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"BY AG. LOCHHEAD, DO MINION BACTERIGLOGIST. question of the sanitary qua'ity destroying bacteria and methods of [k is receiving more attention to- treating tubes and teat-cups, using ful in heiping to keep the germ con- nsumption, gens of machine drawn mik at a low facture of all dairy products; butter, figure, ; i cheose, con and powderéd milk, The method consists simply in plac- "ete, is being constantly stressed on: ing the tubes in clean, hot water and all sides. we lallowing them to remain in the vessel, With the advent of the milking ma- covered, until next milking. There chine it was assumed that certain are modifications of the method de- sources of infection to Which hand- pending Epon the Means of heating at drawn x ik is subject would be eiim- the dairyman's disposal. | in and the milk would be corres-} If steam is available the water is' pondingly better in quality. Contam-: heated to 160-170 deg. F.; in.a suitable' ination from such sources as stable |vessel (wash boiler, etc.), and the | air, and dirt falling from the coat of tubes and cups submerged. The tem- the animal may indeed be avoided if | perature is maintained for 15-20 min- the machine is handled properly in the utes using a thermometer and then stable, but in spite of this machine with the cover on, the contents are drawn mik is in a large number of | allowed to cool, leaving until next cases more highly infected than ordi- | milking, 3 nary hand-drawn milk. This is due| If no means of maintaining a steady to any fault of the grachite itself, Jom peru re ey at hand, the ok rather to the lack of knowledge on | may a on a stove to near] the part of the operator of the means | boiling, the vessel removed, the tubes '$0 be taken to keep the machine parts | and cups immersed and the whole al- sterile. lowed to stand. Most of the trouble with milk of OBSERVATION. high bacterial content which machine; wih tho heat method, there is some users have experienced is Sfaceaple to danger that the rubber parts may be the rubber parts, the contamination | injured, and lose elasticity. The rub- from which can be almost unbelievably |... used with some of the modern ma- high even when the tubes are appar-| chines, however, is greatly improved, ently clean. This is because there 8 | being able to withstand heat with com. otill a general lack of appreciation on paratively little injury, in fact, the part of users of machines of the | rakers advocate treament with live difference between a clean and a ster- | pan Where this is possible, the de machine. Removing visible dirt or sanitary results are undoubtedly ex- traces of milk so that the tubes and | euent "hut the feasibility of employ- cups "look clean" is not enough; it ising this wii be dependent wpon_the necessary to destroy the bacteria ality of rubber of the machine in which adhere to the moist inner sur- question: planted fthere is a noticeable decrease of such; 2nd carefully husbanded according to 8 W bl , yeliow or green,! --ths green too, often, unfortunateiy,| of couch grass rather than of ¢ | vigorously growing crops. The f= ] rence, here there, of exceptions to! the rule, simply demonstrates the pos- | : sibility of better things. 3 1 Losses" to farmers and to Canada,' || i, totalling many millions of dollars an- Rh - ¥ nua'ly, are represented by this riot of " : color. . Any means, however partial," y of reducing such waste, must there- fore command respect. : | Much of eastern Canada is fit only || for a forest crop. Fire and axe have exposed to the incursion of weeds,' millions of acres that can only be a menace to adjoining lands until re- stored, by governmental or municipal | action largely, to its own proper use. = To In large additiona: areas the farm. ing can only be described as very lov Lord Riddell ~--Ppressure cropping indeed. The land Who has offered a prize of $5,000 to lies in hay or pasture chiefly, and in a any British born subject, or_wo- year or two from the plow, produces man, who succeeds in beating the re herbage unmarketable as hay. Until cord of Gertrude Bdetle in swimming | brought under a more intensive agri- the English channel. * culture, or correct permanent pasture mana t, ret: 1; | will iy urna rom such farms} som from weeds is to occupy 'every In more advanced farming districts) inch with adapted crops, well 1 | re conspicuous, but readily (under cu'ti- S°und principles of tillage and plant vation) os, Ju ro ny as butter. | 8rowth. Only so can 'he possibly fore- cup, ox-eye daisy, and the hawkweeds, | tall Natures constant effort to re- In their place, according to locality, Place lost vegetation--of forest, east appear various mustards, thistles and | and west, and prairie in the vast in- others, Certain weeds are more or terior of Canada, less indicative of over-reliance on en sent grain crops, others prevail in clover- seed growing districts, fruit or truck- ing iands, etc. Perennial sow thistle' 1-8 ounces, it is necessary for a hen invades the richer soi's, especially if | (Weighing found pounds or under) to Jaco M $he Faber tubes and cups, and | * with the chemical. method there is which will otherwise multiply and in- | ye danger of being over confident as impossible to overestimate the import. |, 4 disinfecting power, and alow. A a ing ti solution to lose strength to! waco of Jollowing up she Sreiuinazy such an extent that it 8 no longer; was > ME Sma sterilizing a ae The capable Sf destroy g bacteria. * A solu- part. ; h 2 x " tion not kept up to strength can in yasiing 18 Sad ia_iuwaf ficient, is time be an actual source of contamina. | oH . a ly toil a tion, and in warm weather especially, | o 4 oa hi hus it is essential to keep it up to strength id Ya ad washing has been |}, repeated additions of the stock rh. so.ution. PRELIMINARY .CLEANING. The pails, naturally should be care- The sooner the cleaning is com- | fully cleaned and finally treated with | menced after milking the more effi- | steam or scalding water, while the cient it will be, As soon as the last machine tops and check valves should cow is milked, the teat-cups should | be kept in proper shape. be placed in 2 pail of clear cold water, | In brief, the principle underlying and with the vacuum on, the water the cleaning of -a milking minchine in- | shouldbe drawn through the unit, the | volves care 365 days a year, and a cups being lifted up and down to allow | recognition of the fact that to produce | eir as well as water to pass through. | good milk it must not only look clean The cups and tubes should next be|but be sierilived to destroy germs able treated with hot water to which is|to multiply unseen. added a dairy cleansing powder. This ected mimes { can be done with the suction on as . . | before, or by removing from the ma.| Delicious Cakes Made With | chine and cleaning in a sink or suit- Sour Milk. . able basin, using brushes to clean out SS the passages. Clean hot water should OATMEAL CAKES. bo used as a final rinsing to wash out| Cream a cupful of white sugar with | al traces of the cleaning solution and {3% cupful of butter to which 7 table-| thoroughly flush tho whole system. | spoonfuls of . sour milk have been | Where there is danger of water pet-|added. Sift together 2 cupfuls of | ting into the air passages a wooden | flour, 1 teaspoonful of salt. Stir the | plug should be put in the open end |flour mixture into the liquid, alternat- | after removal from the machine. ing with A cupfu: each of rolled oats! and grated cocoanut, When all are! well blended, add 1 ctipful of chopped | raisins and, if liked, % of a cupful of | nut-meats broken into pieces the size of a pea. Drop from a teaspoon on 'buttered tins and bake in a quick oven. OATMEAL FRUIT COOKIES. Sift together 1 cupful flour--bar'ey flour is best--1 teaspoonful each of soda, nutmeg and cloves, 3% teaspoon- ful each of salt and cinnamon, and 2 tablespoonfuls sugar. Mix in % cup- ful raisins, then combine with 1 cupful rolled oats. Mix together an egg well beaten and % cupfu! each of corn syrup, sour mi'k and melted fat. Beat the liquid into the dry mixture and drop in teaspoonfuls on a greased baking sheet, allowing plenty of room for the cookies to spread. Bake in a quick oven. CHOCOLATE FUDGE CAKE. Cream together 1% cupfuls of sugar and % cupful of butter, then beat in 1 egg until the mixture i fecting solution. For use add 1 large | smooth and add 2 squares of at Supful per pail of. clean water, making | meited over hot water. Sift together Fufel en sclution In a rge croc to, three times 1% cupfuls of flour, % he § the seat pos ube col 2- | teaspoonful of sat, and 1 teaspoonful | re . 4 s on 18 more each of soda and baking powder. Add, ---- salt woe pall re tk nr 2 Poenius af baking ok oe 2 1 ; tablespoonfuls of thick sour mik. Stir i, piace of the € 0:99" | water in prepar. | some of the liquid into the butter mix- n rock soi 4 ne | ture, t ternate the rest with the disadvantage of causing corrosion of flour until both are used. Bake in two certain metals, such as aluminum, but. layers in a moderate oven for about Jones makes of chines oe ow] I5 Rites al the sake shrinks shed we material | from the pan and is firm in the centre, for Jasntp exposed to the S Sisinfectant, ! Put together with plain white frost: in the solution hig at a use, oc in relic 2 "hoeolute or fudge joing, tiie s is cious. x being taken in immersing them that! - ir is expelled from the tubes so thet | the solution can come in contact with | Once a week the teat-cups and tubes should be taken completely apart and thoroughly brushed, using a cleaning powder in hot water, and then re- assembled when dry. STERILIZation. After the tubes and teat-cups have been cleaned as indicated they should be sterilized by either the chemical or the heat treatment. Each method has some advantages and' disadvan- tages, but if properly carried out should insure mik of excellent sani- tary quality. (a) Chemical Treatment. This in- volves the use of a hypochlorite solu- tion which can be easily prepared using chloride of lime. A stock solution is first prepared using 1 pound chlor ide of lime to 1 gallon water, mixing the powder to a paste with a little water, then adding the full amount. This shoud be kept covered in a cool place, and only the clear, greenish liquid appearing above the white de- posit used for making up the disin- poorly drained; Russian thistle the consume .48 ounce of protein, .2 ounce lighter regions; sheep sorrel those in: Pure fat, and 2.8 ounces of carbo- need of liming. Everywhere some weed hydrates, or their equivalent in fat. is ready to seize an opportunity. Man's In extremely cold weather more carbo- only hope now, of comparative free. hydrates and fat are required. © AVERY QUEER FIREMAN ---- BY DAVID KER. There are few playgrounds as good as an old English or Irish manor- | in house. So many winding stairs, so|used to climb into such dangerous many out-of-the-way od rooms, 50! pices that Lady Fitzgerald began to many secret doors and heavy curtains get frightened. And at iast, when and hidden passages! The whole piace Coco amused himself one day by eems made on purpose for hide-and-"ecarrying Johnny up to the top of the cék--rather top much so, indeed, at. highest tree in the park, and perching times. a him on a bough eighty feet from the I remember once hiding in one of ground, to the little fellow's immense oon ut ara ey ST! deight, she grew quits any snd said 0 come ' at she could not have her only son's find~notling bet B3teries Sng Stair, life risked like that, and that the mis- cases an us old chambers an ievous i ¥ moth-eaten Sri which seemed toi Shiswaus ey 8 aul be elles, | at gy on Joven 1 le bdr Sof ig ho vb ht e , , 4 5 is mother's heart melted, a; é con- Was gesting bask tu Jt inhabited part tented herse:t with chaining up Coco or " (in the yard--which, fond as he was of This was the kind of house in which : SeAnITE Your pias HOR ie red} 8 litte Johnny Fitzgerald had to ive; Ld outright yas but he thought it the finest fun in the . world. He was never tired scrambl-| For the next few days after this, ing about the carved balconies and ivy-| Johnny was as dull as a wet day in wreathed battlements, making voyages! November. His only pleasure seemed of discovery among the tai oaken ' to be going every morning to visit his presses and huge, hearse-like beds of imprisoned p:ayfelow, and carry him the upper rooms, and wandering over biscuits and lumps of sugar; while the flat roof with a wooden sword in hig | Poor Coco, on his part, woud make a hand, pretending to be Robinson Cru- dismal grimacing and chattering at soe watching for the coming of the, the sight of him, as much as to say, savages, or Saint George going out Do get me out of this scrape some- to fight the dragon. how." So things went for about a Tn fact, he would have been perfect | Week, when an-event occurred which ly happy if he could only have had a 82Vé everybody something eise to few other boys to play with him but | think about. his father, Sir James Fitzgerald, had| In the. dead of night, the whole no more children of his own, and their | house was startled by the clang of the nearest neighbors lived too far away|great alarm-bell in the highest turrets to come often. while a fierce red glare shone through But Johnny had one playmate of hig! the windows of the west wing. | own, who was always at hand, and al-} Then came shouts of "Fire! fire! i ways ready for a game with him. A' 'ramping of feet, ringing of bells,' very q playmate he was, too; as, banging of doors, cries, screams, the, you would have said if you had seen crash of faling timbers and roiling] him. His only clothing was a scarlet| stones, mingled with the long rumbl frock, so stained and ragged that it| ing roar of the flames as they rose might have served for a scarecrow. higher and higher, lighting up the; He was hardly taller than a well-| Whole country for miles round, grown boy, and a'most as broad as he, making every tree of the park stand was long, while his huge, flat head out as clearly as in a photograph. ! and shaggy black hair gave him quite Suddenly a stream of fire shot up a hobgoblin look. His arms were in the sky, broader and brighter then much longer than his legs, and the any that had gone before it, and down legs themse.ves ended in hands instead came the whoe side of the house, in of feet. In a word, Johnny's play- one great crash, just as Sir James fellow was nothing else than a big, Fitzgerald sprang out. of it, into the black, African monkey! * ! garden, dragging one of his servants However, Coco (so the ajong- with him, iis tis called), having been brought to Eng-- But, ali this while, where was little' land while still quite a baby, had long y. ; J rath' since got Hid of his famicy bebits of J LIy1. His ame ving shouted again breaking everything and biting every- body. Indeed, he was quite a civilized monkey by a 'and yey proud of his red frock, although made a sad mess of it by rolling upon-the of the servants must grass and running about among the bushes. | Wn "It was rare fun for little John Now, al} this was very good sport its way; but sometimes the two Sir James declared that he had found the boy's rcom empty when he! ve carried him ol oy-di ~espe=t-- ! eimly in hot weather, therefore; it i: ) ! to keep the sterilizing scia- | dl t | think what watch his nimble companion 'Tunning 1 y ging himself "5 0 from bough to b of the large ems --and a i the 81 3 anes of, hurt, in his arms. " F-behaved bind To make an egg a day, weighing *the silver and the cop rushed into it, and Sheught that one g 0 checkin tip of Ty same is true of } man" to place a few about six inches wide, the wide shelves. These cups, small pitchers, refrigerator more valuable. 2 Caring for the refrigerator in the summer i not difficult, but I have found that the amount of ice used and the method of cleaning the little cold- storage plant greatly influence its efficiency. ¢ Foods spoil when bacteria develop in them, and these minute organisms grow rapidly in a moist, warm, and dark place. The refrigerator is quite dark; sometimes it is moist, and if it] is not kept well filed with ice it is not as cool as it should be, A well-filled ice chamber not only keeps the food better but is also econ- omiczl of ice. If the supply is allow- ed to get low, the refrigerator becomes warmer than it should be, and when new ice is added it melts very quickly. dition throughout the refrigerator. I have covered thé cupboard, fruit closet, and pantry shelves either with vilcloth or a couple of coats of gray paint. Both of these surfaces Yepel dirt- rather than absorb it, and they I used to think that wrapping the may be cleaned quickly. September 12 -- Gifts for the Taber. natle, Exodus 36: 4 to 36: 7. Golden | Text--Monor the Lord with thy sub-! stance, and with the first-fruits of all'thine increase. --Prov. 8: 9. ANALYSIS, fib 1. THE INVITATION TO GIVE, 35:4-9. 0 II. THE CALL FOR SKILLED WORKMEN, | ©:2885€S, 85:10-19 % i | III. THE BRINGING OF THE GIFTS, 35: 20-29; 86: 5-7. LEADERS, 35:30 to 36:4. - INTRODUCTION-- They tell substance is the same in details as the priests i not without reason that they are is"the Lord's command, gifts are to be offered freely. ¥ wiling are not asked to give. are ch. a The gold Wan ose vesse.s and parts o: sanc- tuary which were nearest : Jehovah, those which were farther off importent." from viole fish found on rocks in the ean Sea, and the scarlet from cochineal insect, which is shaped EE the 'eaves a 3 the holm-oak. The ers' skins, va'ed in the Revi : " Shine §832% } 1 Fg ® and again, but theré was no answer. | hard, labor for the making of tl ornaments, and its furnishings, and garments the gift ig not less Chapters 85 to 40 sanciu are ciosely paralel to chaps. 25 to 31. Revised 'ersion ow thr natrabtions given sDrouches, were carried out in detail. rings, tent, of the priests. Such a recious in the sight than tl gift of material things be they ever so valuable. (Com- pare ch, 81:1-11.) IIL THE BRINGING OF THE arers, 86: -20-20;-86:5-7 sions and of their labor, n | were witli IV. THE CALL OF WISE AND CAPABLE picture o | eager to contribute Zberaly to a community ready and service of its God." The ro ma for king. 2 = less to: § The colors na 'were are many an and obtained, the purple in various tones,' are bestowed r- | N pounds. 1 '| continued without abatement. low, | tion, in 1926 exported "the unsalted class. Britain's Next in order come the tiizee Prairia Provinces, Alberta leading with 19, {30.000 pounds; Saskatchewan ac- g for 15046,288 pounds; and "figure being 12,663,312 Nova Scotia's production was pounds; that of British Col- 'umbia 4,210,000 0 x 3; Prince Ed- vard Island 1,583,181 pounds: and New Brunswick 1,282,027 pounds. INCREASED BUTTER PROVTCTION. | From all over the Dominion come reports of further augmented pro- duction t! year, especially in the Western Provinces, where the remark- able in the dairy in- dustry in the post-war period is berg 3 as katchewan, for instance, in the first five months of the present year pro- duced 5,082,681 pounds of butter as against 3,801,684 pounds in the same period in 1926, an incréase of 30.6 per cent. Looking back to the years be fore the war, the advance of the Do- minion in this connection has been quite outstanding. Canadian butter production in 1916 was only 88,991,453 pounds, that of a décade later showing an increment of 115 per cent. : The deveiopment of the export trade in butter has been guite as re- markable. In 1915 the Dominion ex- ported 2,724,913 pounds of butter and ten years later almost ten times this volume, _ Very largely this has been attributable to the rapid progress of the industry in Western 'Canada, which in brief time have transformed themselves from an. importing to an exporting territory. Manitoba, for in- stance, which in 3914 imported 20-car- loads of butter for domestic consump- 315 carloads. Saskatchewan Jast year sent abroad 77.4 per cent. of its total production of creamery butter amounting to nearly 16,000,000, and almost one: third of Alberta's butter production 'has been going to the United King- dom. > 'exports 648,968 'pounds worth $5,070,691¢ 24,- 501,981 pounds worth $8,715,062: and ° widening scope. of been the growing popu ar- went to<Alberta and the whilst Saskat- chewan secured the premier award in : adian ; purchases "of butter increased from Pier in s. in 1926. In the same period sales to the United States have declined from 6,894,927 bs. in 1924 to 7,427 1926. The J Canadian product on the In this connection it im 865 pounds worth $8,7:3125. audiyg feature of the export Hin few years, apart :| 1924 to 16,802,958 be. in 1925, and to n' 18,110,399 le