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New Ontario, where land is cheap and fertile; from small villages and towns to larger towns and cities. So far as census returns are available, these in- dicate a small net rural increase, said the speaker. In districts where a decline in popu- lation has actdally occurred, it does not necessarily mean either abandon- ment of land ag a result or a decline in earning power as a cause. The causes mainly are these, said Professor Reynolds: Increased use of machinery, enabling the cultivation of more 'acres per man. The results are larger farms, fewer farmers and fewer families. : The difficulty in hiring competent labor, outdoors and in, is owing to higher wages paid in industries than the farmer is able to pay. Young people particularly have been attracted to town life and occupations, do that eventually many homesteads are sold to neighbors and the size of the holdings increased, with the sys- tem of farming becoming less .inten- sive. Not only are there fewer families in such districts, but smaller families. Schools and churches and social life have consequently declined, and with these have declined the general satis- faction of country life. . Added to these is the lack of trans- portation and of market facilities in most of all the back districts, where general farming is in vogue. Population has declined in the mixed farming districts. Though this decline entails certain social disabilities, al- ready mentioned, it does not mean an economic disability to the farmers themselves. It means, rather, a lower production, less competition, and econ- sequently better returns. 'To the nation and the world, how- ever, this decline in productive power in agriculture means a distinct loss. For agriculture more than any other productive occupation creates wealth, and a decline in productive power in this class means a decline in the means of subsistence and a decline in wealth production. Hence rural de- population is less a problem for rural New Irish Parliament to Consider Transport A despatch from Dublin says: --A big plan of National reconstruction, involving the transport services and the rebuilding of Dublin's public edi- fices, has been prepared for considera- tion by the new Parliament. turns, t that the districts eurrounding large cities have become areas, places of residence for those working Such a district encourages speci ized and intensive farming (a) bo furnish local supplies of food, such as | 'milk, fruit and vegetables; (b) to sup- ply raw material for city manufactur- ers. (There is little co-ordination in this matter between farming end city manufacturing). Where climate and soil are favor- able, intensive and specialized farm- ing is on the increase with correspond- ing increase in local population. Where dairying or fruit-growing are followed extensively with mixed farm- ing the population tends to remain steady. Instances ave: Dairying, Ox- ford, Brant, Perth, Waterloo, Hastings, Haldimand; fruit-growing, Prince Ed- ward, Norfolk, Elgin. The mixed farming areas, without darge local markets to encourage | specialized "farming, have - declined | heavily in population. For instance: 'Huron, Bruce, Grey and Dufferin. There are 24) cities in Ontario, with a total population of 1,068,656. The decennial increase is 274,444, or 84.8 per cent. Only one city, Owen Sound, declined in population in the period. Of 60 villages and towns having popu- lations between 500 and 2,500, 87 have lost population to the amount of 5,959, and 28 have gained 4,786. In old Ontario the following shows the shift in the population of such municipalities: South of 43rd--Gained 9, lost 4. North of 43rd--Gained 7, lost 82 In New Ontario-- Gained 7, lost 1, Of 50 towns havinz a population of 2,600 and under 5,000, 837 have gained a population of 41,734, and 13 have lost 4,661. List of towns declining in popula- ticn--Petrolea, Arnprior, Campbell- ford, Cobalt, Copper Cliff, Gananoque, Goderich, Haileybury, Meaford, Pie- tun, Port Hope, Presc)'t, Strathroy. Of 21 towns of 5,097 and over, 18 havc gained in population by 85,624, and three have lost 1,200. The three ure--Brockville, Collingwood and Kenora. : Summary of Population Increases. Cities-274 444: 21 towns, 5,000 aad over--384,324, LO. towns, 2,500 $0.5,000--87,073. .« Ir stricts of New Ontario--48,104, Rural areas of old Ontario--18,881, Total--407,823. The population of the rural areas of old Ontario in open country and vil- ldges under 2,600 is thus seen to have increased by 18,851, Large Increase in a Germany's Floating Debt A despatch from Berlin says: -- 4,800,000,000 marks in the second ten days of July. The floating debt is now in excess of 800,000,000,000 marks, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO RENEW 1917 VICTORY ISSUE DUE IN DECEMBER _ A despatch from Ottawa seys:-- There is a strong belief that the Min- {ster of Finance will shortly announce that he might make an anno: I'in- due course, but he affirm nor deny it at the renewal of the bonds which fall due] As Victory 22% are December 1, 1922. Under ordinary circumstances, these. bonds would be met out of the proceeds of the loan which it is understood will be asked for in October, but it is said that the suggestion has beefi made to the Min- jster of Finance that the present hold- : ers of the bonds which fall due De- \ cember 1, should be allowed to take up 8 renewal for ten years at the present rate of interest, which is 5% per cent.;| but probably net free from income tax.| ally The Minister of Finance declined to make any statement, except to say pr on the stock exchange, a in line with 'Victory 84's, which more years to wun than 'ten-year renéwal bond, 1100. to- 100.10, so that it 'pear that this suggestion set the Victory 34's market Way. Taki The amount of bonds of 1922 actu- outstanding is in the neighbor- hood of one hundred and ninety-eight | millions," ° > i the nation, ' i reinh In an analysis of the 1921 census re- , Reynolds declared | ik Germany's floating debt increased by| hy il a ASTRA RNG SUNRISE. OPPOSITION TO : CANCELLATION OF DEBT Britain Must Hold France Liable Until U.S. is Ready for General Settlement. A despatch from London says:--Op- position to any plan of cancellation of the French debt to Great Britain while Great Britain is forced to pay its huge debt to America is growing in finan- cial and business quarters. The Federation of British Indus. tries, an organization representing the greatest manufacturing interests in the country, came out definitely on Thursday against cancellation of the Allied debts to Great Britain, if this country has to pay its debt to Am- erica. The Federation supports the idea of a moratorium, regarding payment, of interest on the Allied debt to Great Britain, if France, Italy. and Belgium are willing to agree to a readjustment of reparations claims, which would enable Germany, under suitable safe- guards and supervision, to set its fin- ances in order. The Federation holds that the can- cellation of the debt would only ;be justified by a general settlement and that there is nothing at present which would indicate that public opinion in America and Europe is ripe for any such scheme. The Federation says: "To cancel the debt is not only to throw away our principal bargaining weapon in any future settlement, but to run grave risk that the settlement may never be made." . There is a belief in well-informed quarters here that Premier Lloyd! of Allies on reparations, will be more ; and ' land velopment of trade between | and Buropean countries. IT'S A GREAT LIFE IF YOU DON'T WEAKEN 8h likely to suggest postponement of gpm State to obtain a :down-scaling of German reparations, than he is to propose any clean-cut debt cancellation. It is recognized that cancellation may some day be inevitable, but if any toward restoration of Germany can be accomplished by re- leving France of interest or capital it is believed that that will be Lloyd George's line of negotiation during the London conference. : A -- LUSITANIA WEALTH BELONGS TO BRITAIN Decision of U.S. Government Regarding Right to Salvage. A despatch from London says--The United States Government will not de- mand permission for an American bullion on board, the American Em- bassy has announced. t~ Although the Lusitania was sunk ten miles off shore, or outside the three-mile limit, the fact that it' was British property is regaided as en- titling British salyagers to lft it or to get the booty. > eS Owned by the Cunard Line, the War Risk Bureau, which was a Gov- ernment concern. sel to seek the Lusitania's gold hoards, and it was announced in Philadelphia that an American ghip is about to try HE Ee er To George, at the outset of the conference rights in salvaging the ship, and it is! terest payments by France and to try payments for a long term of years, | salvage vessel either to attempt ton raise the Lusitania or to obtain the ish Government and insured under the | Man wise Bar, they sttemp ter ng jail and military barracks, to de: th office, but_the townspeople is Trains Nn Carty rns, | sniping desist. i Westport, the Irregulars' headquar- , ters in the west, was hastily abandon- 'made = surprise attack Monday, the garrison fleeing to the hills. A despatch from Dublin says: -- Westport, Newport and Balaghader- een fell into the hand of the Regulars barracks. The majority of lation were strong supporters of Valera's policy,' but the thrive under such privations as t campaign necessitated is said to have completely. changed their views. Several thousand pounds damage presented in the Irish Parlianient by De Valera. ; In Claremorris, recently captured by the Nationals, General John J. Me- Manit An English firm is outfitting a ves: x "a"cw 5314c; éxtra No. 1 feed, Bde; No. 1 feed, as Manitoba barley--Nominal. All the above track, Bay ports. American corn--No. 2 yellow, 82¢; No. 38 yellow, 81c, all rail Barley--No, 8 extra, test 47 lbs. or here that the American firm] better, 60 to 6be, according to freights ¢ to safe- "and therefore public property. 0: per ton, $30 to The Washington decision that the Sood foun, $170 to $1.80. <i 1" Baled ronts,; per ton, | extra mixed, $18 to Ottaws sayai--In- will be 48 per 3 he 3 12 to $18. - « ronto, § Buckwheat--No. 5, $1.00. R; 0. 2, §bc, ' Millfeed--Del., Montreal freight, included: Bran, per ton, $28 to $32; good -- Track $19 lover, $14 to $18 : 0 . : Straw Car lots, per ton, track, To- New Ontarlo wheat, No. 2, 95c to $1, at outside de polits. Ontario No. 8 oats--N al, a ms sor pat. in_fute 98's, $6.80 .; 2nd P Takers), 30.90. Btraights, in * Manitoba flour--1st pats: | : $7.50 bet bbl; 2nd paths : 3hi; 2 Pai Ho 58 "Tt is expected that the next news from this area will be that the Na- tionals have taken and/ toward Mallow. : Cork City is still quiet with the Irregulars in complete control. Ak though they have an income of about £20,000 a week from the customs, they continue to confiscate without remun- eration many commodities, i automobiles and horses. Only oughbreds and hunters are taken, how-! ever, the intention being to supply the! The announcement that the conven- ing of the new Parliament has been panied by this official statement: { "The National forces' rapid progress in the west and Munster gives good ground for hoping that within the next fortnight organized resistance of Ir- regulars will be so broken no further postponement of Parliament will necessary." "a roosters, 17 to 20c; fowl, 20 to 22¢; ducklings, 30c; turk 30 to 86c. - loots, 34 to 8c; to 87c. Bea Oo Maple products--Syrup, per el. $2.20; per b imp. pale, $2.10; Boner. 50.80.1b tins, 14% to ibe ger Ibs S-24b. tins, 17 bo 8e pet, 4 ntarie comb hor er 4 ; 'Potatoes--New 88¢; cooked ham, 63 28 to 8lc; © ; cottage 88c; breakfast bacon, 82 to 35¢ rand bi breakfast backs, boneless, 42 to 44c. s Cured meats--Long clear bacon, $17; Hightweight rolls, in barrels, $48; heavyweight rolls, $40 ? Te, 16 ; prints, 18%c. ng, be; tubs, 16%c; pails, 16¢c; + 'Choice heavy steers, $7 to $8; but- cher steers, choice, $7 to $8; do, | $6.75 to $7; do, med., $6 to $6.50; com., $5.50 to $6; butcher . hei chaice, '$7.25 to $7.75 | to $7; do, com., $b to $6; hoice; $5.25 > do, ; canners 'cutters bulls, that the Irregulars are withdrawing hastily equipped guerilla cavalry units. : postponed until August 12, is accom- 20 to 22¢ Bid Egge--No. 1 candied, 30 to 81c; se- nad , bus, L $3.76 to 35.00 " ; $4.25; primes, special bacon, 41 to. 48¢; 16%; tubs, 17¢; " he | ; a ------