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HIGHEST IN HONORS Baker's 50 HIGHEST AWARDS IN EUROPE AND AMERICA A medical writer says --* The use' of a rol llc rer preparation d be universally en-. core, ed and it is the consensus of men as well hoary workers that the break- fast cocoa manufactured by Walter Baker & Co. Ltd., not only meets the indications, but accom lishes even more than is claimed for it." Walter Baker & Co., Lid. Established 1750. DORCHESTER, MASS. BRANCH HOUSE: 86 St. Peter Street, Montreal | multiply in a geometrical ratio. MADE IN CANADA : Makes Your EXPENSES Light Makes Your BISCUITS Light Makes Your CAKES Light Makes Your BUNS Light Makes Your LABOR Light STE ORDER FROM YOUR GROCER. "Black Knight" Stove Polish does away with all the dirty work of keeping stoves clean, Nomixing--no hard rubbing. " Black Knight' is always ready to use--shines quick as a wink--and puts on a bright, black polish that delights every woman's heart. Equally good for Stoves, Pipes, Grates and Ironwork. If you can't get. "Black Knight" in your neighborhood, send name of dealerand 10c for full sized can. The F. F. DALLEY CO. LIMITED, HAMILTON, Ont. 104 5 DARWINISM OF THE PRESENT DAY. Read by Rev, C. R. dePencier, M.A, Welling- ton, Ont, at Clerical Union. Darwinism is the name applied to the views put forth by the famous English scientist, Charles Darwin, in his works on the Origin of Species, published in 1860, and the Descent of Man, published in 1871. Before the publication of the first of these works most naturalists believed that each species," whether of animals or of plants, was a separate creation. It was known that it might run into "varieties," might be improved by cultivation, or might help to species, in which case the hybrid was sterile, but it was=a canon of natural science that there could be no further change., Darwin followed a small school of naturalists who ad- mitted that there could be transmutation of species, of Alfred Russell Wallace and foreshadowed by Aristotle and others, may be embodied in the following propositions: = (1) A certain amount of variability exists in every amimal or plant, No children of the same parents are qitite alike,sand the differing circumstances of the life of each tend to increase the original variation,' Variation under domestication has attracted universal notice, as in the case of pigeons, dogs, cats and cattle. Similar changes go on at a slower rate among wild animals and plants. (2) Animals and plants tend to Each species would singly fill the earth were it not checked by the others. (3) There is thus a continual struggle for survival among all organized beings in the world, individuals and species battling against each othef for existence. (4) Speaking broadly, the victors will be those best fitted to survive, while others will be de- feated and die. This is called by Darwin "Natural Selection," while Herbert Spencer calls it the "Survival of the Fittest." (5) As the offspring of any animal or plant tends to be in most respects like its parent, and as the less improved forms are likely to be vanquished and perish, each race will ultimately be ccntin- ued by the more highly ¢rganized individuals in it, Sexual preferences will produce a selection tending in the same direction. (6) The result will be an endless progression en- volving higher species, genera, families, orders, classes and even sub-kingdoms themselves, the infinitely varied forms being each adapted to surrounding circumstances. Darwin's theory, of course, does not mean the "Survival of the Best" but the survival of those best suited to the conditions of life under which they find themselves placed. For ex- ample: The Indian who was keen of sight, fleet of foot, and acute of hearing, would escape his enemy, while his brother who could not shoot his arrow straight, who was slow of foot, and enemy. In case of animals depending upon speed as a means of escape the fleet of foot survived, while the enemy took the hindmost. In time of famine the giraffe, with the longest; neck, who could crop off the highest branches, survived. The mouse, (at one time a much larger animal than he now is) escaped, as now through holes and crevices, The smaller ongs, escaping more readily, lived, while the larger ones fell a prey to the enemy. The members of the ape family, with the longest arms, could more readily grasp the lower branches and swing themselves safe from the enemy, while the short armed members of the tribes were devoured. The best in every case perpetuating ther species, creation as a whole advanced. In reading this paper I may be carrying coals to Newcastle. 1 do not expect it to be received with any great osculatory enthusiasm. I say "Come, let us reason together." Few congregations there are in the Diocese of Ontario who have not men of university de- grees, or men of science, or men of keen in- tdflect, sitting in the pew. These men find it difficult if not impossible to accept the state- ment "That the first man was made of the dust of the ground" in a manner somewhat similar to which they, in their ¢hildhood days, made their mud pies. They refuse to accept this; and they ask, with all reverence and with a conscientious 'desire after truth, if there is no deeper meaning to this statement in the book Genesis. We endeavor to explain, as best we can, that tHe object of the writer of this book was not to convey scientific knowledge or to impart physical information. Every writing must be judged by the object the writer has in view. If the object of the writer of these chapters was to convey physical information, then certainly it is imperfectly fulfilled. But if his object was to give an intelligible ac- count of God's relation to the world and to man, then it must be owned that he has suc- ceeded in the highest degree. Indeed, what we mean by scientific knowledge today was not in all the thoughts of the people for whom this book was written, The subject of crea- tion, of the beginning of man upon the earth was not approached from that side at all. It will, however, be said, with much ap- pearance of justice, that although the object of the writer was not. to convey scientific in- formation, yet he might have been expected to b& accurate in the information he did advance regarding the physical universe. If we bring the early chapters of Genesis into comparison at all with science, we find at once various discrepancies. Of the creation of sun, moon, and stars subsequent to the creation of this *Silver Plate that Wears" Sixty Years of experience and skill result in the spoons, forks, knives, serving pieces, efc., stamped | f "IBAT ROGERS BROS. Beautiful patterns, enduring quality, finish and Style, make this brand of silver plate the choice of the majority. Leading dealers carry our lize of beautiful cream pitchers, bowls, ures, ek., m by the MERIDEN BRITA co. Dyeing with Soap! le Sosp is the Household Dye pape ad dyes with one opera. tion. A #lmost exclusively in . Yieiditast briliiauteslars, Dyest any shade No streaks An above all ANLY, SAFE, SURK. Maypole Soap 200. for Colpre--isc. Jor Black. | Pram L. Benedict & Co., Momireal, earth, science can have but one thing to say. Of the existence of fruit trees prior to the | existence of the sun, science knows nothing. "Ignorance of the department of science does not, however, disqualify a man for knowing and imparting truth about God. St. Paul tells us, in his letter to the Church at Corinth, that he natural man cannot comprehend the things the spirit of God. The word, translated natural man, in the original is YUXUKOS, (1 Cor: 11," 14) the psychical, the intellectual man. Because many scientists are avowed agnostics does not.shatter our belief in God. If we desired information regarding the weight a great rock, we might go to a physical giant who had lifted the rock, but should we require the weight 'of the moon we go to the | inteilectual giant, the man of science. The physical giant may laugh at the information | | | ol of advanced by the man of science and say that he does got know, but we moreover readily accept the statement of the scientist. But if we desire knowledge of God, we go to the spiritual man, the man who stands as the proph- ets of old, in close communion with God--men who speak the spirit of God. There 'no reason, however, why a good man, a spiritual man, may not comprehend a scientific fact. This he may readily do unless he should feel disposed to close his eyes to the truth. This, however, is not infrequently done, even by men of whom we should expect more. The' High School Physical Geography by Geo.. A. Chase, contains at page 13 this sent- ence: "The Study of Rocks is an interesting chapter and most important, for it reveals to us the story of life on'the earth from its early beghuning, in humble sea-weed, or in a mass is originate a hybrid in conjunction with another. His views, almost identical with those | dull of hearing, would fall a prey to his subtle, THE DAILY BRITISH WHIG, SATURDAY, J bof in Anatter that wove for itself: ar limey covering from the waters of the sea to its crowning development in Man who claims kindred with still higher beings." This strikes the key note of developnfent of life upon the earth -from the earliest stage, the Eozoic of Dawn of Life, to the present, Psychozoic or this statement on the floor of Synod of 1906-- by men (I'will niot say by all, but by some) who had never given the question a moment's thought. A petition was sent to the Minister of Education, protesting against the use of the book in our high schools and collegiate insti- (tutes. The inevitable followed. These men were forced--I shall not say to the humiliating attitude of retraction--but, at Jeast, led to re- cognize that their objections were foundation- less. The sentence to which objection was. taken contained not a theory but an accepted and rigid truth; the statement of an accepted, fact. All that is said by: of the book of nature, show a gra¥ in the types of life, from the very Nowest to the very highest. - Nothing is said, othing implied, as to how this advance came gbout, nor is 'anything said or implied that a form of life, plant or animal gradually d oped into a higher one; and surely a bels should have no difficulty in seeing in * claims kindred with still higher beings" ference to our resurrection bodies. There are threg possible views concerning the origin of organic forms, whether individual or specific. Two of these are opposite and mutually excluding, the third combining and reconciling. For example, take the individual: There are three theories concerning the origin of the individual. The first is that of the pious child, who thinks that he was made very much as he himself makes his mud pies. The second is that of the street gamin or of Topsy, who says "I was not made at all; I growed." The third 1s that of the most intelligent Christians; that is, we were made by a process of evolu~ tion. Observe that this latter combines and reconciles the other two, and is thus the more rational and philosophic. Now there are also three exactly corresponding theories concern- ing the origin of species. The first is that of many pious persons and many intelligent clergymen, who say that species are made at once by the divine hand, without natural pro- cess. The second is that of the materialist, who says that species were not made at all, they were derived. The third is that of the The- istic Evolutionists, who think that they were created by a process of evolution, who believe' that making is not inconsistent with growing. The first asserts the divine agency, but denies natural process. The second asserts natural process, but denies divine agency. The third asserts divine agency by natural process. The last-mentioned idea has not yet been univery sally accepted. Never yet has any 'great truth, presented to the world, been readily accepted. We once thought the earth a flat surface, the centre of the universe. This was doubtless David's conception--""The foundations of the earth shall never. move at any time." But science shows that it does move about the sun and spins unceasingly on its axis. Everybody has heard of the terror produced by this dis- covery and the nearly tragic results to the bold scientist. But nows we look back with wonder that there should have been any trouble at all. Would any Christian now consent to give up the grand conception of nature and of God thus opened to. the human mind? Next came the law of. gravitation. The effect of this on religious thought was even more profound, though less visible on the surface, because only perceived by the most intelligent. It seemed at that time to remove God from the course of nature, but no one today would give up this grand idea. Next came our knowledge of the antiquity of the earth and of the cosmos. The earth, which we had fondly thought - made specially for us about 6000 years ago; sun, moon and stars, which we had vainly imagined shone only for our benefit,--these, science [tells us, existed and each performed its due course inconceivable ages before there was a man tq till the ground or contemplate the heavens. Next it came in the form of the antiquity of man. It is doubtless certain that man' has inhabited the earth far longer than we had previously supposed we had any reason for believing. Evidences are produced to show that man existed upon the earth from twenty thousand to fifty thousand years before the birth of Christ. The rotundity of the earth to- day is an accepted truth. For many years the believers in this truth were persecuted, their followers were classed as heretics. So it was with the circulationf the blood." But these to-day are accepted fatts. We will not recede from them. So it is with the development of life upon the earth. In the strata of the Eozoic age, no plants have as yet been detected, and the one species of animal was of the simplest kind--a mass of jelly, enclosed in a thin shell. The Palaeozoic or second period, began with the humblest corals, shell-fish and sea-weeds and passed up into fishes, insects and lizard-like reptiles and into land plants, from the lowest mosses to the cone-bearing trees of the coal measures. In the thifd or Mesozoic period, mammals for the first time appear. In the fourth, or Cain- ozoic period, plants and animals resemble in some respects those of our modern world. In the fifth period, now known as the Psychozoic age, man appeared upon the, earth, for stone implements and the bones of man have been found associated with the arctic animals in the glacial drift. The vital question before us to day is the method of this creation. I am fully aware of the difference between a fact and a theory. One man will say the various types of 1ifé came about through separate creation by the will of the great Creator, that is that God created the plants and animals of the Eozoic age. Then after millenniums of time, He created the plants and animals of the Paleozoic age and placed them upon the earth, and so on with the different stages of life. In time, when the higher plants and animals of the mammalian type were all created and plac- upon the earth, when the Creator by a separate act of His omnipotence made man of the dust of the ground. To this, the Christian Evolutionist takes objection. He sees that from the beginning God has worked by a slow process from cause to effect, or, if you will, cause, process and effect. He sees that the animal and vegetable worlds merge into 'each other so .closely that you cannot tell" where one ends and the other begins. There are to- day, forms of life in the ocean, claimed by Botanists, on the one hand, to belong to the vegetable world; and on thé other hand as strenuously claimed by zoologists to belong to the animal world, so closely does the vegetable wqrld merge into the animal world. So the! fossil remains of the connecting links of the various types of life have been found and are now on exhibition in our museums, or are alive and flourishing. For example, the orhithorinchus, or duck- billed _ platypus, the connetting link between the birds and mammals a re- is' to-day being found in the Island of Austra. Tia. (It has a duck bill, web-toes, acoracoid bone found only in birds and is oviparous.) | So with the other types and stages of life. Every corner of the earth and crevice of the rock is filled with the form of life best fitted to the peculiar environment. So scientists do. not expect any great change in the Physical forms of life now upon the earth. crows with the same voice to-day as The rock in the days af Peter, simply because his environ ment has not changed. The fox digs his den as in the days of John the Baptist, because his condition of life has not changed. The dog and jackal differ becausé their environments differ. Doubtless, they had a.common ancestor. The | jackal was left in the desert, the dog domesti- cated. The superior intelligence of the dog is owing tq his association with man. But glace the dog in the desert and the jackaf jn the home of man and their forms and dis ions would be reversed. So the process of change had long since come to an end because of the settled state of mature and a process of psychi- cal change took its place. Primitive man was a stronger man, physically, than he is to-day. This was owing to the Survival of the Fittest. Man at that time secured his food and protect ed his life by main force. The strongest sur- 'vived. But the day cama when primitive man ound he could protect himself by throwing ones by hand, then he placed the stone in a sling to iucrease the velocity. Physical strength now was not of so much value, but shrewdness and intelligence predominated. So the more intelligent survived while the dull ones fell before their enemies. The more intellegent surviving and "perpetuating their species, evolution took place along psychi- cal lines. Thus, through the accumu- lation of psychical variations, one particular species was to be indefinitely perfected and raised to a totally different plane from that on which all life had hitherto existed. Hence- forth, in short, the dominant aspect of evolu- tion was to be, not the genesis of species, but the progress'of civilization. As we thoroughly grasp the meaning of, the evolutionary theory, we clearly see that it will be impossible that any creature, zoologically distinct from man and superior to him, should exist upon the earth. In the regions of unconditional pos- sibility, it is open to any one to argue, if he chooses, that such a creature may come to ex- ist, but the Darwinian theory is utterly op- posed to such conclusion. According to Darwinism, the creation of man is still the goal toward which nature tion of any higher creature, but the perfecting of humanity, is to be the glorious consum- mation of nature's long 'and tedious work. Thus we suddenly arrive at the conclusion that man seems now, much more clearly thin ever, the chief among God's creatures. From a literal interpretation of the book Genesis, it would? seem that man was suddenly placed upon the earth by the omnipotence of God, without the slightest connection with the former of God's" creations, And: no scientific reason could be alleged why the same incalculable power might not, by a similar miracle, thrust upon the scene some. mightier creature in whose pres- ence man would become like a sorry beast of burden. - Bat he who recognizes the slow and subtle pretess of evolution as the way in which God makes things. come to pass must take a far higher view. He sees that in the deadly struggle «for existence, which has raged throughout countless aeons of time, the whole creation has been groanitig and travailing to- gether to bring forth that last consummate: specimen of God's handiwork, the human soul. Plain Mary, After All Jocular parents, with a perverted sénse of humor, who inflict a comic name, or combinar tion of nameS, upon a helpless baby, seem, fortunately, to be lessening in numbers. Never- theless, Rev, Joseph Wray, an English clergy- man, in some recent reminiscences of village life, tells of how his first parish was almost imendurable at first bechuse of his declining to christen a baby in 'accordance with its father's wishes. The than's name was the commonplace, unnoticeable one of John Fish, and he wishied to name his little daughter Gold. The minister asked: "But what does your wife think' about it, Mr. Fish? Surely she dbesn't want the child named Gold Fish. Women are always more sensitive to anything absurd in a name than men are. [ feel certain you can't tell me honestly she approves this notion of yours." "Well no, I can't," admitted the man. "She says there's something hard and short and not like a female name about Gold. Her own wish was Silver, sir, as being the softer and preserving the beauty Of the idea. But I persuaded her without iach trouble, because she thinks a gold fish i€ prettier than a silver fish; anyway, I've married an amiable woman.' However amiable a wife Mr. Fish was bles- sed with, his pastor was less amiable and more resolute, and there was neither a Gold or a Silver Fish permitted in the Fish family. The baby was finally christened Mary, but all the villagers took sides, and it was many months before everybody's feelings were soothed, and the commotion simmered down. English parish records of recent years show that other clergymen cannot always have been equally firm, for they reveal among other obviously intentional combinations of the kind; | Belle Clapper, Salt Waters, Pretty Goode, Carrie Arms, Orange Pecl and Neversay Dyer. Remember The Old Folk. Home Journal: Few realize the tragedy there is in growing old. To feel thrust into a cor- ner while the world in which one once bore an active part goes whirling on without him, must truly account for the "peculiarities" of old age, Make Christmas bright and helpful to the old folks. Do not count expense or trouble in visiting the old home and cheering the hearts of those who gave freely to your welfare when youn were helpless and getting your. start in life. When you miss the dear old faces you will wish many a time that you could run in and say a pleasant word or leave some little Tove token. The sweetest recol- lections you will have in after life will be the little things done to smooth the way for those on the other side of the hill or on their way down into the valley of shadows. The Last Preacher's Move, Bobby as the ison of a Methodist minister has had the experience of moving four times within his life of eight years. He disapproves strongly of the itinerapt system, the kane of the 'clergy. An elderly minister was visiting | Bobby's father and gave attention to the small ; boy, asking many questions of a semi-theo- logical nature. - The conversation turned to | heaven, and Bobby was asked concerning the | abode of the blest. "Yes," said the youngster, with a sigh of deep weariness, "I know. It's the last place we're going to move to." 7 tended from the beginning. Not the produc- Labrador in iE he i fw Sci fant ides and 'summer. folk from Newfoundland religious or 'medical ajd; in the Sluiches fisher- thelr catch in return, contrivi in debt, by this System of ations, with [Risers and ith children Sminally neglectful, and the region a vert: le land of desolation. Within sixteen year he has effected a revolution $0 complete and almost without | of for treatment; th tosis Ss he & : krown, the ruling powers mot] comprehensive in the condi «of existence as to seem almost a miracles by. clothing the naked and succoring the sick, 'he has gradually, by judicious eharity, ment of thrift, incitement * industry, and the preaching of the practical Christianity, created a 'pe fortable, contented and free, in; the the fear of perishing by hunger.or, ~--formerly the fate of large numbers 0 pe ents. ; The medical and spiritual needs of "transients" have been as fully satisfied. He has built * hospitals, orphanages, sawmills, and workshops; he cruises among the fleet in a hospital-ship, and has 'launches attached to the land hospitals for the conveyance of patients to and' fro, since there are no roads; he Has established. eight co-operative stoves, providing much of the capital out of his private means, and asking no interest on it; has built a schooner every winter, with maber fram his own mills, 'on plans drawn on a shingle by a local genius of a shipwright unable Ye readpr | SW write; has started classes in weaving. cap | pentery and other trades; hag opened day and hightschools, and put into service sixty lending libraries 'donated by Andrew Carnegie; has installed his own electricity, telegraphs and telephones; has charted the entire seaboard and mapped the terrain nearby; has imported reindeer from Norway to replace the man- eating "husky" dogs that are the Yersor of the region, and is now' dertaking 17 hefculean task of ane raising af at RO [Tay to transform a moribund seamen's home in St. John's into a fishérman's institute, to really be what the word implies. None but one resolute and powerful can get through a routine like Grenfell's. His daily task in summer "include treatment of ward cases received aboard his ship between hospi- tal points; navigating of the steamer, for Hié is his own pilot; attention to patients-found in ~ as diagnosing and dispensing for 'those ailing, abscess-letting, tooth-pulling, etc); holding religions meetings every evening; responding to cdlls at whatever hour, even when this im- rowing miles in an open boat where the ship cannot get in;writing a daily diary for news- papers, to swell the funds; conducting Sunday services all the season round; arranging For supplies of wood for the ship's furnaces in a land where there is no coal; adjullicating thé disputes between the fisher-folk as an unpaid magistrate; caring for orphans and lunatics; providing clothes and food for the destitute, wooden legs and arms for .the cripples, shot- guns and game traps for the "furriers," and nets and gear for the fisher-folk who have met misfortune; hearkening to the appeal of every- body in distress, and relieving them so far as possible; baptizing and burying where no clergyman ever goes; towing off stranded vessels after every great storm, and carrying wrecked crews southward to the mailboat; sounding for reefs, exploring harbors; and | discovering new codbanks for the trawlers, beside keeping track of the details and the finances incident to the administration ofifotir hospitals and a ship, as well as all the sub- |! sidiary enterprises,--lending libraries, work- shops, fox-farms, angora goat herds, farm at St. Anthony, sawmill at Roddickton, eight co- operative stores, and the reindeer herd; not to, friends in Europe and America. RECALLED TO THEIR DUTY. Brought Confusion to thé Clerk and Mirth to the Congregation, Youth' s Companion. Winter worship in oldtime - churches, 'al: though ardent in the spirit was often crhelly' chilly .for the body, even after the area of arctic temperature, mitigated only by the in- the more luxurious one of stoves. The great stove, filled with roaring logs, roasted the néarer worshippers and left the others to freeze; moreover, it required an inconveniegt amount of attendance. Tradition relates: how, in old St. Paul's, of Newburyport, assa- chusetts, a century. ago: the dealings of Mf? Harvey, the parish clerk, with a new stove-- brought confusion to him and mirth to the congregation. 3 Uncle Nat Bailey, the sexton, Wiese duty it was to tend his stove, was yet busy finging the bell, and the last comers were hurr when 'Clerk. Harvey perceived that the fire needed attention. This he promptly gave, but across his eountenance, which became ¢on- spicuously and absurdly smeared with soot. A few minutes later he rose with dignity at his desk, confronted the congregation, ay with a solemnity they «ould not share, 'gave out the first hymn: my face." days. Candles guttered or went out and kept sextons, busy tiptoeing about, smuffing or re- lighting ° them. Sextop Currier, {prondiunced in country speech, ! 'Kizh"), in Parson Milton's church, in the same ole town, ance' negletted this duty. Parson Milton, nicknamed for. his ton," was-an excellent, pastor, but sagular and abrupt in his ways. He nearly overthrew the at the top of his voice, without the' slightest] break between the sentences; "The Lord sdid unto Moses, Kiah,, snuff the ¢andles""" HET was, too, who, when a worthy parishioner, whose Christian name was Mark, ance. dropped into a doze in his pew, recalled him suddenly to duty. Leaning forward in thefsermon, and' apparently Addressing himself directly fo the "Mark." At the sound of his name the man the the harbors or aboard the fishing vessels, such { plies landing in the inky 'darkness. of-night-or§ mention correspondence with institutions and4 g in, }4 he smutted his hand, and haplessly rubbed it | "Hehold the beauties..of |. tremendous booming voice="Thumdering Mil-1- decorum of the congregation by proclaiming | offender, he exclaimed in quick, sharp. tones, | fy Pic a-tivey" ang Lund at om the aot and dreadtal womb pains. tm ve and tat me. Nothing did but it-a-tives.," "1 took. 'boxes and I am quite as well I was, entirely due"fo the | u great medicine." - fu '"Pruit-a-tives™ 1s put " in 26c trial size as v'»1l ay the 50d boxes, in order to enal te try these wonderful fruit jul lets, Sent on receipt of price. yo dealer does not have thems Write Fruit-a-tives Limited. i. 7 'TO MS MATES THE KING Sir Joba. Power & Son. i , - "wt day iRISH WHISKEY ' .Famous for over a - century for its delicacy . .of.flavor, 4 <u Of highest standard a 44 Purity, . It is especially "f | recommended by the \ledical Profession or, 'account of its peculiar "DRYNESS™ ABSOLUTE. - SECURITY. Genuine |. Carter's Little Liver Pills. ' "Must Bear Signature of © Tk efficient tin foot-warmer, had 'given way tp J Lighting, like heating, gave trouble in thoséd. . opened his eyes and sat hastily erect. | preacher, resuming his normal 1 #0 cluded the sentence, "the perfect man, ang hold the upright." ~ ~~