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ipment in iidon dollars, and live stock on the farm, it adds damp area of the Thest which carried the Ysmived planktend, ! increased It does not entirely fill the space, but sounded 1 In Ontario farming' aflows of considerable circulation of hast aceeies Mice Wee, tm totals over one hundred air. : another billion of valuations enormously. equipment million aj Na of capital. It is that an increasing amount of study spring rain and snow. must be given to things fundamental uchion. Land is the basis of things agricul- to largest prod 4. To carry off exeretiofis from plant 5. To give turgidity to plant cells. The amount of BE a Birwul ~the 2 e dontest and win a Cash prize, and t., Montreal, Que. non- on your crops is fairly constant. Various {in- vestigators differ slightly in figures they obtain. The average of several investigations are as- follows Amount of water required by crops. One acre 40 trees gives off appro- ximately 600 tons r in one season. One acre grass | 500 to 700 tons water. - Water given off per pound of dry matter. 2 : . Average. WHERE +i..vs vasasesserves 202 bm. [om iyi Barley oiveiirievinsaeeenes 485 lbs. valuation. have ORE, ovis vi asaiviervsors 541 Tbs. OBI .vvsvsvnsssrinsensss 202 Ths. Clover vessasnneev3id Iba. Potatoes .....e.vsoeesesees.. 428 tbs. The water in the soil rises from the permanently damp soil by clinging from particle. to particle of 'soil, ris-| ont in land, build. ing through the spaces that Canada ' when we spoke of the size of while kernel. This water which rises from we noted the soil water table or the permanently soil, is the water dollars, while stock and crops, «Water is stored up"in the soil by a value of over four hun- deep fall plowing and dred million. - Such an investment is plant matter, farge. If the Canadian farmer is bo clover, prove his success as a business man, the so! he must look to the most effective use tumn it is in shape to catch and hold a i for this very Toason maximum of autumn, winter and iin bed and rubbed his eyes. He was the addition of as second crop grass, grain stubble, etc. When il is deeply stirred in the 'au- In view of the great amount of water which is | required by growing crops it is very important that the practical farmer tural, Ontario has become one of the should give careful attention to con. most on. butsble to the forces canie origin, the south must have covered ous rocks gave rise productive arees of the Domin- Its soils are receiving more and more study, so that this produc- Kivity may be continued and increas- vents the nise ed. . Now, soil is the product of disin- face of the soil ting rock and decaying plant able soil mois matter. The various soils are attmi- : the intermittent action of avhich have led to, the preaking down of rodk. For instance, the great northern part of Ontario is largely underlaid by rock of vol- in fact, rock of the oldest formation, while that of and western half of the pro- wince is Targely formed of rock which has been ground down by the action of wind and waves and deposited by the waters of the great lake~ghat ets types, which differ in chemical com- position, size of soil kernel, color, gE os olay, limestone If sand is in this avea. to soils of js called sandy evidence the other hand Y ot 1 th t is kernel. Dr. Hall, Moved that, outs! tent of the soil, es had more if clay predominates it clay loam. The im- e size of the soil Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, said before the British Association in 1910, that he be- ide of the lime con- 4he size of the soil fring t 1% El servation of soil waters. The breaking of the soil surface by plowing, disking or harrowing, pre- of moisture to the sur- and the waste of valu- ture. Sometimes soils are too open, hence some treatment that will compact the soil and press together = its particles is desirable. This is accomplished by rolling. As a rule, Tolling of the soil should not be done, especially on clay when the soil is wet. When a fiield is rolled in most cases the rolling should be fol- lowed by a light harrowing, so as to stir the immediate surface and pre- vent the escape of moisture. (To be continued.) --ee lpr Seven years ago I started with four single comb White Leghorn pullets and 'a cockerel. At different times since then I have sent to reliable breeders for stock and eggs, getting more interested all the time. Finally 1 decided to trapmest, which to my mind is the only way. I trapnested a pen of forty, and all but four of them went over 150 'eggs each, eighteen | another 246. I shall not keep any. for breeding that do not lay at least 200 eggs. My stock is kept in a house 10 x 12 feet, made of clapboard siding, paint- ed white. The inside of the house is covered with paper and sheathed with matched pine. In one end is a win- dow 2 x 8 feet, and there are two A reached the 200 mark, one laid 269, | : walked along slowly the cave where the Three Bears and Cousin Blackberry B | 3 i his him betaute by shin'mg bri too, if the si $383 g & "1 step softly," Ground Hog, "Jest 1 waken my friends So the old Ground Hog stepped softly, peeped into the save and list- lened. Huge Father Bear was sound asleep and snoring loud Father-Bear snores that sounded Uke Ker-r, ko! j k-kerr, ko! Mother Bear was asleep {and snoring loud Middle-Sized-Bear | snores that sounded like Furr, purr! | Furs, purr! Little Bear was asleep, | too, but he was not snoring; he was i soft Little-Bear breaths Wee, The old Ground Hog emiled and his shadow away from the cave, and because he was walking {backward he stepped on a twig. The | twig broke with a loud crack, and | streightway Little Bear woke, eat up giad that he had wakened in the wjin- \| that he had néver seen "strange. weighed down with snow, icicles hung, crystal clear, outside the cave, and it with bitterly cold. Little Bear walk- ed on, fook'ng at the trees and shak- ing the snow from his feet as he step- ped. He felt es if he were in a world | before; and suddenly he was lonely, so lonely that he decided to return to the cave. As he turned he looked down for the first time, ard there saw some- thing black just behind him that mov- ed when he moved. Little Bear was go frightened that he began to rum. He looked over his shoulder saw that the black thing was running, too, and so he ran faster than ever until i} heard the friendly voice of the old Ground Hog calling: "Little Bear, that's your shadow! You silly creature, that is your shadow!" But Little Bear did not stop run- ning until he reached the entrance to his cave; then he turned round looked. Sure enough, the black was nothing but his shadow! Little Bear faughed at himself for a silly fellow, but he was so cold and ghivery that he was glad to cuddle down in his bed agaim and to think about his adventure. And as he was thinking and smiling and smiling and thinking he fell asleep, and had an- other nap that was six weeks along-- Wee, hum! Wee, hum! Wee, hum! thing | INTERNATIONAL LESSON FEBRUARY 16. -- Lessan VIL--The Ten Commandments --Exodus 20: 1-17. Golden Text, Luke 10: 27. or sacred figures, of those days, in Egypt, Canaan, Babylon, and else- where, were representations of the sun, moon and stars, statues of men and beasts and fishes. All these are forbidden to Israel. "A jealous God." The reason given for the observance of this law is that) Jehovah will have no rival in the love of His peopia, He will not share that {ove with another god. The law puts emphasis upon the just judgment of God, who has so ordained the course of human ° life that children are involved in and suf- fer the penalty of the guilt of their 1. "And God Spake." God speaks with the voices of nature (Psalms 19 and 29), and through the lips of His servants (Jerem. 15: 19). What Moses spoke and wrote, in making Israels laws, is described as spoken or writ- ten by God. See again 18: 15-16 and 81: 18, and compare Heb. 1: 1 and IT Peter 1: 21. | 2. "1 Am The Lord Thy God," In "Jehovah thy God." Compare Deut. 6: 6, and, verse by verse, the Ten | Commandments as they are repeated "in that chapter. This was the Pi ! mental fact for Israel as it. is for us. | God is the fountain head of all law and all justice. Apart from our faith in Him and obedience to Him, no law, would have permanent or binding! value. The so-called "law of hu- manity" has its supreme sanction and authority in Him. 3. The First Commandment re- ves that Israel ghall worship . "Thou shalt have, ods." Other nations, Pad, some ' 'one, some! Israel must have but! one,' s law is the forerunner, and ultimately becomes the law, of Israels monotheism, Of the same sort, n Deut. 6: 4, 5, is the com "Hear, 0 Ira; the Lord our God i8 one Lord; thou shalt love the Lond Sv 3 thy an 1 4 8 al ; mpare Exod: 23: 13; 84: 8: 19-20, and £ gr FE. i ile HH HH i ai gig ii i3 g £ £ i 5 ta | i 2 sit i i ii il i [name "in vain," that is frivolously, the original Hebrew the words are P by those who think deeply that the of | forbids false witness, and the tenth fathers, and that the rewards and benefits of goodness reach out to "thousands," flowing from the lives of those who love and keep His Commandments. Mo nd daughters of all €epartment, 4a_Jaughte aa #3 a means of identification; but fi lstter. Write | stamped and addressed envelop: dd all corre Wecdbine Ave. Toron Anxious Mother writes: "I am ter- ror-stricken because my two girls, dleven and thirteen, already talk about 'when we leave the farm'. All my people have been farmers and all .'my husband's. How can 1 make my children like farming?" We can never make anyone love anything, dear friend! If you and your husband show a genuine and enthusiastic love of farming, you have given your little girls the first best start toward following in your footsteps. Perhaps it will be best to say nothing before them indicating your feat. = This may be but a pass- ing childish idea. On the other hand, study carefully to have the children see the pleasure side as. well as the work side of farm life. © And teach them also to find the pleasure side in all work! Do you know this secret yourselves? If the farm has been in your family long, tell the little girls stories of the old days so that they may feel a vital tie between their young days and the days thet are gone. Tie them fast, too, by making them feel it (is their home and their farm. Give them each a little bank book and start them out with their own deposits. Get them into the Boys' and Girls' Agricultural Clubs. and (1ive them a calf to raise or chickens or even a oolt. And do not worry! Cultivate a happy confidence which name "only. ndente for this ne ------------ Answars . tea direct if rtment to Mra Helen Law, 23 will drive away your fears. Besides, if the little daughters should not stay with farming, they can still be useful, splendid women, can they not? Dorothiea:--If you will send a briel description of your fatm, mentioning some of the outstanding features, 1 shall try to find a suitable name. Per haps one of the following will prove to be just right: Valley Farm, Wheatland, Fertile Acres, Homestead Pride, Mount Hope, Golden Harvest Dairy Farm, Green Meadows, Running Brook, Heart's Delight, Plum Grove, Maplerow, 'Sunny Slope, Cedar Lawn, Hillandale, Fairview, Elmhurst, R. G. asks for a recipe for trying out beef tallow to use for shortening. Beef suet should be cut in small pieces and tried out like leaf lard. It is better if cooked in a double boiler with ebout a pint of water added while cooking, When all the fat ds cooked out, pour off into a crock, al- low it to cool, then pierce the fat which has hardened on top and pour off the water. Suet should be soften- ed if it is to be used for shortening by adding either some lard or a small quantity of any of the corn oils or vegetalsle oils on the market. About one-fourth pound of leaf lard to every three-fourths pound of suet is a good proportion, and one cup of oil to every three of melted suet should give very good results. SF airy TY Few farmers realize the importance of regularity in feeding and milking 'the dairy cow. They do not realize how easily disturbed the cow really is. +| It was called to my attention several years ago in this way; we were milk- ing one afternoon when a strange dog chased one of our barn cats through the stable and under some of the cows. The cow that the wmiter was milking shut off her milk the moment the dog ran through the stable. The hired man remarked that the cow he was milking was holding up her milk. How did those cows do it? They cer- tainly held up, their milk, and did not give down again for some time after the dog had gone out. When the palf is taken away from the cow she will frequently hold up her milk. In these cases it is not an act of will but an unconscious effect upon the nerv- ous system. Several years ago the wniter had a beautiful. Jersey heifer which had re- 7. The Third Commandment en- joins reverence and sincerity in using the name of . It is not swearing that is forbiddem, but taking God's) insincerely. Compare commandment jis not broken when, in a matter of seri-; ous importance, as before judge or , one takes God to witness by an' that he speaks or will speak the, truth. "Yet the ideal of speech is that enjoined by our Lord Jesus Christ, which requires that a man's simple word shall be good in every case, 4s good as, and so making un- necessary, his Oath (Matt. 5: 33-37). 8-11. The law of the Sabbath gives reminence to this feature of ancient ebrew worship over everv other form or custom of that worship. There were other holy days, but this day was to have highest importance. The reason given for its observance here is drawn from the story of the creation of the world in Gen. 1: 1-2; 8, but in Deut. 5: 14-15 it is the simple human reason "that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou." It will always be found falsely, or salm 24: 4. ne and human reasons are not out of harmony. The reference here to God's work of creation points to the Profound truth, that rest, as well as labor, is a law of God's universe. 12-17. Honor to parents, the sacred- ife and of marriage, fon 2 Be Fateh, She Savonth oi ighth Commandments. The ninth covebousness. augmented by 26%, while the value of this export business showed an in- crease of 76% owing to higher prices received for the product. The United States is a good customer for our naple produets, while England and France, when trade conditions are ad- justed, will also prove good custom- ors, as Canadian soldiers have intro- duced maple sugar into those cot iries and a taste for it has been in: augurated, . ° When i is considered that our net debt has dollars since the war, or 300%, every dollar of export trade velop is needed. - The re-adjustment of our finances and of our trade bal- ances<require the utmost utilization of our agricultural resources and the ' although 1 cently calved and was doing finely. We were so pleased with her that we took her to the village for a family THE TRAPPER. Two Good Methods of Trapping Muskrat. At the foot of slides or runs is gen- erally the best plage to take muskrat. Traps should be placed in shallow water and the bait hung about five inches above the trap. A weed or piece of brush on which is placed a fow drops of the best muskrat bait will do; it should be fastened secure- ly so that it will not float away on the current. A sheltered place is the best for setting the trap; if this can- not be found, a break of wood or stones should be made dn onder to pro- tect the trap and bait. Another method which many trap- pers have found to be very successful is to build a mound of mud and stones in shallow water, set the trap at the bottom of the mound under the w ter, and then sprinkle. a few drops selected muskrat bait on top of mound. = The mound should always i a little above the water in order the bait will remain on it. should he staked firmly in deep waber so that the muskrat will drown itself in its struggle to get away after bes by oper a billion| pi Canada can de-| fecsly Skins should be dried in a cool, shady} place, not exposed to the sun, the skin is dry enough to hold its shape it is ready to ship. cow. One day she got out of the yard and wandered into. a field of grain. Some boys set a dog onto hex and it was two days before she cama back to her milk. She was so excit- ed and nervous that somehow uncon: sqiously her musdles contracted ir such @ way that the milk would not run down, This perhaps 'can be appreciated more readily when one understands the peculiar structure of the udden Above the teat is a small milk casters holding about half a pint,-and above {hat are little canals or ducts, which divide and sub-divide, and at every division there is what is called sphinc- ter muscles. The cow has a certain control over these muscles, When anything occurs out of the ordinary she closes those muscles and shuts off her milk--not all of it but some of it. Now, when we abuse a cow, or fail to feed, or fail to milk her, or in anv way disturb her nervous condition, it does something to her which causes her to unconsciously hold up her milk or a part of it. And that is the rea- son for kindness and care and regul arity in the care and management of cows. The Highest Price} $f. RAW FURS to us, no matter what quantity. We pay the highest price, also express chargdh. Try once and you are assured of satisfaction, ABBEY FUR COMPANY $10 St. Paul W. Montreal, P.Q. Reference: Bank of Hoohelaga, st Henry. : In business for $0 years - The trap |. : MONTREAL Being manufacturers and nat buying to re: ; Always assure the fairest grading and nal ou accepl i fist issued but Ne skins separate