The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

a ENS JHA Conducted by Professor Henry . Bell. The object of thi Is to place at the © eervice of Jost farm porynant advice - an acknowl. ged authority on all subjects pertaining to solls and x 1 x i A Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, in care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, To- ronto, and answers will appear in this column in the order 'In which they are received. As space ls limited , ; It Is advisable where Immediate reply is necsgea that . & stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the Hey G. Bell. question, when the answer will be mailed direct. : " Question--W. E, A.:--Have a piece be grown in a rich, friable seedbed of land I do not wish to work this sea- | well supplied with humus in that | son except to summer fallow. Can I|there may be a reasonably supply plow it about June to kill weeds, and | of moisture held in the soil. Straw- A sow it to oats or anything else good berries are not very hard on the soil. plow it sooner than June, probably | best done by getting the ground ready | try and disked about once in two or three place-where you expect to plant the|the sprouting weeds and to preserve a crop covering the ground before this|one try the mixture advised by Prof.|weeds. If manure is available that|low lege. He.advises sowing 88 lbs. per | ten to twelve tons to the acre may be| the carried more than one steer to the|the fertilizer and more pounds to the] tion acre and in 1911 was successfully used | acre applied. to maintain milk cows. If this ma-| The ground should be plowed late in The time it takes to prepare pro- terial is not pastured down too close! the fall if possible and allowed to lie duce before it is shipped from the it will form a valuable addition of | over the winter and preferably plowed' ; ment as outlined should be in good firm seed bed and to eradicate all the | pest 3 shape for next spring, if plowed | weeds possible. this fairly deeply in the fall. In the choice of varieties, the sil, table use. Question--M. C.;:--Kindly tell me| climate and market must be consider-| Well.finished broilers o1 roasters| sale but either helps or hurts the sell- how I can get rid of thistles and quack| ed. Varieties, that under certain cost J grass. conditions of soil, climate and market, | than those that are' poorly fleshed, and they are much more palatable to the Answer :--The killing of thistles and may prove profitable, may under po slog bugging ons for pasture? By not pasturing it too [A ton of strawberries is worth say| Putting the finishing touches on a close and turning it under in the fall,|$200 and only takes from the soil | product before offering it for sale will land bein good shape for next|about 85 cents worth of plantfood, yet | yields the greatest proportionate re- year? because their growing season is so | turn of any labor done on the average 1 Answer:--If you intend to summer | short, the soil must be well supplied farm. This lack of "finish" is no-| conditions' coul fallow the land, I would advise you 'bo lwfth available plantfood, This is| where so clearly seen as in our poul- 8 products as shipped to market. |in its present state. early in May, and keep it harrowed |a year ahead 'of time. Pick out the To prove that producers do not put| There is, however, no reason for let- weeks, so as to root up the young strawberries and cultivate it to a hoed | products before offering them for sale, dust mulch which will prevent the es- crop is put in with anywhere from 20 find that a large proportion of the cape of the water from the soil. If [to 40 loads of manure to the acre. poultry exposed for sale exhibit a you wish to establish a temporary pas- Absolutely clean cultivation is neces-| carelessness that no other business i ture I cannot advise you better than to sary in order to free the land of could stand. Good farmers who fol- Inferior Profues Whe Loses There: | whe y Zavitz of Ontario Agricultural Col-|ig well decayed and free of weed seeds, | conserve all the available moisture in acre of a mixture composed of 51 lbs. applied before planting the berries|except in a finished condition, seem of oats, 30 Ibs. of Early Amber sugar|and re-enforced with fron1,000 to 2,- to forget all their business principles cane and 7 lbs. of common red clover. ! 000 pounds of commercial fertilizer to when poultry is being disposed of, and Professor Zavitz says to sow this early | the acre, A good fertilizer for straw- | think only of getting rid of them in in May. The oats and the Early Am. | berries should 'analyze about 2 to 3|the quickest and easiest way possible. ber sugar cane can be drilled in percent. ammonia, 8 to 12 percent.| There are comparatively few ex- through the regular grain drill and the | phosphoric acid and 4 to 6 percent. |clusive poultry plants, and 'experience clover seed through the grass and! potash, if it can be purchased. This! in Canada, as a rule, has not been clover seeder attachment of the grain analysis is suitable for a good sandy | encouraging to that system. But | whether their product is good or bad, drill. At Guelph this mixture has|loam soil. If the ground is extra!farmers could make considerably more been found to be ready to carry cat- | thin and manure is not available a lit- | revenue from poultry if they would tle late in June. This pasture has|tle more ammonia should be used intake even ordinary care in the prepara. sumer's ca the original draw. plac to explain, ducer to see what his produce looks wag RI like just stare it i M, M.:--1, For a home wedding the thing but the best of 'condition is hard EN Sent day As she advances and reaches the place a careléssness that has left the trade Where the bridegroom. stands he steps | matter of personal taste. Some per- Address all correspondence Sou 'Woodbine Ave., Toronts: bridal party should enter the room the following manner: The clergy. . {man leads, followed by mony he turns and faces the people T al | Pe %leav, stands at his left her arm on the left arm of her father, forward and offers her his left arm. Her father steps to one side and the bridesmaid steps to the side of the care they should on their poultry | ting it remain there. The careful bride, while the best man remains be- producer should get a higher price for may visit any market and he will | his good quality products than does| ide the bridegroom. All five now a systematic crop rotation, who There is less reason every year why. soil,-who never market a bullock producers should put up itl. this state of 'affairs. By more care in production, through co-operation or direct com- munication with better markets, better prices may be received by the produc- er and more satisfaction given o/tha consumer; but the first step is for the producer to produce a higher and more INTERNAT 108. 41 LESSON < uniform quality, for all producers, > which comes out of the producer; these poor quality birds are retailed his neighbor who cares nothing about| Z2¢¢ the clergyman, who performs the After the father has giv- how his are produced or where they | °remony. are marketed. 7 | en his daughter in marriage, which he does bya simple nod of acquiescence the clergyman asks who gives her in marriage, he steps back and Lesson Vil --Jesus The True Vine-- lose on any bad produce that goes on John 15. 1-16. Golden to the market. The producer loses on this because the dealer loses on the poor quality here of John's habit of \compressin Preparation--Its Value. and he cannot pay as much for the! good, for on it he has to make good : his loss on the poor; the bad produce |D&ve omitted the. references in these farm is time well spent. No matter | has already cost for transportation humus to the soil if turned down late again early in the spring and thor- what is being sold, it should never be ih the fall. Land under such manage- oughly worked down to prepare a fine, sent from the farm until it is in the Text--John 15. 5. Verse 1. We have another instance arables by fusing the parable an he, interpretation. Matthew would |two verses to the Father and the | Son, and added the sition at the end. True vine--The adjective "true," or "real," becomes here practically possible condition. Especially is|and the producer again loses by the |"ideal"--that which alone answers to true when produce is intended for | decreased consumption. Not a pack- | all the thoughts the eye of Jesus sees less per pound to the producer|ing. age of dressed poultry is offered for|in the parabl It is quite probable that many, a chicken dinner has been changed to 2. In me-<This parable may - sibly be the starting point of the nigh: ly 'concentrated phrase "in Christ," repeated in varying forms some seventy times in Paul's letters, and quack grass requires heroic methods. changed conditions prove worthless. consumer. Though he muy have to] beef because of the way these products constituting the ve: kernel of his Plenty of muscle, horse flesh or gaso- In selecting varieties the beginner|pay from 25 to 50 per cent. more per line used through a tractor will kill| should be guided more by the advice of pound for such, as a rule the edible them, = The top of the plant serves| progressive growers in his community | portion really costs less. . ~ heaviest loser. . much the same purpose as the lungs of | than by what catalogs say. If his animals, so that if the plant is depriv-| land is early he may find profitable ed of that vital part it must soqa die. plants from the early varieties such If this principle is kept in mind both | as Crescent, Barton's Eclipse, Senator| Possibly nine-tenths of all the dress- thistles and quack grass can be killed. | Dunlap, Warfield, and Beder Wood. |€d Poultry produced has found its way No one method will work in all soils, | If his land is late he will find it! to market through what is sometimes and in all locations. If the thistles more profitable to plant some of the | called "the system," the outstanding = are cut down and not a single spear al- | later varieties such as Sample, Wil-| feature of which has been the lack of lowed to come above the surface, they | liam Belt, Commonwealth and Brandy- system. The peddler or country must soon die from lack of power to|wine~ Just as soon as the planting | Store was the first handler; there was breath: in air and ability to digest|is finished cultivation should begin, | NO encouragement to be careful, for food. Usually some form of clean The first two or three cultivations the same price was paid for ol, good ? cultivation is the best method either |should be rather deep so as to remel.|8nd bad. In some Sages the pro-| "Ty might therefore be noted that all, | or pious phrase: for the Master with a crop or by bare fallowing. The low the soil trodden down in planting, | ducer broke away from the stem thing to do is to outline a systematic | All later cultivations should be shal. | and shipped Sirect Je flea id ok plan of attack and to keep in mind at low. The land should be cultivated | Sid not prepare hig Nr oe as he gu ot all times the fact that you must keep | 24 least every ten days and after each! many, ates 1 . ix . ere oh ugh If you will 'write and get the Annual | basis, and too often the quality was Report of the Secretary for Agricul-| not good and there was absolutely no ever, if the quack grass is in sod it is | ture, Halifax, Nova Scotia, for the|grading. This system, or rather every leaf cut off. The same persistent methods apply to the killing of quack grass. How- ~+. best to plow the ground shallow dur-!year 1910, you will find therein two | lack ing the summer, say about three splendid articles on strawberry culture still means, a lower net return to the of system, in selling meant, and) ds ¥ : phasizing, y inches deep. For this it is advisable 'that go quite a good deal into detail Shipper, because of lack of uniformity, : to use a specialytype of plow with a regarding best methods of handling Poorer quality and numerous commis- Bail Fortunately such producers are be- permits the easily turning of the sod. * May Flowers. coming fewer. every year, but they Scotch bottom having a real long this crop. ; 7S gradually sloping mold board. This = The next thing to do is, witkin a week have times at fault. are exposed for sale and the producer | theology. ~~ Cleanseth--Not by F is first responsible for this and is the duct and his methods of selling, it must not be imagined that he alone is guilty. Each person who handles the product even to the consuiiier is some- Though it is possible to improve the quality delivered by the producer, it too often happens that ways settin stuff that is good when it leaves the|"in Christ" the complementary "Christ farm is spoiled before it is eaten. in me." from the producer to the consumer, are more or less to blame for the con- dition of the poultry market and every link of the chain should be strength- ened, though the wholesaler and the br producer are the two most important, | the ! 1 However, as it is the producer that we had done, Nature does something, are writing this information for, it is 'his responsibility that we are em- run- it is ing, which is in the first clause ; BE IL ; : . Clean, as e Greek, reealls The Old System of Marketing Dress- Trios roduce Who hn lame Sloanseth in, verse: 2. Re teachin ed Poultry--Its Defects. : Which Jesus has given them through- ye the producer might improve his prec | out their discipleship has achiesc Ss Jurbose for those eleven men: see ohn 18, 11. It has Jurged the branches from blight an parasites, and prepared them for more abund. ant productiveness, which is their only reason for existence: 4. And-lin Joo-dust so Paul is al- y his great formula It was no fi re of speech, was literally living his human life over again within his soul. And no- thing less will ever give real life to pry of us, Except ye abide--"There is this mysterious operty in the branches of the spiritual vine, that can cut themselves off, as Judas and grace does-more; but grace -may be rejected" (The Cambridge Bible). 5. e vine--The whole vine, in- eluding the branches, Paul has tha The 'Improved System--Its Methods! thought with another figure when he! tha and ents 3 cally 8 e church the body of Christ, Thanks to demonstrational work each C jstian being a limb or organ and to co-operation among the pro- --The verb is that of Matt. 8. 8, and quite 'possibly we should render "produce nothing," ' or ten days, go on the land with-a disc | The people talk of windy March . and thoroughly cut up'the land. You! And of the April showers. should disc this every ten days. or' And how these two aresure to bring < two weeks until fall when the quack! The welcome Maytime flowers. grass will be completely killed out. : Don't count the number of times you | But I am sure that both these months go over the land. - Keep on going, go- Are failures as to weather, ing, going until every spear of the! For every year they seem to get grass is killed out.» Most sadly mixed together. Question--J. G.:--What is the com- . : parative food value of oats cut while | There's rain in March and April wind; green and cured and fed in the winter! The snowstorms get all twisted, as hay, especially as a milk producer? | Which makes it clear that Maytime Answer: -- The following is the; | flowers 2 ; analysis of oats cut in the milk stage: | Come forth quite unassisted. Oats cut. in milk stage and fed as rn h=z in winter. Use Fertilizers Freely. been responsible to a large ex- ducers, better business methods are keeping up the figure. ng 8. This is the parable of John the Baptist (Matt. 8. 10). "A metaphori- cal description of ~ the fate which. awaits an unfaithful disciple. He is like a useless branch which is broken off and thrown away, and after it Bets withered and dry is consumed as rewood." he 7. Observe how this illuminates prayer, which is not mere gion, but a vital harmony with 'God. -~ Such (union with God in Christ will make it impossible to ask what is out of ac- and the bridegroom snd the best man ken Shp a re Why intelligent farmers will per-|the guests. 'When they have taken r which the ) : v- | their places the bridesmaid enters the wedding clothes, change sist in selling their poultry in any room, followed by the bride, who rests | costumes and dep rt ainid a the bridegroom for and best man. _ When he reaches the | maid place before which the bride and] nd| bridegroom are to stand for the cere- all have spoken to the bride a friendly confett old Displaying the presents is e sons do not care to do so, but it has come to be considered quite the thing, and it is very pleasant for the guests to see them, when they have well srranged. 3 is I perfectly good 4 : form, therefore, and is expected at most weddings. 8. The bride should: acknowledge each present herself. If : the donors are kind enough to think of you, you should be gracious enough to acknowledge them yourself. { ! God does not will, it shall be done un- to him still, in that something better will come. Compare Paul's. experi- ence, 2 Cor. 12, 9. i Bolg florified_-The tense of the Greek is a little difficult, Pro- bably it megns "has been this moment lorified," or eid The time. of ruit-bearing is seen so vividly by k the Master (compare John 4, 3 ) that 7 it is spoken of as already present. " Even in actual time, Pentecost was very near. The above iy of the tense is supported by the {. that it is used in John 18. 81, 82, when ~ also the Lord speaks of his object as (attained, And be my disciples (ma 5 : gin)---A disciple" who does. not bear | I uit is notientitled to the name, = $ 9. Hath loved . . have loved-- 'Read loved: as throughout John 17, { the Lord is speaking of his earthly life | as lying in the past. Abide ye--This implies "even so must ye love me": { his love for them must act and react. My love--"Primarily, the love which i | have shown, and, in a secondary 7 : sense, the love which I inspire. So: {with his love in verse 10" (The N: { Century Bible). i Wg 10. Note how the idea of logs mere emotion is put away: it ways and everywhere a productive power. 'To keep his commandments Soul not only proves our love for him, but I Becureg _his love for us" (The Cam- | bridge Bible). See especially Paul's description of its energies in 1 Cor, 13. 11 joy--Which was his already even before he "endured the cross" (Heb. 12. 2). They are invited to "en- ter into the joy of their Lord." The words presume that they have enough of it al y to long for more: to see a redeemed world has become a sup- . reme ambition with them. - Be 12, This takes up John 18. 84; its ~ a repetition recalls the story of John Pw in his extreme age, carried into the church and never saying anything but, "little children, love 'one another." 3 The family love of the disciples of Christ is God's new way of teaching the hitherto unattainable comman y "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy- } self": compare 2 Pet. 1. 7. 13. ' This eat verse sweetens bereavement for multitudes of. ug in the horror of this war. "In thus citing his own love as a model their imitation, he intimates t he is about to give the Cen Bible) © No'man . .'.'a man--It is safer to Tender no one J. 14. Friends--So does James (2. connect Abraham's great name "the = friend of God" 'with his doing God's command, A x ak, 15. Here again the case 'of Abra- ham comes in. = "Shall T hide from Abraham that 'which 'I am doing?" says Jehovah (Gen. 18,17). 80 here the Divine Friendship is marked by Christ's taking them into confidence. That he would no long- - er call them 'bondsmen" did not pre- vent them from claiming that title with the Will, except in the spirit '| of Jesus in ane. If a man thus blessed does ask something that alone to milk cows but supplemented' keeping the weeds down, iia with alfalfa hay and concentrates in! It is very gratifying after a sea- little the form of bran, cottonseed or oil 'son's hard work to. harvest a large at | if the oats instead of being | . alone are seeded with Canada as 1 eas. : : Ay ie deeply as possible; second, to sow good wa --A. 8. L.:--I am thinking | seeds; third, to use fertilizers: liber- | ong a few acres in strawber- ally. Using fertilizer is similar to ; market. at is the depositing money i savings bank. fertilizer, and variety of 'All the original deposit or ent 1 e best time to begin? A is returned and the liberal use of oblig, : times better in. The starting point of success is first legs livestock. ~~ They should not be fed must bé expended in 'cultivating and the writer there was hardly a tor " young pe 414 that. could » , by. meal. The chances are that better crop of flowers 'or vegetables of sup-: were there in irty crates, esults will be secured and perhaps a erior quality and' contemplate how all colors and izes. # Th arger quantity of food can be 'har-" well 'the work has paid. ~ hens that were lousy, that some | to get the soil well pulverized and as! might die before Thee uld relish on 'as it was. $f. It costs time, labor or money to go 3% 1] kd | Plough Z Spade up : garden ang to] nz 2 Zw 4 'get the best return for the labor or " = od . gE. 4 EE . io ° £ t expense it is absolutely necessary to, Fourteen whiSASE OF CRATE PED, a Ao in size apd p : Oats in ; | purchase seeds of the very best qual- oe fats ; es r MU os TOT 89 24 12 28 Lip ea ean be had from seedsmen tent for the condition in which pro-|being adopted. 'Cor in | ov ; ne 10.4 3.2 11.3 108 55.4 4.8 | with established reputations. To sow, duce arrived on the market and for the | sections are greatly improv ¢ but the ~ "Please give me a piece of your It is seen From the .above analysis cheap seeds or seeds of doubtful qual- state in which it has been exposed for | work has only- started 'and this im- bread," said the eat to the old hen that oats cut 'in the green stage make ity is to invite failure, | sale, even in gome of our larger cities. provement must become more general 'that was trying her best to eat a loaf a very good feed for all classes of | After the seeds begin to grow labor| On one of these markets visited by if to 'the 1 " ead th thing that , 50 the poor, a gas ; 'a where i - Imost as big as | jus 'she thought she co red. Sait a glory; thus James 1. 1, Phil, 1 ete, Ohi e the phrase in. prayer, cui se whose slaves are hen only ruffled p. usual, and started af he did not mind that. sy e 8 The old hen se in her mouth and but the dog cou saw that she w ive me a piece, I. : re e a piece, I will