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RRR Pigeon ¢ granted fn 1599, and euriously cnungh among the recipients was the present president of the college. which vary in length from a fortnight to three months, in the vanous de partments, there are two long courses ~one lasting two vears and the other four, The two yenr course, which 'in cludes animal husbandry, horticulture, agronomy and many other subjects, leads to an assogiate diploma, aad 1 designed to meet the reéjuirements of those who intend tire as a moans four venrs cours the degree f bachelor of the of agricul and allows of specialization . in biglogy, bacteri v, dairying amd agriciilfure. Many who take the long course re to the farm, some few, however, bi come teachers, investigators and as tants in agriculture az well eidtural editors and journalists. addition to its { Y tiv ty the ¢ollege bas given a great - sud needed impe )» Agric re | PRINICIPAL = C. HARRISON. and needed impetus to agriculture in Macdonald Collage, general; an impetus the magnitude of which can be estimated by the Ia Up to the middle of wr of bulletins issued by the in- the now very apparent fact that an The now well-known farm order. to achieve success in agricul ingtitintes, . women's institutes, ture one must fiest of all obtain a cer- and poultry associations, near- tam amount of technical knowlods ly seemed to have been entirely nest [5 to take up agricul livelihood. The leads to scier re, nistry, physics, turn as ag edaentional ae- last contury, | nimi Lit:on, nil owe their existence to the (mn Agricultural College; while the tard; ta GIRLS' BUILDING, MACDONALD COLLEGE. od. The result. was that in 1874 al- | Entomelogieal Society and the though there were in existence a num- | and Vegetable Growers' Ass ber of schools for igstruction in law, {are deejily indebted to the Sheclaltyy snglucerin and othor arts | source; and sciences, yet wha was not 8 8in- | rhe pesalt of 'the formation of (hese gle institution at which a voung man | oopien Has been astonishing, for in i even the rudiments of ciontific - a; stead of vogirding the college as some: "Bet Syrintltyre. { 1850, however thing quite 'without thivir sphere of in- thoughtful persons heginto renlizo the state of tovest, 'Ontario fariners: have come to affairs; with the re Ahat be proud of their local institution. in addition. to the| Up to 1904 the Guelph College, ication of several text-books | it is familiarly called, was Bustier ture a committee of Ontarip [entirely to the education of men; but farmors wis appointed to select the | in that year, a women's department site for an agricultural college. In 1874 the Ontario Agricultural was established. The functions same risbrictod was inaugurated. The courses in th branch of the college have been design- od to give, by means of many lessons 38 - MANITOBA COLLEGE OF AGRICELTURE. of the institidion were stated to be | and as much individual practice work, twolold; in the first' place it was to [a good foundation in the different te young men in the science of [branches of ordinary household work; 3 a and setondly, it was to [such as cookery, sewing and laundry; carey oUt thy experiments in the inter- { and above all; an endeavor is made te outs of agricolture, and publish ac. [awaken an interest in the wider ques- : i - tit ae he ski f € § Witua on the outskirts of | lings and real homes, : ph, amidst ple t scenery and For twenty Vears there was only one procursor , agricultural college iw the whole of Canada, but in 1803 the province of Nova Scotia established one near Truro, Short courses ave offered in horticulture and lve stock, special eare being given to fruit culture, in has | View of the local interest in fruit and | farming. Through the hivad-minded "we. policy of thé local government. any were 1 student who has completed two years' "its usefulness was Lhe foolish wrany: of political In addition to several short courses, | obtalned. The { tion of sound bodies, wholesome dwel- | studies at- Trero may travel to Mac donald College or the Ontario Agri culloral College at its expense, complete thelr course, and obtain degree in agriculture, In 1902 the provincial legislature of Manitoba appointed a commission enquire as to the advisability of es- tablishing an institution where voung farthers might. siody culture, and recive such an edueaticn as would fit them to perform the highest functions of witizenship. The commission found the necessity foran agricaltural collige to be great, and the desire of the agricultural classes for its establishment undonbted--and in 1903 an act was passed calling for its establishment. The site selected was close to Winnipeg, on the south bank of Assiniboine river, and here a [number of buildings were erected, and 10 a to + seience of agri- | THE PAILY. BRITISH WHIG, SATURDAY, JU jtions have been founded one in the Lprovinee of Alberts and one In that of | Saskatchewan, Both of these are de partments of the new provincial uni- versities, antl ax yet are ooly in the istage of construction. Thus wo see that whereas thirty-six years agd there was not a single in- stitution in Canada offering a course iti, they science of agricalture, to-day | there are six, but when we consider | that the population of the dominion { amounts to nearly seven millions of { people, and farther, when we bear in { tind that in spité of the fact that {Canada is wealthy in mineral pro j ducts and may rise to great heights in {the world of business and commercd f yet for some time agriculiutve bound to be the basis and foundatioy of her prosperity. When We remember this, we shall begin to realize that i the college was formally opened in 1906, by the lieutenani-governor the province, The given are si ar those at Guelph, great emphasis be placed on the two year course, as is framed for voung men who enn: ly desire to improve their knowledge of agriculture, and intend to be direct- ty identified "with farming at the con- clusion of their Some of the peculiar requirements of the west ern provinces are catered lor, as evi ; by the provision of short courses in steam and gasoline engi neering for threshermen and farmers. In 1907, Sir William Macdonald, who has always shown the deepest interest in everything that the prosperity of Canadian agriculture established n magnificent college at Ste; Aune de Bellevue, 20 miles west of Montreal, on the banks of the Ot- tawa river. This institution Jiffers from those already established in that 't is composod of three schools: ome or the teachin of agriculture, anoth- er for instruction in domestic science, of il courses LOuUrse. denced ing ; no tends to increase | MAIN BUILDING MACDONALD AGRICULTURE COLLEGE, (pratt there 84 till winch work to be done by the ipresent colleges and as much | by colleges to come. to | LA TUQUE, {It is Said to Have Wonderful Water Power. The railroad towns of rapid: growtl {are not in the west alone, la on the Crand Trunk Pacific railway 1127 miles from Quebec, is a wonderfu rexample of this. Two years ago there was not a house there, To-day, ther {is a handsome well laid out, well built {town with two churches, a school, & thank, a. sulphite pulp mill, two mills, "®ome Very fine stores and a resi {dent population of about 2,000. Th {Quebec bank opened a branch there ¢ {fow weeks ago, andiin a very fow day: {had 360,000 on deposit. La Tuque is a divisional' peint on the Grand Trunk Pacific railway and will have the shop: {for that division. It also the ter minus of the me branch of the Lake 8t. John division of the Canadian Luque saw is nal and a third for the training of public school teachers. The benefits accruing from the combination of the schopls of domestic scence and agri culture are chvious and the idea of the additibn of 3 schoal for teachers is that, as many temchers will be required by tha rural schools, an early sym pathy for agrieulture is useful, and will enable them to' bring the nesded stimulation of technical: knowledge to the farmers' children, who will thus he attracted to rural occupations. Alter spending a sum of five mil hon dollars on the buildings, equi; ment, and endowment of Macdonald College, Sir Willinm pressited the in- stitutien to Metidl University, of which it now forms an important part. Some of the advantages which Ma donald College hopes, to assist in pro { viding for Cantida are, an intrease of | productiveness, with improvement of products in the field avd, in the in VIEW OF AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE BUILDINGS, TRURO, N.S. Northern © railway, and the head of navigation of the River St. Maurice, which 13 navigable for steamers fo seventy miles from La Tague south ward to Urand Piles. But the principal advantage of Le Taque is ils water power. The River Sf, Maurice, at this point, a magni fiemnt Ctream half a mile wide, falls ninoty feet, making available for in dustries no less 'tan ninety thousand horse-power; This is only partially de veloped, bat already the Messrs, Brown of Berlin, N.H., the owners of the pow jer, have built one of the largest sul phite pulp mills in America, and in a | few days will Le producing sixty toms 1 of sulphite pulp daily and a paper mill fwitt follow in near future, Th Ftwo industries will use only a very small portion of the power, so that there will, no doubt, be many otha tveirige. established, which will make of ' La Tuque a flourishing industrial the BOYS RESIDENCE, AGRICU dustries of the farm and town, great er comfort and enjoyment in the home, a hatter tactht school for the children aod » ties of life . The courses offered are of neon wity very similar to those of the insiitg- tions ikea nentioned. Shoes courg os ars ¢ in live stock, vovent a horticulture and poulicy Dring; while longer ones embra ing such sithjeets as daarying, animal ius banded, ponitry {acming and hyerionl- tare lead in two years to an ass wiste nobler sense of the responebili- LTUVRAL COLEEGE, GUELPH. town. A large four mill is spoken of, to grind up the wheat to be brought from Mamtoba and Alberts by the Grand Trunk Pacific, and as the level grades (four tenths) of that roud will carry grain at ates with which the canal navieation cannot compete, this whould he an ident spot for stich an inddnetry oh o Tarps wa Wi ales in close proximity to ocean «tcam- rs at Quote" we fs evidently destined 16 be one of the most im portant manufacturing towns in north- % soil just as much for th: NE 25, 1916. Gins Fer Farmers " 4 BY UNCLE JOSH. Decaying organic matter in the coil is one of the most important insred:. ents. The) natural method of improv. ing soil is to increase the amount of humus in it. The farmer's method for wearing out soil ds to lessen amount of humus in it. helps Je favour lo add humus to it as it does for nature to add it. The farmer can add haw: to the soil just as well as nature, and, as is always the ease, ha 2an heat na tue when he ties. Stahiec manure orakes good Auwve--Hetter than that supplied by nature. Ur ganic matter bears aocal *' ¢ same imgcriant relation to the pri< power of soils that the keystone does to the strength of the arch. The Ley stoneis always out in-the arch. The amount of sand and ela; n oil may remain fairly permancnt, bat not 86 with the organic matter. Farm rs that improve adel orizani natter to them, I an adequate supply humus is to be kept in cultibate i and the farmer must regularly add wganic matter as that in the soil con tantly diminishes. VYhe use of stable manure and lowing under of erops or parts of rops are the farm methods of addin: humus to cultivated jands, While an. ganic matter is rod, some js better han others. Stale manure and restor ative or clover crops are the very bast types of organic matter ior the fa t to plow into his soil. Home and Farm Ruptured Pigs. Male pigs valumble for breeding pur are frequently ruptured | crowding or pushin? through (he fence. When the scrotum has Deen crowded full of intestinds the case is a very hard one to treat, but a cure may ee made ff the breeder has sufficient patience to carry the undertak wg through. the boar is thrown oh his side, the intestines carefully pushed back inte the abdomen and clamps fastened on between the body and the testicles These are scfewed tight and allowed to remain that way until the testicles ough off. Although such an pwn tion makes it necessary to cmasculate the boar, he would be of no use as a breeder in such a ruptured condition, ind he is still valuable ag afeeder. It is sometimes necessary to use few stitches in such - operations, it in soils i" poses a but are more satisfactory. | wearing he clamps should be ke them- selves to prevent others from injuring them. --Farm Progress. 15 Dehorning Cattle, An lowa farmer writivk in the Homestead regarding the dehornipg of vows says: | never have any cattle with horns. I raise all the natural amillevs I can, aud if any of them have wens they are sure to Jose them in Yovewber or the last of March befo.e they are one year old. They should wo dehorned when the weather is wd the flies are dormant. 1 have, however, dehorned a good many cows and what fst gave we nerve to Lorn a Dig cow was because she rou x! a two-year-old heif xr. She nad when | commenced to saw (1 al vays the saw), andl when 1 Lit brougl sith her she started to goucs he hel'er again, but never touched hor. ad she was (a+ 'of ng on a non at least six inches long. Before night wound the yard. In dehorning he two year-old could drive her waitle are vear old it Gothers them for a few days, but makes their atire after life more agreeable. 1 four else, cool was Lise before one use For the Gardener. One vine that grows quickly i the moon vine, botanieally known as ipo moea mexicana grandiflora, The flowers are four or across and open early in the and. remain open until the sun shines upon them. They are most fra rrant ft is interesting to "watch the somg open, HH at the right time turn your back upon tham closed, when vou turn again to face them they will be open. Literally they open as quickly as onc could ope an ume brella. The three things necessary to thom grow are sunshine, lots of tilizer and lotg of water. Plant vine, which may be a cutting, in slight depression, so the water may souk in, and ohee or twice in two or three weeks give a liberal dressing of fresh cow manure or pulverized sheep manure for the water to carry down. ft is not unusual for a vineto prow a foot a day. me inches evening blow you m: a fer the nt Lumpy Jaw of Cattle. The disease is not spread from one cow to another, but is due to the nfective fungus (actinomyecsh on grace, cereals, ote. says the Rural Now Yeor- ker. The discased parts should be distected out when Joose from thesbone and the wound well cauterized by the operator, H the bone is involved, better sell to the dealer in "canned" cows. The disease doks not affect the milk nor the meat, so long as the animal is wm good flesh and not run down from an aggravated state of the disease. I'wint the lumps ones duily with tincture of iodine until they soften and can WE freely opened. Where the tumor is presen: without pus dissection is in order. Orchard Econenty. It is not JEobtable to foal awae time in coddling a poer free. # out and plant's new one 114 oats something, of course, But it more mn - time and aunoynnes to it stay American Agricaltusist, cost int the the where clamps can be used the results: to stop the blood and nothing | Yank! A A lamb, by carease, $5 to 86; veal, Je. to 0c. Ib; ducks, 21.25 to $1.50 each; turkeys, Me. to 2; fowl, ¥l to $1.50 per pair; spring chickens, Ye. to $1 pair; butter, 2c. to 2c. fresh' eggs, 15¢c. to 20, J. A. McFarlany, Brock street, re ports flour, feed and grain selling as follows : Oats, 40e.; local wheat; $1.10; buckwheat, 6c; barley, &w.; rye, 65¢.; peas, #1; vellow corn, The; flour, balers, $2.30 to 8; fammers', $1.50 to 83; Hungarian patent, $2.90; oatmes! 12; and rolled cats, $8.50 per barrel: corn- | meal, $1.90 to $2; bran, $20 to $22 tun; shorts, $25. straw (baled), $9: straw; loose, $9; hay, loose, $15; pressed, $14 to $15, Dominion Fish Co. reports prices ns follows : Salmon trout, 12§c. to 1%. a Ib.; skinned digby herring, 20c, 1b; white fish, 12§c. to 15e. Ib.; pike, 0c. 1b; Chinook salmon, 30c, 1b; kippersll herring, Yarmouth bloaters, perch, We. doz; Atlantic th.; salt codfish, Te. to 150. 1b; halibut, 12ic. to 20c.; fresh Laddock, 10¢. lb.; bullbeads, 134. Ib.; red herrings, 200. box; mackerel, 15¢. Ib. lake herring. Sc. Ib; finoan haddie, 125c. Ib.; wa bass, 1210, 1b; pickerel, 12je. Ib.; mackerel, 15¢c. Ib; Jobn McRay, Brock street, reports as follows i Wool, washid, 200, to Ae, per lb; lambs 'and shear lings, 13¢. to 5c. per 1h. tal- ow, rendered, deacons, 0c." to She; veal skins, 1%. per 1b; hades, No. I Se. per. 1b,; hid No. 2, Te. per th: hides, Noo 8, G6eper 1h.; horse hides, hair on, Royalty and Tobacco. The late King Edward was a great cigar smoker, but in privacy of his workroom at Buckingham Palace and Sandringham | liked pipe. Ring George is a gar smoker, but he dees not disdain a pipe, for which he formed a liking when he was an active waval officer, i The Czar of Russia contents himself with cigarettes. Formerly the kaiser was an inveterate cigar and pipe smoker, but on the advice of his doe tors hé¢ has almost given up the habit: Fr spite of his vighty years the Austrian emperor is fond of a pipe, and smoking does not affect' his health. i King George of Greece smokes quan tities, of cigarettes, which he usually throws away half consumed. King Victor Emmanuel is a moderste smok- er of eigars and cigarottes. King Peter of Bervin prefers a pipe,' a habit contracted when he was at tary school of Saint Cyr. King Alfonso manages to pot through a fair quantity of cigars and cigarettes. His neighbor, King Manuel of Portugal, has not yet learned to ap preciate a cigar, contenting himself with the cigarette, the a he the mili | Neckwear Sale. | "My daughter," said the old broker, j "is that voung man familiar with the way stocks drep during the summer | months 7' | "Yes, indeed, pa." hastened the pret ty daughter. "Just the other day he bought a pink. and blie one that had been reduced from $2 to $1.49." i -------------------------- } The Dollar Mark, ! Washington Star fave you seen monument ?*' "Yes," replied the New Yorker. "It's a pretty tall building, but what's the good' of it" without any offices for rent 7" the Washington aT SATS AN EMPRE BUILDER LORD MOUNT STEPHEN IN HIS ENGLISH HOME. ay { Colebwntes Wis Sist- Birthday--Ro- | mace Carecr in Canada of a Youlg. Scotch Emigrant, Ford Mow pe t Stephen, one of the fore empire-builders, celebra- pd the shit first anniversary of his birth at beautiful Hertlordshire | home, Brocket Hall, near Haggeld, on Sunday. Although he has had a long, stren nous and adventurous life, lond Mount Stephen is still enjoying robust health, but he has forsaken active participation in business, and prefers peaceful and secluded retirement amid the wooded, glories of his pictaresque country estate. --- Lord Mount Stephen was, like Lord Stratheona; one of the creators of mo- dern Canada. He was born plain (ieorge Stenhen © at Dufitown, Banfi- shire, in 182% His father was a poor earpenter, and George, having for a few years attended the parish school, began his career as a shepherd boy on a farm, . Ambition afterwards carried him to Glasgow, and then to London, where he obtained employment as assistant in a firm of drapers with a large co lovial business. One day his cousin entered the shop and asked him to give up the drapery business and go to Canada, The boy-he w then only twenty---had a wide vision even them and he consented to throw up the prosaic ealling of a draper's as sistant for the more energetic and freer. life in a comparatively unknown country, Py this timely migration he helped to make Canada aud established for himself a name which is as widely known as it is deeply respected, In conjunction with Lord Strathcona, then a struggling pioneer, he prosper ed exceedingly, mequired banking and railway interests, and undertook the construction of the great transeontin ental line known the Canadian Pacific railway, of which he became president, i He subsequently made an enormous fortune, gave largely to charities, and in ISS6 was created a baronet, while in ISU] a barony was conferred upon him, Among the large sums which he has distributed for philanthropic purposes are the following: £200,000 to the fund. £10,000 for poor Scottish dergymen., £25,000 to Aberdeen infirmary, to clear off a debt With Lord Strathcona built a hos pital at Montreal for £200,000, and provided "a further £160000 for ite maintenance, Gave £35,000 to the Aberlour phanage, Scotland, £10,000. to the Queen's unemploy ment fund. Distributed £500,000 among his re Intives, preferring, as he said, to see that they enjoyed life now instead of waiting until after hiv death, Lord Mount Stephen, who has many occasions been visited in his country home hy King George and other members of the royal family, received scores of congratulatory mes sages on 'the occasion of his eighty: first birthday, as King's hospital on SERMON | FROM AY NT) NT, Béggars mounted, ! death Henry VI, Part HI, Act 1, Se. 4 Shakespeare hae used the old adage "Beggars mounted run their to death" with powerful effect. figure is an excellent one. The beg gar who creeps slowly and painfully along the highway, looking to charity for his daily bread, is in a new and unaccustomed world, when he finds himself mounted on a In his changed circumstances he loses his head and rides so furiously that ke is in danger ol running his steed to death. For a moment he is a king, and, exhilarated by the thought he knowe restraint. : Wealth or power suddenly upon most men hag the same as the poesossion of a horse beggar. abundant uth, run thelr horse te hors The no thrust effect by a The American continent gives examples of this There are on it thousands of r on who from poverty have come to! affluence. Lumber-jacks, brakemen, miners, have become millionaires. So long us these men are actively en- gaged in producing, there is but little danger to themselves. Their | kenps them fron injuring their live by excess or muning the force that bas made th what they are. "If they cease their activities they are in grave dan, » The rich American if a Joke in Daropo rs joke that many continental parasites thoroughly en- joy. He flings his money recklessly about him, he plunges into excesses, he buys costly pictures apd curios which be cannot enjoy and which ars frequently frauds. He goes from ex- cise to excess. Mounted on his wealth he rides to the devil, to give the old adage ifs most common form. There Are many eéxoeptions. There are men who Bave risen from the ranks of the | poor on whom wealth has but little or no deleterious effect, It is merely an _inétrament an their hands to en able them to szecomplish greater things in the future. t so often in their opportunities, that Shakespeare's aphorism way bi accepted ss genersl vy sound. ' There are abundant prove it. The youll coves from the Term oF village to The city. He is dazzled By the splendor, the luxury, the amusements. The unaccustomed world is t0 mack for him. sud he plung to excesses which w kis On the other hand the crt 4 ¥ has many men, who have come from country, secupying high tions. old s a bave won the ruce snd instances . powerful steed. | general | work | it true that the gw rich abuse | a1 tola 23 on thele same tendency to ride a newly -acquir- ed horse to death. King Cophetuas no longer go about the world wooing beggar maids; princes rarely east their eves on Cindercllas; Lords of Burleigh do not in these times wed peasant girls. However, men of great wealth are( often attracted by pretty faces whith are frequently masks of empty or Xai minds, Suddenly raised from poverty; such women often play a lu dicrous part. In thle efforts to ap pear grgat ladies, leaders in society, of culture amd refinement, they make laughing-stocks of them selves, The world 1s still nat without ite Mrs. Malaprops. The extravagance and pride of vain women have diss pated many fortunes. They desire to shine in the world, to be in the pul lic eye. They think that Ly the glit- ter. of their jewelry and the gorgeous ness of their appprel they will win ho- mage: The divorce courts, the socie {ty scandals, the suscides and murders in high places show where 11s It of vanity and display may lead. It is the same with power. Rictsrd IIL. and Macbeth, by their snrpy and cheming, achieved crowns. They abuse ed their positions. From ow digree ol tyranny to swother they +i pneed tuntil the spirit of justice rose up and, tin the person of a Macduff snd a | Richmond "destroyed them, Had Na {poleon been born to the purple his end {might have ben different. The vast {power that was his got ooutrol of ihim, He wy, in a way, a begyar {mounted and rode bs bores to death. {Yenmmond § vwowepy) Wm ROVIY A300 - I The woman who has been 4 servant {often becomes the unkindest niciress, ithe man who has used the pick and ishovel frequently makes the harshe:t Lganghocy. The politician who kat nev. fer known power or 'wealth not uncom {monly ix the most irichky legislator jand the most shameless grafter. { How are such boggurs to learn to ride? Common sénse Ia all that is needed, Weslth and power are ex i enllont steeds; they earry far ahd swili- fy, but thee should le a strong hard beasts in POSSOREOTS lon the rein. They are sturd natural state, wild -----r untamed, {and if the rider ts carddess they will | take the bit in their teeth d oe {beyond control. A heart wttused to virtue, a soul sgrious of pu and {unselfish need have no fear. Fora and {wealth will be accepted ag are life and { healih, itr fro We Tofinite to ibe used. for noble ends, The man of | hunsblest iin in the saddle with Aunch a point view will hold his His : \ sent like a king, wtond, 1 jonrney