650 acres to the north of Stonehenge. Unless this, too, is se- cured, the members of the Stonehenge. Protection Committee feel their prev- fous work will have been in vain. Co-operating in the project are repre- sentatives of the National Trust, the Wiltshire Archaeological Society and the Society of Antiquaries, acting with the approval of the Office of Works. Many theories have been advanced regarding the period and purpose of the ring of stones, situated about seven miles north of Salisbury in Wiltshire, in a bare field containing a series of prehistoric barrows of the Bronze Age. Nennius believed that they were built to commemorate the treacherous slaying of 400 nobles by thought also to be the remains of a Roman temple. Wealth bards had a legend that Stonehenge was erected by the successor of Vortigern, aided by the Magician, Merlin, who moved the huge stones from Ireland, whither they had been brought from Africa by giants. Other stories relate that Stone- henge was a temple of the Druids and a place where human sacrifices were made; that it was a temple to the sun; that it was a temple of the Bronze Age 1500-1000 B.C. Stonehenge is composed of a series of circles of large hanging stones, many of which have long since top- pled from their places, They are located within a circular "earthwork about 300 feet in diameter. The out- side circle of stones is about 100 feet in diameter, and originally contained, it is believed, thirty great monoliths, The circle within consisted of ap- proximately forty stones. The other circles, of ten and nineteen stones respectively, completed the monu- ment, ; : The circles were open at one ned, making a great horseshoe, the open part facing the sunrise at the sum- mer solstice. Salisbury Plain is' considered one- of the most important archaeological sites. Here is also Old Sarum, fort- ress of the early Britons, where Ce- dric, who founded the West Saxon Kingdom in the sixth century, estab- lished his headquarters. Alarm is widely felt lest the Plain lose any of its historical value, and contribu- tons to aid the effort to preserve its setting may be sent to the Stonehenge Protection Committee, 7 Buckingham Palace Gardens, S.W., London, -------- ou-- The Barriers of Class _ Viscount Knebworth in the Satur- day Review (London): It is an indis- putable truth that the real interests of the worker are bound up with the interests of the concern for which he works. It is equally a truth that this fact has so far been concealed from him. Any policy which tends towards lifting the curtain and enabling the | worker to see .in whai direction his terests lie must st very heart of organized class. 2 | entific work, "with the stoves -giving off a pleasant warmth." Storms of great violence are a commonplace in Anarctica. A winter temperature of 78 degrees below gero, Fahrenheit, was recorded by Dr. E. A. Wilson of Scott's last expedition. 3 ~Antarctica's winter climate is for not b it 1s the cold region on earth, but because of the combination of very low temperatures and flerce winds that blow for days-to- gether, Stefansson has pointed out that in the city of Irkutsk, Siberia, the liquid in the tube has heen known to fall to 90 degrees below zero. The population of that city ex- ceeds 50,000; it has many factories and dates from 1686. Mr. Stefansson observes that * the inhabitants prob- ably do not compfain any more about the climate than do those of London and New York." The adventurers of Antarctica have work in the open to do in the long winter, fir science must" be served. The climate is their im- placable enemy. Even Antarctica is beautiful, if cruel. Even Amundsen, who was not sentimental, had his rhapsodies. Scott, Shackleton, Maw- son in their writings constantly record the grandeur of Antarctica scenes. The first sunrise of spring is an un-* forgetable sight. Scott and some of his men climbed an iceberg on ths morning of Aug. 26 to see the sun come up. "One of the moments of our lives, and we could not restrain out joy," wrote Ponting, the photographer. "We felt very young," said Scott, "and sang and cheered." The winter passes quickly, in 3pite of its darknes sand storms, in a well organized expedition like Byrd's "The Hengest in 472. The stones have been, modern polar expedition goes forth," 'says Dr. Mawson, "with finished ap- pliances, with experts in every depart. ment--sailors, artisans, soldiers and students in medley; supremely, with 'men who seek risk and privation." Exploration goes on with sleds. Dr. Wilson of Scott's party spent many days in.studying the emperor pen- gins. The meteorologist's work is never done. The geologists, physi cists, zoologists, biologists and photo- graphers are expected to keep busy. Scott on his last expedition detailed a night watchman to observe the aurord. The cook has no idle moments. Feast days are appropriately celebrated. T. Gordon Hayes, an indefatigable stu- dent of Antartica, says that "it is prob. ably colder, and it is certainly more windy, on the continental ice of Ant. arctica than in Siberia." Dr. Mawson, describing a winter expedition, wrote: "We stumble and struggle through the stygian gloom; the merci less blast--an incubus of vengeance --sgtabs, buffets and freezes; the sting- ing drift blinds and chokes." Says 'Peking Man' Is New Primitive Type Savants Declare Chinese Hu- man Fossils Are Older Than Any Yet Dis- + covered Brain Was of Good Size Peking. -- Nearly a score of teeth, four skulls and other bones which were found last Summer at Chou Kou Tien by Dr. Davidson Black's party of investigators, furnish scientists with new and vitally im- portant contributions to the knowl edge of the history of man, according to reports read at the annual meet- ings of the Geological Society of China just held here. : trated with lantern slides, declared that subsequent investigations had confirmed the theory that the "Pek- ing Man," first - 'more primitive and o is origin than any human fossil remains | yet discovered elsewhere in the world. . Definitely human, but not of genus homo of the man of to-day, Dr. Black, whose talks were {llus-~ --4 found in 1926, was un. "of 3 rt Ge A es