4 1 _ plantfood. None 'but plants having strong, "healthy roots should be transferred. - Great care should be taken to avoid in- {ug the plants in transplanting. 'The b toward the top of the roots should be well covered. : . Subsequent care consists of keep- ing the beds clean of weeds and harv- esting the seed from the plants after D . When the plants 'have, reached an age of BO Sante yeuts, the roots are yy for harvest- ng. washing and drying, the product is ready for mar- "keting. 132 Dutch sets may be grown in an: ' rich soil. The soil should be Pow early in spring, and worked into a fine mould. In sowing onions for sets, 60 jp pounds, of seed to the acre should planted-as soon as the frost is out of the ground. = For this , in preparing 'the soil it should be thor- oughly ferTilized, using as high as 1,000 pounds of a fertilizer. containing 3 to b-per cent. available ammonia, 8 to 12 per Set, Phosphris acid and all you can at the present Use the spreader on the drill, 80 as to Plant in matted rows two to three inches wide. This system in- sures small sets and large quantities of them. Pack the soil down on the seed and cover it just deep_enough to insure a quick germination. This com- pacting of the seed-bed is equally im- portant for seed onions and sets. in Reputable seedsmen usually carry ginseng seed. C. K.:--~What is the best variety of potato for family use? I am a young a three-yea; clover, followed by toes. { The fertilizer is always applied to the potato crop, which receives as a rule, from 800 to 1600 pounds of high-grade fertilizer per acre. Ria { L. 8.:--I would like to plant some soy beans with my silage corn. How is the best way to plant them, and what kind would _you plant? Are cowpeas a success in Ontario? \ Answer:--Cowpeas are not a suc- cess in Ontario. They are indigenous the southern states. Sey beans, owever, do well under mormal On- tario conditions. Best yields can be obtained by planting them in drill' rows and giving them approximately the same care as ordinary field beans, However, they can be seeded among the corn crop by scattering a bushel and a half to two bushels of seed per acre between the corn rows just be- fore the last cultivation. Thorough cultivation, not too deep, covers these seeds so that they sprout and make considerable growth, However, on ac- count of the shade from the corn plants, the beans do not form nearly as many pods as do those that are grown in rows under normal field con- ditions. The best varieties, as a re- sult of six years' tests at Ontario 'Agricultural College, are 0.A.C. No. 81, Buckshot No. 17, 261. Other good varieties are Early Yellow, Ito San, and Brown. When planting the soy beans among the corn, it would be well to scatler some fertilizer up the corn rows, say 150 to 200 pounds per acre, of fertilizer carrying 2 per cent. ammonia and approximately 10 or 12 per cent. available phosphoric acid. This available plantfood will give the beans a rapid vigorous start, and will assist the corn. ~~ January, February and March are the months that demand efficient poul try house ventilation if the stock is to be healthy and if égg production is to be kept at a Proof pf | tila frosted BEf.22 es3izli : if ble so that they can be taken out during the day if it is not storming. |'Experience indicates that the birds will not suffer from the cold if they Lare not in a draught, if they are kept working and if they are not overfed. ,Plenty of air may best be had by windows in at the top, as this | will not let in the rain or put draughts directly on the floor. There should be a wide board at each edge of the win- dow to keep the rain out; a strip of wood, sash plug or nail on this strip will hold the window at any desired angle. th upper and lower sash, 'where ere are two, should be ar- ranged in this way to get the best cir- culation. In a pen ten feet square three or four standard sashes should be so tilted, Cloth curtains are not recommended, because they soon become clogged with dirt and are then useless, Where they are provided for a good grade of cheese cloth should be kepk clean by v frequent brushing. shrill a, "Deel dee! deel" ; was a little chickadee, and it was na), Js crow became more n- before. t do you mean by bothering "m trying to sleep, so that ; my hunger ?" asked the tones. . old | will be fini '| breakfast t just in time to get end itself pro following article by J. W. Gibson, M.A., Director of Elementary Apt cultural Education: at Victoria, B.C. will be found instructive: "In 1914 the Department of Edu- cation for British Columbia adopted a policy whereby school boards wish- ing to undertake a scheme of school grounds improvement would receive financial assistance as well as free advice and a supply of ornamental trees and shrubs. For several years the Provincial Government had been supplying ornamentals for the beauti- fying of its own public grounds in various parts of the province, and for this purpose had established a large nursery in conngetion with the grounds of the Mental" Diseases Hospital at Essondglg, adjoining the Government farm. As in other places so it was found here that this horticultural work and the new and healthful interests associating with it had a most bene-| ficial effect on the men engaging in it. On thé other hand, it made possible tthe production of large quantities of valuable trees and ornamental shrubs at a very low cost. "In the fall of 1914 it was found that the supply of nursery stock on hand was more than sufficient to meet the needs of grounds in connection with provincial public buildings, and it was decided to make donations to school boards entering into an agree- ment with the Department of Educa- tion. This agreement provided for the complete planning, grading, drain- ing, surfacing, and planting of the school grounds, and was included as part of the work of the Director of Elementary Agricultural Education. In two years in the neighborhood of si school grounds have been plan- ned and most of the improvements GHoos€) Success in rearing young pigs de- pends largely on the comfort of the quarters provided for them. Expos- ure in eold weather will take dollars off their value-in spite of the best of feeding.' r. hogs are ready for market they yield more meat proportionate- ly than any other animal. They re- turn more profit than other animals because they utilize the feed more | thoroughly. One bushel of corn with- out supplement will yield 10 pounds of pork under ordinary farm condi- tions, and these 10 pounds of pork will feed more human beings than the same amount of any other meat, Hogs are shonin More workhorses are sick on Mon- day than on any other day in the week. This is good evidence that some- thing is often wrong with the ethos of feeding on Sunday. One fi of illness to which workhorses are sub™ ject oceurs so often just following the those cases where horses are 'working hard, require heavy feeding, and are A Co-operative Home. When school is in session it is a good plan to divide a certain portion of the housework among the children in such a way that the morning's work finished re schooltime, leaving the mother's day free for oth- er duties. By early rising and care- ful plan; be done in homes where there are séveral children and where too often they hurry Ahrough leaving the mother all the work, child to | in other parts of the provinde. 'lin the schools of the province with a the ration should be reduced one half, -------- Columbia, not only in the provincial schools' nursery at Essondale, put also To this end a campaign has been' started view to interesting the teachers and pupils in the flora of their own re- spective districts. Teachers conduct ing school gardens are asked to include in each garden a forestry plot or bed for the propagation of native species from seeds and cuttings. During the past year some schools have done ex- cellent work along this line. In this way it is hoped that the schools of the province will soon take on not only a much improved appearance, but also a truly national character, both as to teaching and general external set- ting. R | "We alap advocate that cities and municipalities having several schools to provide for should establish small nurseries for the supplying of suit- able trees, shrubs and perennial Tlow- ers in quantity," Such a school nursery in a city or rural municipality might be directly connected with one of the larger schools. In this way the pupils of such central school would be able to do at least part of the work and would have no small ad- 'vantage from an educational stand- point as a result of this. Already a move has been made along this line in connection with one of the] schools in Vancouver City, and also in one of the schools in the munici- pality of South Vancouver. \ "Most of the provinces in Canada have adopted the policy of supplying free to schools many of the text-| books used by the pupils. It is our intention in British Columbia also to supply in a similar manner that which | will make school life more pleasant and less. monotonous--good "play- grounds, carefully planned, well equip- ped and liberally furnished with our best Canadian trees and flowering shrubs. Our provincial schools nur- gery helps to make this possible" developed primarily to consume con- centrated' foods. The man who stays with the hogs year in and year out will prosper in the hog business. This will give him a most intelligent system on which to. build a live-stock industry. The hog will be the market for his farm produce. : He can buy concentrates required | and make necessary supplements. He ean use what skim milk and butter- milk he has on the farm and purchase tankage, meat meal, and linseed meal. Corn and skim milk are almost a com- plete ration. No matter what ration is used, hogs will do better if a lit- tle skim milk is added. , If milk is not available, buttermilk, provided it is not adulterated, may be used. given their regular feed on Sunday while 'they remain idle in the barn. Another common disorder among workhorses on Sunday and Monday is colic. In most cases it is cauged by heavy feeding while idle, but it may be caused by a cold, sloppy bran mash which is a sure trouble maker. A warm steamed bran mash fo which a liberal amount of salt has been added is, on the other hand, 'beneficial. 'When the horse is working hard, his Sunday féed should be of the same kind and quality which he receives on other days, but the grain portion of of pl or because she does not to take the trouble to teach them to do things, she overworks her- self while the children-dxift into habits of indolence A child old enough to go to school is not too young to assume a small portion of the housework. Boys who do housework, usually grow up-with Certain things 8 every day, and itisa benefit to the mind to have this re- gular occupation; it establishes order- Sainlepg snd giese executive ability. . boy might greatly dislike to wash dishes, yet he could be taught to do it cheerfully that a victory would be which would help him in many by the child | Ports ork cin fake, Loke ol Mary:--You don't have to idea of making about the give up whether England will but 2 anything sugarless breakfast marmalades? As f pectorve, why not give them a trial? the fruits supply the sugar, . To one cup of ground seeded raisins add one cup chopped apples and one cup water. Cook until thickened. A little lemon juice and grated rind gives an agreeable flavoring, Cook dried fruit, such as apricots, pears, peaches or prunes may be used in combination with the ground raisins in any propor- tion desired and three fruits may be combined--such as apricots, apples and raisins. Catsup added to the marmalades makes a simple fruit re- lish to serve with cold meat. Prune' apricot butter is a simple preserve and very wholesome. Wash one pound prunes and one-half pound apricots; soak over night; stew until very soft in same water. Rub through colander, return to saucepan and cook slowly until thick, being careful that it does not burn. Do not add sugar. Try Scotch orange marmalade, too. It's excellent. To two pints ground oranges (pulp, rind and juice) add two pounds of honey and cook to a thick marmalade. 4 Mrs. Thrifty:--Whatever wou do, Mrs. Thrifty, don't let your children waste one scrap of bread. Impress upon them that they must not throw away crusts when having lunch at school. Tell them what it means in such a simple way that they will all realize that they must help. A slice of bread measures approximately three inches by two-and-a-half and its thickness is half-an-inch. It is wasted once a day by 8,000,000 people in Canada. If all the slices wasted in one week were collected they would amount £0" 1,750 tons of good bread this is the season for making this | wasted, or seventeen shiploads wast- ed per annum by the people of Canada.' It is)a serious responsibility when you look at it in this light. Everyone should be eating more judiciously now; most people could get along very well with less than they are accustom- ed to have. Teach your children to clean their plates, to chew well, to give up sugar candy and to waste no- thing. If they feel that they are helping the soldiers they will take pride in their small sacrifices. Mrs. R. 8, A.:--Your question as to Drafting Farm Experience. These days when war has oi} turned so many well-planned and tested schedules, the ever-pressing need is experienced skill to reorganize and utilize all productive forces now remaining. In no great industry will well-tested skill be quite so scarce and indispensable as on Canadian farms next season if the production mapped out for our farms is to be realized. For never before will there have been so many inexperienced farm hands employed whose unskilled labor] can count for but little unless effici-! ently directed. From what source can experienced farm skill be expected? There is one | supply of ripe experience that is now | practically going to wasté. Nearly | Lesson VIL --Jesus Chooses +The Twelve--Mark 8. 7-35. Golden | Text, Mark 3. 14. | Verses 7, 8. Withdrew--No doubt | to some more secluded part of the lake. | A great multitude--From a wide area, north, "south, especially from Galilee where he had done such mighty works; | from Judea and Jerusalem, whose INTERNATIONAL LESSON FEBRUARY 10. Mpriestly leaders saw in him a danger- means "ro ous innovator; from far southern! Idumea, the old Edom; and from the Phognician territory of Tyre and! Sidon. | 9. A little boat should wait on him | Bein constant attendance so that he | m step into it any moment to a crush of the crowd. Lest, they should throng him Literally, fall upon en . Expressing the turbul- and exci pushing of the great mass of people. ~ 11. Unclean spirits--That is, men | Doszeséed by i of God--! em, Thou art the, ere indicating his' p more definitely than "The Holy One of God" in Mark 1. 24. 12, Charged them much--It would hardly: help his cause to have such heralds, and then, it would be inop- portune, : Into the mou t | itain~Not far from 8 us he went there to ned all night in prayer. | unto him whom he himself event of Jsdprebue: f 4% i position in this country stard in France alsg, S45 aggeration be des us anxious. 1 am now unable to avoid compulsory regulation. I fear it will have to come with long queues of peo- ple waiting in the severe weather in practically every town in England for the daily necessaries of life," There is no mistaking that message, is there, Mrs. R. S. A.? When you ask if the same will apply to Canada you 'are putting a pretty big question. tainly this country will have to speed up her production of substitutes if this is to be avoided and a heavy re- sponsibility to do, our utmost, whether on the farm or in city cultivation, rests upon all of us. The Housewife: --*"What can I do to help?" you ask. Listen to what Mr. Hanna has said: "If you are a house- wife, you can study the situation in so far as it affects your own Home. You can economize in the use of wheat, beef, bacon, sugar and fats, and use substitutes for wheat and meat. You can take & greater interest in your marketing. You can encourage the men folk to cultivate and to. do their utmost in any campaign for increased food production." And to the farmer in particular he said: "You can put all your effort into the vital work of production. The demands on you are great and you have your difficulties; make them known to business men and others in your locality so that they will feel their responsibility and joint- ly you can work for greater produc- tion. Get in touch with your Prov- incial and Dominion Departments of Agriculture. Make the best use of the information and experience of oth- ers. Plan well aheéd." Betty Brown:--If you live on the farm and want to do something real- ly useful this year why not go in for poultry-raising, gardening, or even keeping a pig? Perhaps the latter idea doesn't appeal to you much but you certainly cannot do anything more useful. Numbers of women have found poultry-raising pleasurable and profitable. And of course the man or the woman who grows potatoes and i other vegetables is doing invaluable work in this time of necessity. every hamlet, village, and town, and cities as well, have retired farmer re- sidents whose exceptional skill in many instances enabled them to retire soon after middle life and give place to younger or less successful farmers. Some who retired thus have rapidly rusted out physically and mentally, but there are thousands of retired farmers who ould furnish the most effective kind of help in directing un- trained farm laborers with benefit to themselves in the betterment of health and the satisfaction that would re- sult. There should be a systematie campaign to enlist the help of retired farmers. Le fpitemmnisn It is savings fhat Canada needs to prosecute the war. ~y i companions, and-to whom he might impart the full significance of his work and whom he might send forth to proclaim the good news and to heal the sick. 14. He appointed twelve--~The num- ber corresponding, in all probability, to the twelve tribes of Israel. They had been his followers, now they were to become his intimate associates and helpers. To preach--Their first duty was to herald the good news of the kingdom. 15. Authority to cast out demons---- This is Mark's significant miracle. Matthew adds "to heal." 16. Simon he surnamed Peter There are given four lists of the apostles in the New Testament (Matt. 10; Mark 8; Luke 6; and Acts 1). Each list begins with Peter and ends with Judas. Peter (Hebrew, Cephas) ck." It is the new name for Simon. He was anything but rock- like in his early career. 17. Boanerges--Literally, uproar," indicating their fiery, vehe- ment temperament. It was these same fiery men, James and John, who wanted to call down fire upon the Samaritan village because of its dis- courtesy to the Master (Luke 9. 84). 18. Andrew and Philip--Both Greek names. These came from Bethsaida and are mentioned by John (12. 20). "sons of | We hear no more of Philip in the first three Gospels. ~~ Barthvlomew---"Son of Tolmai." He is considered to be the "Nathanael" twice mentioned by John (Chapter 1). His full name would be Nathanael "Bartholomew, Nathanael the son of Tomai. - Thomas especially prominent in John (11. 10; 14. 5; 20. 24; and 21. 2). James the son of Alphaeus--To digtinguish, him from James the son of chiles sometimes called James the "Less, Thaddaeus--the same as Lebbaeus and Judas. The Cananaean--Th ¢ 6, 15), member of a i distin