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braking effect. | THE DAILY BRITISH WHIG, SATURDAY, AUGUST 31, 1918. FE tthe Automobile World MOTORISTS SHOULD PRACTICE USE OF ENGINE AS BRINE = While It Is Seldom That Both Service and Emergency Brakes Fall, and With Enaine Good Proced Few motorists recognize what an 'efficient braking system they have in the gear box, combined with the en- gine. JA thoroughly reliable braking effect may be obtained which will save the brake linings and may even save fife i case the brakes fail g A case comes 10 mind of a driver in Maine who took two ladies down a mile or more of mountain road and killed both of them and himself at the bottom, The brakes had failed, and he did not know what else to do but steer until death overtook him However, such knowledge is more general now, the only difficulty being that drivers do not know what gears to use. , Fortunately, the problem is a very simple one. If the clutch is engaged and the gears in a speed it is evident that there is a positive drive trom the engine right through to the rear wheels. © It must he equally evi- dent, if the car is running down hill and the clutch and gears are negaged, the engine being dead, that the rear wheels will drive the engine. This re quires work to be done, and the ef fect on the wheels is to slow them down. It becomes then sigiply a ques tion of choosing: the gears which will cause the rear wheels ta do the most work. Still Many Motorists It will readily be seen that this must be the low speed On the direct drive (which is the high speed inma three speed gearset) the engine re- volves once to turn the drive-shaft once, But on low gear the engine may revolve three or four times, 'de- pending on the size of the gears. the drive is reversed the engine must revolve three or four times for every revolution of the drive shaft As this gives three or four times the drag that would be given by the high gear it is evident that it should be used. This may not seem to he very hard work, but that is because we have not yet considered the reduction of gear- ing that takes place at the differential This varies with different cars, but one may as well call it four to one. That is, the drive shaft turns four times i drive the differential and ax- les onc If we reverse this the wheels turning once will drive the shaft four times If the low gear is in mesh the engine will revolve four times for every furn of the drive shaft, making sixteen revolutions of the en gine to one of thé rear wheels. If high gear were used the engine would turn over only four times. By using the low gear we get four times the If we have a -four ~eylinder engine we. have two times. [eit the braking effcet. If we have a four cylinder engine we have two strokes of the pistons for each revolution, making thirty-two. strokes of the pis- Have Had Such Experience, Therefore Preparedness Is to Be Advised--Braking ure. 8 1 rear ton to each revolution of the wheels The question arises as to whether suction or compression is used. Most people say compression, as they know how difficult it is to crank an engine OVEr COMPression, bukit isnot dif ficult to spin an engine once it is started. as the release of compression helps the fly wheel along If in doubt, try spinning an engine by hand, with the compression cocks open, and again with them closed It will he found much harder if eocks are closed. The condition suction above the pistons 1s oppe hy atmospheric pressure below pistons, faking a heavy resistance This is not only asonable but it mav be readily test- od out in practice To try out on a car choose a moderately steep hill and go down on low gear, clutch in and ignition off. Try v arying the speed with the throt tle It will be found that the car slows down when throttle is closed and speeds up when throttle is opend The practice of using the engine as a brake is advisable, especially on steep mountain roads It ensures safety, saves the brakes and cools the engine, which should be reason en ough for doing it The usual proce dure is to use the foot while 'and then to change to the emer gency brake. This relieves the brake linings, but does not cool the drums, as the two brakes, internal and exter , use the same drum. So by using the engine and gears the hrakes are relieved of much duty The engine is cooled by this process, as cold gaso- line vapor is drawn into the engir from the carburetor This i cided advantage, as the gasoline softens the carbon on cylind and pistons, and so enablés it to away more readily when the starts firing. ol sed the it brake for a walls burn enn if this is continued too long, how ever, another effect is produced which is not so desirable. All the time the engine is heing driven this way oil is being siphoned to the top of the pis ton, due to the unusually strong suc- tion. while throttled down. This ef- fect is the more pronounced if the piston rings are faulty or the cylin- ders are worn out of round While the engine is working normally the oil 'is pushed down by the force of the explosion, and so does not accu- mulate in the cylinder head. But when the engine is used as a brake the tendency toward misfiring due to oil is increased Using the engine asa brake does not merely concern the saving of the brakes, but may be of vital impor- tance in case the brakes fail. This is a rare occurrence, to be sure, hut the spray fa ne to shows many Before 1s best necessity motorin this case teep decline it gears before the wait for ng out the very time you ge - an emergency be- suggestion low a very above Then you can save second nature. whén rgency comes your car and the lives of all in it without any hesitancy, and a know- ledge of what to do will give you lar greater confidence every time you start down a stéep road, THIS IS SOMETHING > ome Owners Should Clip Out and Paste p. Beginners in motoring will be very much the same 11 some ways when automobiles have been in use a~-hun- dred years as they were when auto mobiles were novelties They will fe rget to put gas ,oline in their tanks. They will wear thems elves out crank- ing the engine--or letting the starter do it--with the ignition switch turned off "The y will burn up their engines by forgetting to put cil in the crank In short, they will do all funny-picture stunts that are source of revenue to the repair cas those such a man So it is up to the dealer to pass*out the same old wa Arnings to his custom- ers that he did in days of yore; and ta watch over their early toddling amie fatherly solicitude Remind . them that there must be gasoline in the tank, oil in the crank tase, water in the radiator, and air in the tires If the fan belt is loose or the hose connection leaky or plugged up there will be over-heating I there is loose wiring, there will be an interruption in the flow of electricity, i ble in ignition or starting If the yrage battery 1s y with distilled water, it will deteriorate and either curtail its ac- an extreme cease If galve stems and oifed, they will with tivitics or, in case, them altogether, push rods are not squeak wear Ordinary grease tomatic they will ely es i wn A are not au- crew thems her will the nuts the spring clips without assis- gear housing wear shifting floor and the 1 -hanism require Brakes must be adiusted or f follow an the first steep 1 ween the spring « car ride easier The dealer can add to this list as much as he pleases or as much as the individual peculiarities of his car may demand, but he will do the best thing himself and his owners by remembering that it is only the ex- ceptio ynal owner of his first car who earns from the experience of others cups not leaves really nn Indestructible | prescriptions for spectacles, invented by a Chicago ocu- list, are stamped upon aluminum and can be filled by opticians ih"any coun- try, . : The world's richest ruby mine, which is in Burmah, is known to have been operated for at least two centu- ries. Get so used to it that it be MOTOR CARS IN EUROPE. Latest Estimates Show Over 522,000 Passenger Vehicles. The number of motor cars in use in Turope is 522, 112, according to statis- tire recently compiled by the Fiat Press Bureau of Italy, Owine to war conditions, it has been impossible to obtain the returns from some coun- tries later than 1916, and the number accredited to Germany, 95.000, was the list for 1914. Great Britain heads the list with 171,607 for 1917. France came second with 98400 for 1916 and Italy is fourth, with 35500 for the present year up to July 1st. Generally, the returns are for pas-( senger cars only and do not comprise lorries and moter cycles. England's returns are lower for 1917 than they were for 1914. Yet England has add- ed considdyably to her number of commerce motors by reason of the war. =~ e French returns are al- ways on the under side, being based on actual taxes paid and not includ- ing taxicabs, lorries, or motor cycles. lefore the war the acthal number of privately-owned motor vehicles in France - was about 115000. Since then it is estimated that France has imported or built 80,000 war motors. The principal battlefront being in France, there are actually more mo- tor +vehicles in that country at the present moment than in any other in Eu upe. The statistics for the principal countries, with the year they repre- sent and the proportion of cars to m- habitants are Population Country Cars Year Per Car Britain 1917 268 402 684 1918 1,002 531 2,677 Great 171,607 France 98 400 1916 Germany 95,000 Italy . 15,500 Russia 27,900 1914 1916 1016 1916 1918 Austria-Hungary 19.360 Belgium Spain Holland Sweden 515 1,080 6358 626 1917 1916 343 611 1917 1914 1917 1918 1916 1913 1917 Denmark Switzerland Fortugal 1,603 730 1,419 3,399 1,800 Banning Pleasure Cars. Toronto Majl and Empire After January lst, 191%, American automobile manufacturers must not make pleasure cars This is a ruling of the War Indus tries Board that is causing considerable agitation in the motor trade, and among motoring citizens generally. The reason for the restriction is that Uncle Sam needs the material that would he em- ployed in the manufacture of pleasure cars, and also needs the motor facto- ries and the smiotor mechanics for war purposes. The restriction will prove a serious hardship to many factories shat have millions of dollars invested in plants designed especially for the manufacture of passenger cars, and which cannot readily be converted for use upon commercial vehicles or oth- ers to be used for military purposes. They will also be resented by those people who buy a new car each spring as regularly as they buy a new straw # News and Views of and for the Farmrs The Market Reports 'LIVE STOCK QUOTATIONS. Toronto. Toronto, Aug. 30.--Choice heavy steers, $14 to $15.25; do. butcher, 12.50 to $14; do, medium, $11 to 12; do. common, $9.50 to $10; ors, good to choice, $10.50 to $11; butcher gows, choice, $10 to $10.50; do. medium, $8 to 9; bulls, oie heavy, $9.60 to $10; do. good, $9.25 to $10; do, light, $7 to 8; canners and cutters, §6 to $7.- ; feeders, 900 to 1,000 1bsy $10 to $10.60; stockers,, 750 to 800 lbs, 3 to 9.50; do. med. 650 to 700 Jou. $6 to 8.50; do, light, 600 to 850 a 37. 50 to io 18. 25; grass cows, $8 a cows, $90 to $125; ia to $10; oh sheep, light, $14 to $15; calves, $14 to 17.60; hogs, fad and w watered, $19.50; do, off HI5 Mont out Aug. 30.--Cholce steers, $13; good steers, $10.50 to Non ; vg oi 0 to $10; choles he od $9.50; good y medium, $7 to $8; ) ea. $10 to $10.50; eo 9.25 to $9.50; medium, i . Lambs, $17 to $18; Siz to ii milk-fed calves, to $14; $6 to $8. e select , off cars, $20.25; to $18; stags, $15 to $16. i Hy 'mominal; No. yellow, kiln to $14; feeders, $16.50 to $17.75; ewes, choice and prime, 12.50 to $13; medium and good, $11 to $12.50; breeding, $12.50 to $18.25. Baflalo. East Buffalo, Aug. 30.--Cattle-- Receipts, 700, slow, 26¢ ta 50¢ lower, Prime steers, $17 to $17.50; shipping steers, $16.75 to $17; butchers, $11.- 75 to $16.50; yearlings, $13 to $16.- 50; heifers, $10 to $14; cows, $5 to $11.50; bulls, $6.50 to $11.50; stock- ers and feeders, $7 to $10.25; fresh cows and springers, $65 to $135, Calves----Receipts, 1,600, easier, $7 to $19.50. Hogs--Receipts, 7,200, steady to 16¢ lower. Heavy, $19.75 to $20.75; mixed and yorkers, $20.75 to $21; light yorkers, $20.25 to $20.50; pigs, $20 to $20.25; roughs, $17.26 to $17.50; stags, $12 to $15. Sheep and lambs--Receipts, 4,400. easier. Lambs, $1 Oto $17.75; year- lings, $10 to $15; wethers, $13.25 to $13.75; ewes, $6 to $13; mixed sheep, $13 to $13.75. GRAIN QUOTATIONS. Montreal. Montreal, Aug. 30.--Oats, Can- adian western, No. 2, $1.01 to $1.02; extra No. 1 feed, 98 to 99¢c. Flour, new standard spring wheat grada, $10.05 to '$11.05. Rolled oats, bags; 90 1bs., $5.20 to $5.30. Bran, $35. Shorts, $40. Mouillie, $87 to $68. Hay, No. 2, per ton, car lots, $15.50 to $16. Toronto. Aug. 30.--Manitoba wheat; No. 1 northern, $2.24%; No. 2, $2.21%; No. 3, 32.17%; No. 4, 2 art fot including tax, in store, + daaltona oats, Ra C.W., 90- American corn, No. 3 yellow, kiln Toronto, nominal. * aria wh - fos rat: wer inter, $225: No ; . 3 spring, $2.03, hh i. taide. Ki : Salling, how sop. $1.08 & lots, No. 1, $18 to $19; No. 2 mix- ed, $16 A $17 per tom; straw, ear lots, $8 to $8.60 ' Winnipeg. Winnipeg, Aug. 30.--Oats, No, 2 C.W., 90 3-8¢. Barley, No. 3 C.W,, $1.10; No. 4 CW, $1.06. Flax-- No. 1, NW.C.,, $4.27. Chicago. Chicago, Aug. 30.--Corn, No. 2 yellow, $1.73 to $1.74; No. 3 yel- fow, $1.68 to $1.70 1-2¢; No. 4 yel. low, $1.62 to $1.65. Qats--No. 2 white, 71 to 71 1-2¢; No. 3 white, 69 3-4¢c to $70 3-4¢; standard, 70- 1-2 to 71 1-2¢. Rye--No. 2, $1.69 to $1.69 1-2. Barley, $1 to $1.10. Timothy, $6 to $8.76. - Clover nomi- nal. Pork nominal. Lard, $26.77. Ribs, $24 to $25. » Minneapolis. Minneapolis, - Aug. 30.~--Cash wheat--No. 1 northern, old, $2.25 1-2. Corn--No. 3 yellow, $1.73 to $1.76. Oats--No. 3 white, 67 1-2 0, Soe Flax, $4.25 1-2 to $4.27- 31. Duluth. : Duluth, Aug. 30.--Linseed, $4.35; September, . $4.35 bid; October, §.- 22 1-2 bid; November, $4.20 bid; December, $4.17 bid. New York. New York, Aug. 30.--¥lour quiet; springs, $11.15 to $11.40; winters, $10.25 to $10.50; Kansas, $11.10 to $11. ih. rg flour dull; fair to 9.4 to 310. 50. White corn flour steady, $5.15 i gp per 100 Ibs. Barle floud oy $8.60 to $5.50 in 98-pound sacks, Hoy firm; No. 1, $1.68 to $1.70; No. 2, $1. 55 to $1.60; Ho. 3, $1.40 to $1.45. Hope dull; state, 1917. medium to choice, 43 to dite: Pacific eoast, 1917, 19- 1:2e; 1916,,13 to 15c. GENERAL TRADE. | Flour unchanged. Bran, $29.- to $9; ti y, 110 $16, 0 $9; ehoice to faney a lose § and Kitchener, 48¢ to 50c; Chatham, 42¢; Hamilton, 47¢ to 48¢c; Owen Sound, 42¢; Port Hope, 40¢; St. Tho- mas, 48¢c, and Stratford, 456¢ to 48¢ per doz. ? Chickens, Bélleville and Stratford, 25¢ to 30¢; Chatham, 45¢ to 650c; Brantford, 26¢c to -28¢c; Hamilton, 33c¢ to 35¢; Kitchener, 35¢ to 40¢; Owen Sound, 23¢ to 26¢; Port Hope, 40¢c, and St. Thomas, 33c¢ to 40c per 1b, . Wheat. Belleville, Brantford, - Chatham and Port Hope, ' $2.10; Hamilton, $2.10 to $2.12; Kitchener, $2.12 to $2.20; Owen Sound, $2.10 t0§2.15, and Stratford, $2.12 per bush, : Barley. Belleville, $1.20; Brantford and Chatham, $1.05; Kitchener, $1.10 to $1.15; Owen Sound, $1.25 to $1.30; Port Hope, $1.10; St. Thomas, 95¢ to $1, and Stratford, $1.05 to $1.15 per bush, Oats. : Belleville, 95¢ to $1: Brantford, 76¢ to 77¢; Chatham, 65c to 90c; Hamilton, 92¢ to 92%¢; Kitchener, 8§5¢ to 90¢; Owen Sound, 83¢ to 85e; Port Hope, 80¢; St. Thomas, 70¢ to 72¢, and Stratford, 83¢ per bush. Belleville, baled $14 to $15, loose) $16; Brantford, loose $10 to $12; Chatham, loose $12; Hamilton, loose $16 to $17; er. baled $15.50 to $1#p.Owen hat, and by that army, numbering teas or even hundreds of thousands' which graduates from the street car class to the motor-owning class 'each twelve months. . The latter wilf not be able to purchase second-hand cars in place of new models as freely as.m the past, for the man who has a car must either cling to it or go without until there is a fresh supply on the market. One result of the order that will be of value to users of cars is that they will he compelled to take better care of them than in the past and make whatever ears they now have last un- til the end of the war, for it is ex- tremely unlikely that the restriction will be removed as long as there ex- ists a war demand for steel. The point upon which emphasis should be laid is the proof 'this latest order of- fers of the seriousness of the Ameri- can. Government and its determina- tion to conserve every ounce of en- ergy and nece ssary, material for war £ ort, It is only fair to the United States to say that in this respect it has led all the Allies. It has no in- terest to-day but to end the war, and end it with a knockout blow. The Farm Motor Car. That farm motor car which vou see bowling wierrily along a little muddy, it is true, and bearing the plain im- press of the farm, looks to you like a pleasure vehicle, and one of the fine things #bout it is that it dees bring pleasure to a class of people who need more relaxation than they get; but it is not a pleasure car in essence, whether it be a four cylinder or a twelve. It carries more than its load of joy-riders. There may be a pig or a chicken or a peck of onion sets or a mended clevis.or a root of those old- fashioned yellow roses, or something of the sort in the back of it some- where, but that is not the best load it carries. It is coming back to the farm laden with ideas gathered from the farms along the road---ideas which, when planted on the home farm. will grow into fruits and grains and meats. There is a strawberry natch or a soiling crop or a new rot ation or a plan for breeding up the farm herd or a programme for a neighborhood meeting for selling Libérty Bonds or afiy one of a thousand things in that car. Deseronto Club Holds Outing. The Deseronto Motor League, on July 24th, held its first "Drive and Picnic" since the formation of the league in November, 1917, Thirtv- one cars, carrying 176 members and their friends, left Deseronto at 2.15 p.m. for Varty Lake, going via "Nii panee and Yarker. The route c hosen'| carried one through the Valley of the Napanee River and landed them at Varty Lake, after a splendid drive of twenty-three and a half miles, The water in the lake is beauti- fully clear and the children, with with many grown-ups, were soan in bathing. Thé one boat available at the grove was well patronized. After tea, races and games were en- joyed and entered into by old and young alike; the winners receiving prizes, A most enjoyable afternoon and evening was thus spent and all expressed themselves as being de- lighted with the dpot chosen. On the return trip, many of the cars chose different routes and all ar- rived home safely about 10 p.m, well satisfied with the first social of the Teague, and With the hope that jt will not be the last. The inventor of a pulley with de- pressions in its surface contends that belts will not slip when it is used. Haddock, fresh, Halibut, fresh, Herring, fresh, Kippers, dow... Mackerel, 1b, .. Perch, Ib. ... <u. Pike, 1b. . Rock-fish, Ib... Salmon, > i Smits, Ara Tilefish, . os Trout, salmon, ib,' White fish, Ib... . (fresh) 1b, 1b. Ib. . Meats. Beef: Porterhouse Steak. Sirloin Steak, Ib. Round Steak, 1b.. Rump Roast, 1b, . Rib Roasts, 1b. .. Shoulder Roasts, 1b Boiling Cuts, 1b, . West'n carcase cwt ve West'n Fronts cwt 15, West'n Hinds cwt. 22. Local carcase cwt, 16, Local Fronts cwt. Local Hinds, cwt.. Pork: Loin Roasts, 1b, .. Leg Roasts, 1b ,.. Chops, Ib, Hogs, live cwt. Hogs, dressed, cwt Lamb, fronts .. .. Lamb, loins .. .. Lamb, legs .... .. Matton, 1b, .. .. Veal, 1b. ' 35 40 19.00 30 40 30 20 nmr Poultry. Chickens, ressed, Choke. jive, 1b. . Hens, dressed, 1b, . Hens, live, 1b, .... Turkeys, 1b. .. .. ------ Vi atria Carrots, bunc 1 ey 90 Overland car. time. fort and efficiency. "and later. » Appearance, Arthur W. H. 214 Wel Willys-Kni A AA Ii - Consider oil these three rea- sons why it is wisdom to get a Model TH LL {Ui i Five points of Overland superiority Performance, Comfort, Service and Price Overland Sales Rooms, Callaghan, lington St. Willys-Overland, Limited t and Overland Motor Cars and Commerc ial Wagons flaaegr® Hl SE You need this modern method that enables you to do more work in less Its price is unusually low consider- iil its quality, its room, beauty, com- Buick of it is a real Canadisp institu- tion fortunately prepared to care for all service and parts requirements now: Dist, } Head Office anid Works, West Torente, Ontario x = po ld THE ,.... WONDERFUL The operate the THE HYLO SILO 30 40 20 50 60 50 15 Peaches, doz. Pears, doz. .. Plums, doz. Prunes, 1b. Grain, 1.90 39.00 1.90 5.50 2.00 40.00 2.00 6.00 Barley, bush. Bran, ton .. . .. Buckwheat, bush.. Cornmeal, cwt. Corn, Yellow feed bush. .. Flour, Govt, dard, cwt. Hay, baled, ton Hay, loose, ton .. Oats, Man., bush.. Oats, local, bush, . Shorts, ton .. . Straw, baled, ton Straw, loose, ton. Wheat, local, bush, 1.99 2.00 5.8 1%.0( 13.00 1.00 90 43.00 10.00 " stan- 65.90 18.00 15.00 1.10 1.056 45.00 11.00 8.00 2.25 2.40 Hides, Furs, Hides, beef, Ib. .. Lamb skins, fresh PLO oi wii Veal Skins, 1b. Deacon skins, No. 1 Horse hides, No. 1 large .. . Tallow Cakes 'h Wool, wash, Ib. Wool, unwashed, Cems, "wild dry per ib. .. ve Beeswax, 1b, up' "To ry Shearlings, up to. 76 Kips, Sd .ie me, 15 16 1.25 2 ~ 38 1.50 6.00 86 60 MEAT PRICES DROP. A Distinctly Low yw Level Was Touched at Quebec City. Quebec, Aug. 30.--The price of meat, as indicated by the marke! dropped yesterday to what was local- Iy a distinctly tow level. There was an abundance of meats of all kinds offering, and the sales were heavy, due partly to the fact that to-morrow the exhibition opens and there are thous- ands here to attend the function. A The hest of beef on the hoof brought between 10 and 11 cents per pound, second quality Brought 8 and 9 cents, and third quality 6 and 7 cents. There was an abundance of -- on the Juatieet a 10 and 11 cents, spring, \variety. a 16 cenis. Dress THE GILSON ENGINE oes Lile Sty" ALL SIZES AND STYLES GILSON SILO FILLER lightest running blower cutter made. A 4 H.P. Engine will small size successfully. THE MONBY MAKER THE MORTGAGE LIFTER Ratirely different and infinitely superior, uz. THE GILSON STANDARDIZED TRAGTOR GILSON Products are Dominam fn-Quality and MADE IN CANADA ses Leslie Woods, Joyceville, Agent.or write Gilson Mfg. Coz Limite, Guelph, Cuiada| Servier | Des of Fal Fis, 1918 | Belleville Bowmanville Brighton ... Centreville . Cobden ... Cobourg Colborne Cornwall Delta ... Frankville .., Inverary Kingston ... Lanark ... . Lansdowne . Madoe ... Marmora Merrickyville Millbrook Morrisburg . .. Spencerville . . sold. for between ct. Choice butter cents, whilst fresh eagt Issued by th Branch of the Agriculture, Toronto, fA superintendent, Alexandria ... «+. Arnprior ... «+. . ; Bancroft i.. ... ees sve vas Renfrew is iis Demorestville AR Sais Frankford .. ... ves Harrowsmith .. 2 Kemptville a . i eo Agricuptural Societies Ontario Department of Lockie Wilson, . Sept. is-i7 Hep 28 . Sep R5-10 ie Seon 19.20 » Sept: Bn 1Y "oh 5-6 24.27 12-18 . Sept. 13-4 . Hept. 18-2 t. 7 McDonakl's C orners , . Stwortington Fair "nverary) Aas ves ay