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a $ 8 N» - 2 Clim a UAT VED ST 77 TU. SATE ATCUE Founded By Aztecs About1325,Captured By Span-| ish in 1521--A City of Contrasts -- National Museum Holds Priceless Antiques. By KATHERINE ECOGNITION of Mexico is bring- | ing renewed interest in that de-| Hghtful country as people begifi | to realize that the Republic has been unfortunate and that her] troubles are beginning to cease. There | is such charm about this country that . persons who have been there are re- goiced that a neighbor with such a historic past, such. inexhaustible re-| sources, and handsome cities is now | on hand-shaking terms with the] United States. There are many cities | "Sn Mexico that have buildings com= | parable with those of our large places | and the new is struggling with the old and gaining supremacy. Chief interest always centers around Mexico City, the home of President Obregon, the heart of Mexico and In ancient days the home of Aztec rulers. The capital is so delightful in climate, so gosmopolitan in social atmosphere, so individual in customs and sights, that it is one of the two most distinctive oities on the North American con- tinent--the 'other being Quebec, Canada. Ideal Climate Mexico City is the focal point in the Valley of Mexico. It is nearly eight thousand feet above sea level on a plateau which ensures such a summer and winter temperature that heat and cold are never extreme. The #eenery around the city is magnificent for the valley is entirely surrounded By mountains and one of the first ob- Pects to attract the eye are the two snow capped volcanoes of Popocate- and Ixtaccthuatl, "Popo" as it wenerally called is 17.540 feet ahove LOUISE SMITH the sea and 'its companion "Ix" or "The Woman in White," is about a thousand feet less. "Popo" is often ascended, but the highest point of "IxI" has never been reached. It is said that Cortez made gunpowder from the sulphur in "Popo'", but to- { day nothing more harmful than ice for ice cream and domestic purposes comes from "Popo's" sloping sides. The ancient name of Mexico City was Tenochtitlan and it covered about one-fourth of the area within the present city. The traditional story of its founding helps one to understand some of the sights and symbols on its streets. About the year 825 the Aztecs and other Indian races were told they would build a city on a site that would be indicated to them by the discovery of an eagle sitting on the stem of a prickly pear, with a serpent in his talons, Halting on the shores of a lake in the Valley of Mexico they saw this sight, and every Mexican coin now bears the engrav- ing of an eagle on a cactus. It was here Mexico City was founded and its center was the great Aztec temple-- Teocalll--where sacrifices took place and where today stands the Cathedral of the City of Mexico. Chapultepec Castle One of the first places that every one desires to see is Chapultepec Castle, the home of the ruler of Mex- ico from Aztec times to the present. It is situated on a high hill about two miles from the center of the city and attached to it Is the National Military Academy, where a system of train similar to that of West Point is cdr sing Lhe Charms AF FFL LP Lyle RTL ried on. No one k this castle was built but some cypress | trees around the hill are said to | date 'to the time of Montezuma. Additions to the castle have been | made from time to time, and It 1s now a large building with rooms, halls and galleries handsomely dec- | orated, private rooms for' the pyesi-| dent and a series of marble terraces for an approach. Leading to the castle 1s the beautl-| ful Paseo de la Reforma, laid out by Carlotta, and considered the one of] the "show drives" of the world. Tt| is nearly a block wide, three miles | long and with side paths, wide walks | and artistic benches. Occasionally, | this Champs Elysees of Mexico widens | into glorietas in whith are statues. In| one is the figure of Charles IV of | Spain in bronze, in another is the statue of Columbus, and most inter-| esting gf all, In a third glorieta is the statue of the Aztec emperor, Cuauh- | temoc, surmounting a base which dis- | plays the scene-of his tortures. On| Sunday afternoons this paseo is the| setting for a remarkable soclal | pageant in which handsomely gowned women and men on horseback take part, Busy Streets The streets are cosmopolitan and autos and carriages fly back and forth, peddlers pass with all sorts of notions, handsomely gowned women shop in stores displaying Paris garments, and attractive jewelry stores show rare stones and Mexican filigree silver work to lure the tourist. You will see all this and much more in the morning LAPIN G PHA 77% IACI CY 2 SEF FEU "An Early Winter Malady That Wipes, Out More . Than Ten Thousand Children's Lives Annu- ally in-This Country -- What is Being Done To Cut Down Its Ravages. By RENE BACHE FF an epidemic of bubonic plague were to kill 10,000 children in the | United States in one year, the peo- ple of this country would be ap- } It would excite an alarm so that the whole world quarantine against us. But whooping cough kills more that number every year, and no- thinks much about it. Last year took the lives of 10,831 children In } United States is is the whooping coygh season. ning in early October, it gains ond 'as autvmn advances. Pos~ ly the opening of schools, and the 1 nt assembling of many chil- together, is a cause. i» one of the most Infectious of 1 and is much more than is generally realized. attacked by it, n 30 The cough makes them | NOt being able to keep on their little stomachs, they soon to succumb. cause of whooping cough was ry, but now the malady 'to be attributable to a tiny aped germ which occurs In the secretions of the mouth, nose throat several days before the to "whoop." Feeding it kicks up an inflam- . a taking alternate bites of an apple, or by "trading gum." But the chief agents for spreading the mischief are fingers and things touched by them. Thus {it may be communicated through exchange of pencils or in playing baseball. In earlier days it was thought that the disease was caused by a little ulcer beneath the tongue. Often, in cases of whooping cough, such an ul- cer does make its appearance. But it is merely an incidental symptom, of po importanee, being due to rubbing the tongue over the lower teeth while coughing. So serious is this menace that health authorities are urging the adoption of ordinances requiring warning placards to be placed on houses In which there is whoopin cough. Tt is deemed most importan! that cases of the disease shall be kept isolated. Yet parents whose children are suffering from it quite commonly allow them to play with other chil- dren. and even send them to school New Discoveries The germ of whooping cough was discovered a few years ago by Pro- fessor Bordet, of Brussels. He proved it by producing the disease in mon- keys and cats, by Inoculation. Further experiments by him and by others wecretions of "the nose and mouth carry the y The more favorable the op for the transfer of sputum from ome JETIVRY NN ows exactly when | and afternoon but from one to three beware of trying to shop for store doors are closed and bolted with big iron bolts and every one goes home for the noon meal and rest. Business begins agaln in the afternoon and by evening the streets are full and you jostle against Mexicans with their families, English with canes, painters and sculptors, hacienda owners from the country, fruit vendors, middle class dudes wearing felt sombreros-- one above the other--like a Chinese pagoda--~hundreds of unique sights. If you read the store signs you will see fantastic names--Ilike La Pearla, La Esmeralda or "The Hole in the Watlt* Perhaps you will stop at a tiny corner market and buy a dozen peanuts--all she has--from an old woman who sits with head covered with a reboza under a white umbrella, or you may watch the peddler with live chickens in baskets on his back. The Cathedral The great Cathedral with its two prodigious towers and fine dome is well worth a visit. The building was begun about 1573 but is still unfin- ished. The architecture shows it was built at different periods but the ef- fect of stone and marble is pleasing and you will find a service always going on. The choirs and altars are handsomely carved, there are paint- ings by noted artists and a curiosity fn the shape of, a railing made of tumbago--a metal alloy of gold, silver and copper, and very rare. In one chapel He theremains of the Emperor Tturbide "The Tiberator.™ A > Tr or a Fz P. OPA GLE Vad POULDE, ZH 57, In the square is the Municipal Pal- ace where President Obregon's senate labor and where hangs. the famous Liberty Bell, which is rung every Sep- tember 15 to commemorate Mexico's independence from Spain. Here are the business rooms of the president, the headquarters of the army and the Hall of the Ambassadors on the walls of which hang a portrait of George Washington. \ Another day can be spent rambling through the National Library, where are doeskin manuscripts that date back to the Conquest. Under Obregon much attention has been paid to edu- cation and the library has been large- ly increased and its activities encour- aged. There are many branches, lec- tures and musical entertainments are given under its auspices and a bureau has been created to furnish cheap edi- tions of standard books to the hum- blest classes. On Sunday official clerks read aloud. The National Museum CAH LDP TL QA ATES OCAATL. LSPS SY Ary 7S THAN ROORPT EL 77Y AVG THA ZT many excellent paintings by Spanish and Mexican artists, but it is eclipsed in interest by the National Museum, where the government places all antiqties found in the Republic, Here days can be spent in wandering from room to room for there are some four hundred specimens of ancient Mexican ornaments, architecture and sculpture and as excavations are now taking place in Mexico almost daily new pieces are added. Here, is the famous Sacrificial Stone on which thousands of persons were annually sacrificed. This was excavated near the Cathe- dral. In another corner is the Cal- endar Stone--the Aztecs had eighteen months. It was unearthed near the Municipal Palace. Around it stand statues representing the Sun, the Head of the Snake, the Sad Indian. Other Toltec and Astec legacies fill the room. In another part of the Museum are such relics as the coach of Juares, and Montezuma"s shield, Just oppo- site the Cathedral is a strange place-- The Academy of Fine Arts contains HORROR c~Z%e . WHOOPING COUGH 5 CYZEZX UP Jam rectly, the better the prospect for the spread of the malady. pj Until within very recent years whooping cough has to a great extent baffled medical which is likely to prove most valu- able for quelling or limiting the spread of epidemics. Only the other person to another, directly or Indi the National Pawn Shop where for | one per cent. a month you can borrow money on about everything under the sun. It has warehouse after ware- house filled with furniture, silver, au- tomoblles, musical instruments, cloth- Ing, hundreds of different articles on | which money has been lent. - These j are kept as long as the interest ls | paid. Sales take place every little | while and many bargains can be | picked up, {| It is the markets in the early morn. | Ing that give the best idea of the life | of the people. Besides the little | corner street markets there are large | markets filled with booths in which | many kinds of fruits and vegetables | are for sale the year round. Peaches, | apples, strawberries, pineapples, ba- | nanas, mangoes, chirimoya, szapote, | granada, 'alligator pears--many fruits unknown in the United States. At the restaurants are all sorts of dishes made out of fruits.and vegetables, many highly spiced and with strange flavors. In the flower market women sit with huge baskets of sweet peas, lilies of the valley, roses and other flowers. They are brought in by boat from the gardens along La Viga Canal. If you desire to know Mex- fco City you will take a ride on this ancient canal and let the Indian boat- man push your punt slowly under low bridges and by other strange craft. Strange, fascinating Mexico City with its Chapultepec Park, which out- does the Bois de Boulogne, its Cathe- drail on the site of an Astec Temple, its Paseo de la Reforma, its fine shops, its street markets, strange street life, its very rich and its very poor. It is filled with enough sights to keep the average person entertained for months, But of course it is the unique places and people that inter. est the most 2d hare are many In this "Spanish-PaYislan-AmefMcan-Orle ental-Occidental 'capfial." --_ NJ STVLLIYG 7 YP ~ FOXY VTE SEED GATT STEAL TEELET (COURTESY 19:1. STU OFD C2.) ' TELE L/P CEA I TUES The ICU When a case of whooping cough develops, the first thing that ought to be done is to send for the doctor. Under proper treatment, the suffer- ing can be much reduced, the course of the disease shortened, and the danger of complications greatly les. sened. Incidentally, thé physician will tell the parents how to keep the malady m spreading. The peculiar "whoop" characteristic of the malady is easily explained. As soon as a paroxysm of coughing ceases, the little sufferer, exhausted of breath, endeavors to fill' its lungs again; but a nervous spasm. of the throat muscles narrows the opening through which air must pass, and a violent effort to take in alr through this small spece produces the "whoop." The paroxysms may ocour every few minutes; but If the child be kept quiet they will arrive less often. They may be provoked by excitement, by laughing, by erying, or by eating and drinking. They may eause bleeding from the nose or into the whites of the eyes. Blood may even come from the mouth and ears. Ass ruls, the first symptoms of cough appear five to ten days after infection. _-- a a i aga de PENN It an 5 or two weeks reaches the a - -- begins with | irritating cough, which after one paroxysmal able, stage, the cough coming in spasms and ending in a whoop. The disease may extend its course through a pe- riod of four to ten weeks, its decline being marked by fewer and fewer paroxysms and winding up with . casional coughs. 4 In the early stages thers is fever, and the sufferer is restless, loses weight, and is weak. The eyelids may be reddened and swollen; the face may have a puffy look. In the ab sence of complications, the chil should be kept in the open air all days and should sleep on a sleeping-porch! (In moderate weather), or in a room; with the windows wide open, : Antitoxins E The cells of the body, when the lat. ter is invaded by germs of any dis- ease, start in to manufacture a poison, deadly to germs of that particular kind. We eall #t an "antitoxin." When recovery is accomplished, the cells go on making that antitoxin for the rest of one's life, thus producing a continued immunity to the disease. Medical science has learned how to manufacture anfitoxins in the labora- tory, and they are now exténsively used for preventive inoculation against typhold, tetanus, and various other imaladies. One of them has greatly cut down the death rate from diph- theria. An effective antitoxin for' measles has recently been deveioped;' we have another for whooping cough: